This paper discusses the concept of metadata using three essays: Anne J. Gilliland-Swetland's "Setting the Stage"; Paul Conway's "Preservation in the Digital World"; and Paul Conway's "Social Value".
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Abstract This paper explains that metadata, a term mainly used when discussing information systems and resources, describes the sum total of what a person can say about any information object at any level of aggregation. The author points out that Anne J. Gilliland-Swetland writes in her essay; "Setting the Stage"; that metadata can be used to describe the three main features of an information object: content, the intrinsic to the information object; context, extrinsic to the object; and structure. The paper relates that Paul Conway shows the concept of metadata is at the center of information management theory and practice, including specifications for the disposition of government archives, the management of book collections, and the maintenance of large-scale information technology systems.
From the Paper "If we refer to context, then the example of museum and archival activities is best. Here, metadata takes the form of accession records and catalog records, following certain standards that have been developed throughout time. Following these examples of how metadata is used to describe content and context (further more, the article also brings forth the example of hoe metadata is used in describing an information object's structure), we can better relate to the definition of metadata as "data about data" and we can underline one of the main characteristics of metadata: description. Indeed, metadata describes, following certain rules and certain algorithms, a series of other data and information."
Tags: aggregation, content, context, structure, theory
Abstract This paper looks at what the personal correspondence between noblewoman Anne Conway and intellectual Henry More - as well as at least one letter from her brother - reveal about the characteristics of seventeenth century English society. More specifically, the paper looks at the social ramifications of the age, the religious predilections of the period, the preferred consumption patterns of upper-class women, and the proximity of death to those alive during the period as all of these items are touched upon by the private letters exchanged between friends and family. Ultimately, the paper argues that Anne Conway was saddled with a variety of social conventions and burdens that even her social status could not help her evade.
From the Paper "Moving onward, the correspondence between Henry More and Anne Conway is marked (in many, but not all, instances) by an abiding interest in religion - one very good example of this occurring in one of the early letters sent by More to Conway shortly after she had been married (More, "21: Henry More to Anne Conway," 53-55). In any case, it should be borne in mind that the seventeenth century was an age of high religiosity - not unlike the century before it which produced the Reformation and then Counter-Reformation - and More's religious sentiments are extraordinary manifestations not only of his own interest in, and believe in, the Christian faith, but of the extent to which the thought of the age among even the most lettered persons was informed by Christian sensibilities. "
Abstract This paper examines how in the films, "Raging Bull", "Goodfellas", and "Casino", all directed by Martin Scorsese, the characters portrayed by veteran actor Robert De Niro come from backgrounds full of poverty, violence, and disillusionment. It shows how, in "Raging Bull", the character of Jake LaMotta is the product of a very disturbing life, replete with jealousy and sexual insecurity, and how, in "Goodfellas", the character of Jimmy Conway represents the quintessential New York City gangster, whose life overflows with violence and betrayal as a direct result of his upbringing. It also shows how, in "Casino", the character of Sam "Ace" Rothstein is also a product of his background, being one of brutality and dishonesty. It explores how all three of these characters portrayed by De Niro are images and reflections of their individual life stories that were often wrought with decadence and hard living.
From the Paper "In Scorsese's Raging Bull, considered by many film critics as a great cinematic masterpiece, the story focuses on prizefighter Jake La Motta, a middleweight icon from the middle years of the 20th century. De Niro's characterization of La Motta has to be one of the most compelling character studies ever brought to the big screen, for he is an individual highly influenced by his poverty-stricken upbringing, a man full of self-pity, sadness and disillusionment. As an historical/biographical film, Raging Bull contains many details taken from La Motta's autobiography, but Scorsese found it necessary to portray La Motta as an uncouth, insensitive lout in order to round out De Niro's portrayal."
Abstract This paper discusses Jill Ker Conway's "The Road from Coorain," an autobiographical account of growing up in Coorain, Australia. The paper shows how the book focuses on Australian society and its impact on the author's development. The paper also describes her sense of self.
From the Paper "Jill Ker Conway's autobiographical account of growing up in Coorain, Australia until she leaves for America to attend Harvard is presented in "The Road from Coorain." The road is arduous for Conway. Her father commits suicide and her brother dies in a car accident. Her mother is forced to take over running Coorain but a series of hardships occurs Conway's coming-of-age in Coorain deeply shapes her worldview but also leads to a newly constructed vision of her native land and her self."
Tags: childhood, identity, gender bias, climate, social class, education, British imperialism, parenting, ethos, bush land, farming, endurance, struggle, voice
Abstract This paper discusses the four basic new ideas, values and opinions in the notebooks of Da Vinci, as analyzed in Julia Conway Bondanella and Mark Musa's "The Italian Renaissance Reader." The paper discusses the idea of intellectual elitism, the idea that painting is subtle and sculpture is crude, the idea of creation versus reproduction and the rejection of book learning and the emphasis and preference for observation and experience.
From the Paper "The rejection of book learning and the emphasis and preference for observation and experience was an additional notion birthed in the period of the Renaissance. Da Vinci was not a university man, or a churchman. He highly valued experience and experimental behavior over any other type of learning. Da Vinci found that experience was far better and superior to any knowledge you could gain through institutions, such as schools and universities. He felt that learning from books, literary knowledge, was quite mediocre compared to experience. Experience and experiments were the ultimate learning tool for Da Vinci. The mere knowledge of text, without experience of what the literature spoke of was not the type of learning Da Vinci emphasized. "They will say that since I have no literary ability, I cannot properly express what I wish to deal with, but what they do not know is that my subjects are to be dealt with by experience rather than by words; and experience has always been the mistress of those who wrote well." Da Vinci knew that dealing with the subject itself was much better for the expanding of the mind and learning than merely reading about it, and thus greatly emphasized observation, experience, and experimentation."
Abstract This paper discusses "2001:A Space Odyssey" by Arthur C. Clarke and "Lost Horizon" by James Hilton. The writer explains that while the genre of these two books are different, each author works a similar idea - human development - from different points of view.
From the Paper "In the larger sense, though, the main character is not any individual at all but Mankind, and the novel is the story of human beings from the time of their origin as human beings to the next step in the evolutionary cycle leading past homo sapiens to whatever designation would be given to the superior beings to come. Everything in the story centers on the development of the human race for a higher purpose, and this development is guided by unknown and unidentified extraterrestrials, never seen but implied and symbolized by the monolith appearing first among the prehumans of the African plain, then on the moon, and finally floating in space and serving as the stargate through which Frank Bowman passes on his epic journey, leading to the appearance of the Starchild: "With eyes that already held more than human intentness, the baby stared into the depths of the crystal monolith, seeing--but not yet understanding--the mysteries that lay beyond" (Clarke 233). The people of Shangri-La also seem to represent an advance in evolution, for they have attained great longevity and live more contented lives, as Chang explains when he tells Conway that "the process of retarding age would begin, and if successful, might give Conway half a century or so at the apparent age of forty" (Hilton 182)."
Tags: clarke, hilton, space, odyssey, horizon, shangri-la, conway, bowman, poole
Abstract An examination of the similarities and differences between Arthur C. Clarke's "2001: A Space Odyssey" and James Hilton's "Lost Horizon". The author identifies core beliefs which both novels hold including their concern with what it is to be human. However, it is also illustrated how different the novels are with regard to structure, literary techniques, and characterizations.
From the Paper "Lost Horizon has a more traditional narrative structure, with an enclosing frame involving characters who talk about the central figure, remembering him in the past. 2001, on the other hand, at first glance seems to lack a cohesive literary structure and to be instead a series of barely related incidents at different time periods, with different characters and somewhat obscure situations. Yet, the two novels both have a core belief in the ability and innate moral sense of the human being and a belief in positive human development."
From the Paper "Women and Political Participation examines the fundamental cultural changes that have occurred in women's lives which have influenced their political activism. To a large extent, their participation has been dependent on whatever political socialization process they have undergone. The authors analyze women's political participation in terms of gender differences, women's group consciousness, involvement in politics (ranging from community activism to voting), and membership in the political elite. Although a male standard continues to dominate American politics, Women and Political Participation makes it clear that a revolution in women's political activism is taking place.
The main point of the book is that women's political participation is a product of cultural change. To illustrate
Abstract Analysis of James Hilton's novel of a utopian society. The secret of Shangri-La. Reactions of the hero Hugh Conway. Appeal of the book at the time it was published. Criticizes the make-up of Hilton's utopia in which the masses serve the small number of more intelligent, wealthy or powerful people.
From the Paper "James Hilton's Lost Horizon is an adventurous tale of the discovery of a secret Utopian society, hidden in the mountains of Tibet, where the inhabitants live for two or more centuries in peace, far away from the strife of the rest of the world. The hero, Hugh Conway, is clearly cut out for this society and is at peace there as he has never been anywhere else--although he has lived all over the world. But the peace of Shangri-La is not easily attained and just as "Eden had its serpent . . . Shangri-La also has it element of discontent" and, like the serpent, the character of Mallinson (or Conway's sense of duty) tempts the hero away (Crawford 102). But the element in this paradise that is most disturbing, at least to readers in the twenty-first century, is never acknowledged by Hilton or even by some of the critics who have written about the book. The great difficulty is..."
