Abstract This paper gives a brief introduction to Cornelius Tacitus, a Roman historian whose work is dated from the early second century. It examines his background and the prime reasons for his obscure and biased work. It focuses on the political structure of Rome during the 1st century and gives an account of Augustus, Tiberius and the treatment of the senators and the commoners during their reign. It looks at how political power was handed from one ruler to another and also highlights Tacitus personal statements and thoughts about the rulers and the existing political system during that time.
From the Paper "Octavian abdicated his title of Triumvir and wanted to be in the consul. He proclaimed the powers of a tribune to be good enough for him. Octavian captivated the army with bonuses. He entranced the civilians with his cheap food policies. He also captured the good will of the majority by the enjoyable presents of peace. Not satisfied, he further moved ahead with the intention of enthralling the functions of the senate, the officials and the law. Since opposition no longer existed and the war and magisterial murders got rid of all men of spirit, Octavian went well ahead with his plans. People belonging to the upper class that had lucre from the revolution, saw the slavish disobedience as the only way of withstanding both politically and financially."
Abstract The paper begins with a brief introduction to Irish author, Cornelius Ryan who wrote the bestselling book, "The Longest Day". The paper analyzes the book which talks about the dismay as well as the splendor of D-Day. The paper discusses how Ryan has narrated and described the individual, as well as collective acts of heroism in this book which sold over four million copies worldwide.
From the Paper "The author provided factual information and not based on any bias. He interviewed over 1,000 individuals who took part in the event on that day, and gave their personal experiences and perspective that together flawlessly leave his readers thoroughly absorbed. However, there were few stories of heroism, which those that took part has been considered just normal, but to the younger generations it does to some extent seem to be unreal making the book so fascinating.
Contrasting some authors of more recent, Ryan does not become entangled in regurgitation of numbers as for him the most vital aim was to get this story across in the world in forms of the words of those people who actually comprehended and recognized as to what happened that day where one of the great interest in the book as how the book concludes as well as the kind of jobs of those who were interviewed in 1959."
This paper argues that the book Cornelius Ryan's "The Last Battle" is a study of incompetence in the military and political affairs of the four major participants in the battle of Berlin.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, 1971, $ 55.95
From the Paper "Cornelius Ryan, the author of "The Last Battle", is one of the most prominent authors of World War II histories. In 1943 he became a war correspondent in the European theater until the German surrender, when he transferred to the Pacific theater until Japan's surrender. Of the eight books that Ryan has written, The Last Battle and The Longest Day are by far his most famous works. In researching The Last Battle Ryan and his staff interviewed over 2,000 participants of the battle for Berlin. He was allowed into the USSR to conduct interviews with the major Russian participants of the battle, with the exception of Zhukov, and was allowed to do extensive research in the Russian national archives. In the archives he discovered and copied many documents and photographs that prior to this time had never..."
Abstract The paper explains that the term, "Robber Baron," was first used in America in about 1878 to refer to any American capitalist during the late 19th century who became wealthy through the exploitation of various sources, such as natural resources, governmental influence, or by paying low wages for work performed. The author points out that these "Robber Barons", namely, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and Henry Ford, were owners and managers of colossal capital and ultimately made themselves and America rich. The paper relates that they all possessed: (1) the true American trait of "rugged individualism"; (2) an overpowering need to acquire material things as a result of their upbringing, which mostly occurred in poverty; (3) subscribed to some type of commonly accepted philosophy, which aided them in (4) understanding the forces at work during their lifetimes; and (5) how to utilize these forces to their own and best advantage.
From the Paper "On January 10, 1870, Rockefeller incorporated the Standard Oil Company of Ohio and then sought to end the refining competition in Cleveland by forcing them either to join him or be eliminated. He also initiated a number of changes, a few being that the railroads must make more favorable "rebate" arrangements with Standard and refuse to export crude oil, due to Standard's plan to become the world's biggest exporter of crude oil. Thus, Rockefeller created the world's greatest oil refinery and literally wiped out all of his competition within the span of several years."
Abstract This paper examines how the Roman Republic was designed to distribute power or control and how the government was made up of the Senate and the Assembly of the People similar laws to the parliamentary structure in the United States today. In particular, it looks at how, after being successful in battle numerous times, Sulla became one of the two Rome's consuls, the highest office in the republic and how, in 88 B.C., he was placed in command of the war against King Mithradates VI of Pontus in Asia Minor. It discusses how Sulla was an important figure in Rome's history because he was the first to establish a personal autocracy, which gave him the authority as a single leader to exercise absolute control over Rome's citizens and every aspect of their lives.
From the Paper "Assassination was considered a viable and acceptable means of removing someone who was not wanted in political office. In theory, it may be one of the reasons why Sulla resigned and is still the only known dictator to resign from office. One might conclude that after declaring himself dictator with no time restrictions to end his dictatorship. Sulla then resigns of his own free will-- This one act seems to signify his intent to have absolute power over the people and ultimately with no end to it."
Tags: autocracy, general, resign, reforms, political-power
Abstract This paper describes The Breakers mansion in Newport, Rhode Island. The paper relates that it was designed by Richard Morris Hunt in the style of an Italian Renaissance villa, and it was built by Cornelius Vanderbilt II in the late 19th Century. The paper includes a brief history of the Vanderbuilt family and also explains what the function of the mansion is today.
From the Paper "The Breakers was built by Cornelius Vanderbilt II and was built in Newport because of the family's passion for yachting and the fact that Newport was the social pinnacle of America at the time. The first Vanderbilts in America were a family of Dutch farmers who migrated to America in the latter half of the century. They settled in New York originally known as New Netherland and not much is known about their early history."
Tags: Breakers, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Richard Morris Hunt
Abstract This paper offers an analysis of the poems of Cornelius Eady, which demonstrate the difficulty of being human in an often inhuman world, particularly for black individuals in white mainstream American culture.
From the Paper "The poems of Cornelius Eady in "Brutal Imagination" are broken into two sections. In the first section, Eady's persona is the black man invented by white consciousness, particularly the black criminal invented by individuals like Susan Smith, Charles Stewart and white American invention, Stepin Fetchit Buckwheat, Aunt Jemima, etc. The second section entitled "The Running Man Poems" illustrates the barriers in white racist society that often tear apart the black family and defer the dreams of black youth."
Tags: stereotypes, racism, prejudice, black youth, otherness, Susan Smith, culture, barriers to success, race relations
Abstract This paper looks at the life and career of four lawyers who have contributed to the history of law allowing it to become what it is today. Without these men, things may have been very different in contemporary law studies. The four men are Hugo De Groot, Ulrich Huber, Cornelius van Bijinkershoek and Simon van Leeuwen.
From the Paper "Ulrich Huber, also known as Ulrik Huber or Ulricus Huber, was born on the 13 March 1636 at Dokkum and died in 1694. He is considered one of the greatest ever jurists of the Dutch province Friesland. After studying in such places as Franeker, Utrecht and Heidelburg, he started teaching as a professor of Eloquence and History at the University of Franeker in 1657. He was still very young at this point, however his studies had served him well, as from 1665, he became the professor of law. He became a judge at the Court of Appeal of Friesland from 1679 to 1682. Thereafter, he returned to his position as professor of law until his death on 8 November 1694, in Franeker. De Jure Civitatis Libri Tres was his major work. It was published in 1672 and it was continuously revised until the year of his death in 1694. His major considerations were of captivity in war, criminal conviction, and voluntary renunciation of liberty and birth from female slave legal grounds for slavery. "
Tags: Hugo, De, Groot, Ulrich, Huber, Cornelius, van, Bijinkershoek, Simon, van, Leeuwen
Social, moral & religious significance of portrayals of prostitution in 17th Cent. works of Cornelius Bega, Cornelius van Kittensteyn, Vermeer & others.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, 1996, $ 55.95
From the Paper "By the mid-seventeenth century, the style we have come to call Baroque was in full flower. The Baroque era in art was a manifestation of seventeenth-century life. It was expressed in different ways in different regions. The Baroque was the child of the Renaissance and was in part the result of a religious crisis brought about by the Renaissance emphasis on beauty and humanity:
It did not raise hopes of eternity nor promise everlasting glory to the poor to compensate for their earthly lot. The limitation of its message partly explains why the religious crisis came to a head, leading both to the birth of Protestantism and to the efforts of the Catholic Church to reorganize itself as the Council of Trent. Baroque. . . became the..."
Abstract The paper first looks at Thucydides, who, in his "History of the Peloponnesian War", draws upon oral historical traditions and cultural myths to describe such remote events as the Trojan War. The paper then examines Tacitus, whose work "Agricola" owed much to the experiences of the historian's own father-in-law, who is the subject of the story of Rome's activities in Britain from about A.D. 61 to A.D. 84.
From the Paper "What is the "proper" approach to writing about history? The perspectives of two ancient historians, Thucydides the Athenian and Cornelius Tacitus the Roman, offer us the opportunity to learn from how they presented historical events and the manner in which they did so. While objectivity, lack of personal bias, extensive reliance on source documents, personal interviews, and even first-hand experience of events and knowledge of event-shapers are all valuable qualities in an historian's work, they are not absolute necessities. Thucydides, in his History of the Peloponnesian War, draws upon oral historical traditions and cultural myths to describe such remote events as the Trojan War, and on the speeches he attributes to some of his contemporaries in the war between Athens and Sparta. Tacitus, in the Agricola and the Germania, seems to be more concerned with providing "evidence" of a particular political and ideological orientation than in capturing what we might call "reality" or true "objectivity." Despite these superficial drawbacks, both writers are historians; they offer readers unique insight not only into actual events and the behaviors of key individuals and groups, but also into the underlying cultural norms, ethics, belief systems and values that existed in their lifetimes."
Abstract This paper looks at the tremendous disparities between the rich and the poor during the Gilded Age in America. It does this by comparing the conditions and meager incomes of the masses to those of the well-known, wealthy men of that era: Jay Gould, the Vanderbilts, the Rockefellers.
From the Paper "One good way to get an idea of just how terrible the conditions were and how meager incomes were for the masses is to compare their fate with the grand estates of the rich. George Vanderbilt, son of Cornelius Vanderbilt, founder of a railroad empire, built himself a 250-room "home" on 8,000 acres in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina (Biltmore Estate Web site, "Visit Biltmore Estate"). Today, the "Biltmore Estate" chateau is a gleaming monument to the opulence of the Gilded Age ? still featuring the priceless artifacts and paintings that the Vanderbilt family had stocked it with. Compared with the poverty and squalor that residents of New York tenement houses had to endure, it could be said that the Vanderbilts ? and people like Jay Gould, and other "robber barons" ? lived in heaven, and New York City tenement dwellers lived in hell."
Abstract Ethical behavior is essential to conduct in business. However, the standards that are agreed to by a business are not established in a vacuum; they must be grounded in commonly held social principles in order to be valid in the context of a business environment. The paper explains that many communities in the United States are predicated on a Christian value system. Even when community residents do not profess faith in the teachings of Christ, the residual effect of centuries of Christianity creates an intuitively Christian world-view in America and many other countries. The paper shows, however, that common perceptions about Christianity and the perceived adverse effects of "fundamentalism" within Christian communities has resulted in a re-questioning of Christianity in the workplace; active measures have already been taken to eradicate it from many schools. However, the manager is still able to act at his own discretion and a Christian manager must always face moral dilemmas that accompany conduct just as individuals have always faced moral dilemmas. This paper examines what underscores Christianity and this applies in the context of a business environment, which is considered by many to be secular. The paper uses Larry Burkett's "Business by the Book" and Peter Hess' "Management: Responsibilities for Performance" as references.
From the Paper "Perhaps Christian values are best employed in a business environment in that they condition responsible behavior. Christians tend to reflect more upon their actions and look to scripture for guidance. The gospel uses allegories in order to demonstrate Christian behavior, and Burkett emulates this style when he presents his own ideas. Such values include honesty, fairness and the divination of God's will in the presence of diversity. Prayer can achieve introspection; Burkett most often speaks of a culture in which regular prayer is ubiquitous. Through prayer and a careful, thoughtful read of the Bible, Burkett believes that one can more carefully chose one's actions as they reflect the will of God as well as the interests of the company. Burkett believes that one has to first develop a relationship with Christ with reference to his or her personal goals and then from them engage in devotional work, asking God for ways of developing Christian business practices."
This paper reviews Roman historian Cornelius Tacitus's (c. A.D. 55?c. A.D. 117) "Germania", a comprehensive treatise on the culture of Germany written approximately 2000 years ago.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 0 sources, 2004, $ 36.95
Abstract The paper explains that Tacitus, instead of adopting a colonialist's attitude to the vanquished in the expansion of the Roman Empire, uses scientific means to study them. The author points out that Tacitus's major complaint is that, in the mad drive to the expansion of the Roman Empire to be established as the major superpower, the Romans lost their identity. The paper reports that Tacitus, in "Germania", gives a general description of various cultural facets of ancient and pre-medieval Germany: ethnology, climate and resources, war, government women and religion, administration, justice and education, habits and institutions, marriage laws, feuds and hospitality and drink, gambling, slavery, and tillage.
From the Paper "The Roman civilization was considered a beacon to the rest of the world. Along with the Greeks, the Romans created bastions of higher learning, philosophy and thought. But, decadence eventually set in. The economy became static. The emperors eventually resorted to taking the minds of the people by resorting to gladiator-games at the Coliseum. A social hierarchy needed to be maintained unlike the Germans who did not recognize such classes. In addition, the Gauls, Franks and Goths were constantly attacking Roman settlements. The costs of maintaining an army provided too much on the Roman economy. Anarchy arose. The tenant's farmers could not produce enough to sustain a population. To top it all, corruption and internal wrangling resulted in twenty-six different emperors in five decades. This was coupled by the rise and spread of Christianity. And no amount of persecution could help."
Tags: women, war, expansion, decadence, superpower
Abstract This paper examines the historical events on which Alexander Dumas's 1850 novel, "The Black Tulip", was based. It discusses the political settings of the book, as well as the ambitions of several of its characters. The paper looks at the cultural elements of the novel, including the wave of 'tulip mania' that swept Holland during this time period. It also looks at how Dumas shows how the tulip transposes its initial, materialistic characteristics in becoming a romantic symbol of justice and right.
From the Paper "In many Dutch histories, Wilhelm of Orania is truly THE Dutch hero who had the courage to stand his ground against the French (indeed, in the war that followed, the French invaded Holland and were close to conquering the country). However, in Dumas? novel, he appears to us as a rather opportunistic political figure, who is keen in taking advantage of anything that may help him rise to power, even if this involves murder. His figure is somewhat cleared towards the end of the novel, when he appears as a just ruler who recognizes his mistake (of placing Cornelius in jail) and is prompt to make it right."
Tags: wilhelm, of, orania, Cornelius, de, Witt, van, Baerl
Abstract This paper contains research into the island of Bali while examining in-depth the indigenous Balinese population. The author of this paper discusses the rich history of the Indonesian island, discovered by the Dutch navigator Cornelius de Houtman in 1597 while delving into Bali's diverse rituals, arts and culture. This paper also explores the vital role religion plays in Bali's society and explains why Bali is no longer a tourist paradise but also a society seeking its own identity.
From the Paper "As for the language spoken in Bali, the variations are actually part of the various dramas, since the majority of Balinese speak a language equal to their caste. Yes, like India, Bali has a caste system, as well, but there are no Untouchables, and today's Balinese system bears little resemblance to the "traditional" Indian system. The highest caste is that of the priests, known as Brahmana. Then there is Kasatria, the noble caste, and Wesia, the warrior caste."
Tags: indonesia, culture, population, geography, religion
