Abstract This paper discusses the current trend of computer hacking and cracking. The paper explains the difference between a computer hacker and a computer cracker and offers modern day situations that involve computer cracking.
From the Paper "A computer hacker is a person interested in exploring a closed computer system. A cracker is a term coined by computer hackers to describe an individual that is intent on doing harm during his or her unlawful invasion of a closed computer system. Angela Gunn describes the differences between crackers and hackers this way: Hackers poke into systems to find out how they work. Crackers break into systems to raise hell."
Abstract This paper defines pork barrel spending, analyzes its origins and evolution in the national debate and suggests reasons why it is a constant topic when government spending is discussed. The paper also discusses how pork barrel spending is used by the party in charge and how the party out of power accuses their opponents of pursuing wasteful or partisan spending.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Major Concepts and Variables
Origins and Definitions of Pork Barrel Spending
Hypothesis
Research Methodology: Data Collection Steps and Procedures
Testing the Hypothesis
Literature Review
Research Findings Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Farm Bills are notorious for under-spending their allocation. That is because the price supports sections, which are a significant part of the bills, generally fall below that which is allocated. For this reason, the author chose to analyze actual amounts spent each year on agriculture (totaling for every 5 years) rather than the amounts of the Farm Bills in question. The one exception to this is the 2007 Farm Bill, which at $290 billion is more than twice the previous five-year period, and an increase from 6% to 13% of the Federal budget. While the Farm Bill actual expenses could be higher , the expected continuation of high farm commodity prices suggests that much of that portion of the bill will not be spent in the upcoming period. Since the Federal deficit in 2007 is historically low (1.0%, as compared to 2.6% over the past 50 years), that means that the Farm Bill's correlation as compared with previous 5-year periods is fairly low. Even a reduction to 8-10%, however, would show a low correlation with Federal deficits, as the pork barrel spending is increasing as the deficit is decreasing."
Abstract The paper examines the topic of criminally motivating hacking referred to by computer professionals as "cracking." The paper examines the current methods used, the degree of sophistication of malicious programs and the rising use of rootkit "bots" that literally hijack computers to do the cracker's bidding and are almost impossible to detect.
From the Paper "The days of the prodigal teenager computer- geek breaking into a presumably "well" protected network system as a prank has gone the way of the 5- inch floppy disk. Boasting rights in a virtual subterranean world of peers generally were behind such intrusions. Few if any "hackers" as they called themselves thought of the consequences of their acts: the disrupted services and systems downtime they may inadvertently have triggered. Most were simply immature, a few malicious. To be called a hacker back then was to be paid a compliment. It meant simply that you were a very good programmer (Palmer 2001, p. 769). It is the "black hat" variant of hacking--the criminal exploitation of one's programming skills that has become a worldwide menace and earned its practitioners the derogatory label "cracker.""
Abstract This paper is a legal issue analysis of a newspaper or magazine article that discusses a legal aspect of a specific diversity issue - workplace harassment. This article offers a summary of the diversity issue, analysis of the legal issues and a presentation of thoughts and beliefs regarding this issue. The presentation is contextualized in terms of the challenges of managing that diversity issue within the workplace.
From the Paper "Restaurant Business revealed that the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is suing Cracker Barreland its parent for the alleged sexual and racial harassment of ten employees in three Illinois units of the restaurant chain. The E.E.O.C. alleges that the female workers had been subjected to sexual assaults, sexual propositions, obscene jokes and the circulation of pornography. The suit also alleges that some of the African-Americans among the ten employees represented by the E.E.O.C. were subjected to racial discrimination and harassment."
Abstract This paper examines how, Bernard Malamud?s, ?The Magic Barrel?; Bashevis Singer?s, "Gimpel the Fool"; and Irwin Shaw?s, "The Lament of Madame Rechevsky", demonstrate in a variety of ways the reoccurring theme of relationships and their influences.
From the Paper "Long after finding the picture of Stella, Leo undergoes many changes in which he tries to get rid of the feelings he has towards her, but ?fearing success,? he "concluded to convert her to goodness, himself to God" (2551). Although this story is interesting in that Stella is a prostitute, there is still the desire for love and the urge for a relationship. Leo is willing to go beyond all the norms of religion and society to ensure peace within himself, and although we do not know if Stella's reaction is the one Leo is expecting, we can see how love and relationships are major influences to this work."
An analysis of love and separateness found in "The Magic Barrel" by Bernard Melamud, "Maria Concepcion" by Katherine Ann Porter and "Feathers" by Raymond Carver.
1,893 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 0 sources, 2007, $ 60.95
Abstract This paper discusses the concept of love and separateness found in the short stories "The Magic Barrel" by Bernard Melamud, "Maria Concepcion" by Katherine Ann Porter and "Feathers" by Raymond Carver. The paper describes how each author portrays love within their story and discusses the complexities surrounding this particular human condition.
From the Paper "The authors know as well as any that the popular idea of romantic love embedded in western cultural consciousness does not exist. Despite this understood truth, the myth remains and its debunking continues to inspire great art. Carver, Malamud and Porter do not suggest universal truths; their vision is one of relayed experience. Carver in Feathers betrays himself through the intimately written details of dysfunctional marriage. This closeness is also suggested in Malamud's The Magic Barrel; his sly witticism as to Jewish customs and the bookish young man who rejects them suggests intimate recollection. Porter may not have grown up in a village, yet the perfectly rendered emotional states of love spurned in Maria Concepcion imply she writes what she knows. As mentioned, the writers do not expound answers to love's real meaning. What they have done masterfully is explore the complexities surrounding a human condition - the pursuit of love to express physical passion and to ease loneliness. Taping into a great universal influence, this flows though art and life like an undersea current."
Abstract This paper discusses the risks involved in Web security. Some of the topics discussed are, trust and risk management, firewalls, credit cards, the business of cracking, cracker profile, and possible solutions.
Abstract This paper examines current issues in computer crimes. The paper describes the crimes, the trends in crimes and the ways in which individuals and governments can fight the crimes that are collectively referred to as "computer crimes."
From the Paper "There are no reliable statistics on the amount of computer crime and the economic loss to victims. This is partly because the victims do not detect many of these types of crimes and many of the crimes that are detected are not reported to authorities. This is partly because the losses are often difficult to calculate or quantify especially when information is accessed and copied. It is difficult to place a cost on this type of computer trespassing and theft."
Tags: hacker, cracker, computer crime, federal law, cooperation among agencies, prosecution, theft, copying, copyright infringement, cost of computer crimes
Abstract This paper discusses security concerns facing network systems and relates that a balance is needed between high levels of security and enough flexibility to allow users to complete tasks on their systems and the network. The paper discusses hacker communities and analyzes the key security concerns that both individuals and organizations need to address. The paper looks at phishing,
viruses, worms, pop-ups, drive-by downloads, malware, Trojan viruses, identify theft and credit card security.
Outline:
Hackers: Who They Are and Why They Do It
Analysis of Security Concerns
From the Paper "Whenever a computer system or network is capable of being infiltrated and comprised, it is considered vulnerable. It has been argued by many systems and Internet engineers that the majority of systems on the Internet today have a high level of vulnerability despite the many security measures in place by both individuals and organizations. When a system or network has the characteristic of vulnerability, more aggressive strategies must be undertaken to minimize the risk of data and funds being compromised."
Abstract The paper proposes a study that seeks to identify ways in which a Website honeypot can help security professionals perform their jobs more effectively by acting as an intrusion detection system (IDS). The paper consists of the introductory chapter that provides an overview and brief description of honeypots and how they can be used to identify potential vulnerabilities in a Website. The paper also reviews the four steps that will be followed to achieve the proposed study's research goal.
Outline:
Chapter One: Introduction
Honeypot Overview and Purpose
Chapter Summary
From the Paper "The origins of intrusion detection systems are lost in the mists of time, but it is clear from the archaeological record that people have been trying to protect what is theirs from early on by using an increasingly sophisticated array of barricades, fortifications and other barriers designed to keep the "bad guys" out. The historic record also provides ample evidence of how the "bad guys" would always develop ways to overcome these defenses, and the same cycle continues in the defense industry and home protection market today. Moreover, these same security needs have been extended to digital data of all types in the Age of Information, but especially data that is maintained on computer systems that are connected to the Internet."
Abstract The paper attempts to identify ways in which a website Honeypot can be used as a detection measure or system and to determine its ability to achieve these goals in ways that are superior to other types of intrusion detection systems. The paper provides an overview of intrusion detection systems (IDS), the two primary classifications of honeypots and their respective intended applications and the different types of honeypots. The paper then provides a general discussion concerning the legal issues that affect the use of honeypots that should be taken into account before an organization makes the decision to use this intrusion detection system approach.
Outline:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Intrusion Detection Systems
Chapter 3: Classification and Types of Honeypots
Chapter 4: Legal Issues Affecting the Use of Honeypots
From the Paper "By any measure, the Internet has changed the way both consumers and businesses of all types interact and pursue their respective goals. Indeed, the Internet has transformed the way in which people go about the daily lives in some profound ways, but there are some significant problems involved. For example, Elifoglu (2002) points out, "The open nature of the Internet makes security a real challenge for today's companies" (p. 67). Such security issues have assumed even greater importance in recent years as more and more companies establish a Web presence to facilitate their organizational goals."
Abstract A look at the controversy surrounding the drilling of oil in Alaska. The writer presents political opposition as well as environmental concerns. On the other side, economic factors are taken into account.
From the Paper "For some years, Congress as well as those interested in both the energy industry and the preservation of wild areas in the United States have argued whether drilling sites in Alaska should be expanded. One area of debate has been the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska."
Tags: arctic, preservation, environment, barrel, wildlife, energy
This paper discusses the North American Free Trade Agreement - NAFTA: Compromise and conciliation in Clinton's victory in Congress on trade agreement vote, background, debate, role of Ross Perot, political significance and pork barrel concessions.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 13 sources, 1994, $ 95.95
From the Paper "Negotiation is an act of compromise. The mere agreement to discuss an issue via the process of negotiation represents a willingness to consider non-aggressive solutions. In the realm of politics, negotiation and compromise are the meat-and-potatoes of daily life. So it has been for the debate over the North American Free Trade Agreement - NAFTA - during the past few months. NAFTA posed, for the Executive Branch and the Legislative Branch of the United States government, respectively, an important socio-economic issue in which the two parties found themselves lined up on opposite sides. Negotiation, in the public forum and in classic behind-the-scenes backroom maneuvering, was the key tool that allowed President Bill Clinton his NAFTA victory in the House of Representatives - by compromising on enough minor elements of the proposal to enable a ... "
This paper discusses that the supply and demand model for oil and the price elasticity is directly related to the severity and overall nature of the war.
Abstract This paper discusses the implication that a conflict in the Middle East could lead to restricted supplies, which would increase oil prices. The author states that, in the event of a war with Iraq, the International Energy Agency (IEA) would tap into their strategic reserves and would offset the drop in production likely to be caused by war. The author believes the worst-case scenario is that an involved war could result an aggressive position by the Arab Oil Embargo, which would cause prices to spike exponentially; however, all signals point to a more optimistic result.
From the Paper "The IEA's initiative is intended to counter the chance of a disruption in oil supplies. If Iraq and Northern Kuwait stopped producing oil, the projected decrease of 2.5 million barrels per day would certainly impact the world's oil supply. The only other time in history the IEA released reserves was in 1991, with the start of the air campaign for the Gulf War. In 1991, the IEA had announced the release of 2.5 million barrels per day of oil from its strategic reserves. This resulted in a price drop that ultimately fell to $10.56 per barrel."
Abstract This paper details the roles of lobbying, campaign contributions, political action committees and the role of personal influence in the political arena. Specifically, the paper looks at how corporations use these areas to influence government. A study of lobby and contribution expenditures of 1998 is done as well as brief historical perspectives on PACs and personal influence. It is concluded that if the present trends continue, corporate America will, in effect, own the U. S. government lock, stock and barrel.
