Abstract This paper analyzes the historical contribution of the role of media by looking at the theories of Noam Chomsky and Marshall McLuhan. The author covers several different topics in this paper, including the role that the internet and television have contributed to the globalization of news and how the world is viewed by the masses. The author details the theories of Chomsky and McLuhan on mass media and its affect on the new world order. The author feels that both of these men feel that it is the role that mass media has changed the world in the last half of the twentieth century and in many cases, for the worse. In Chomsky's case, he feels that the media is manipulating society and for McLuhan, it was the nature of mass media itself that he felt was so dangerous.
From the Paper "The theories of Marshall Mcluhan and Noam Chomsky provide an in-depth view of the role of media in our lives; Marshall Mcluhan was a media guru who developed theories about the role of media in mass popular culture. Mcluhan became famous and fascinated the scholarly world through two of his renowned books on media "Understanding Media" (1964) and "The Medium is the Message" in which he developed his critique of media and provided some fruitful analysis in understanding the role of media. Noam Chomsky is a well-known scholar, who has been very critical about the US policies; his theories concentrate on how government uses media to control the masses, diverting their attention from real issues and concerns."
Abstract Network protocols are standards that permit computers to communicate. This paper explains how a protocol defines how computers recognize one another on a network, the form that the data should take during transfer, and how this information is processed once it reaches its target. It looks at two main concepts TCP and IP -
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol built on top of Internet Protocol (IP) and is nearly always seen in the grouping TCP/IP.
From the Paper "Generally speaking, TCP/IP is a software-based communications protocol used in networking. The name TCP/IP implies that the product is a combination of two protocols. However, the term TCP/IP is usually not a single entity, but a larger set of software programs that provide network services. These services include remote logins, remote file transfers, and electronic mail. TCP/IP provides a method for transferring information from one machine to another, and manages the routing and delivery of data, controls the actual transmission of data by the use of predetermined status signals, and handles errors in transmission (Hutchinson, 1999)."
Abstract The following paper examines issues of individual privacy and potential fraud which are chief concerns of both businesses and consumers in e-commerce businesses. The writer focuses on both business-to-business transactions and business-consumer transactions over the Internet which are faced by serious security issues.
From the Paper ?E-commerce can cover a wide variety of transactions. In its most basic form e-commerce is simply the act of doing business electronically. Business to business (B2B) transactions, done over a secure, closed network, are an example of e-commerce. Customer purchases over the Internet (for example, a consumer purchasing a book through amazon.com) are also considered an example of an e-business transaction (Korper).One of the greatest blocks to e-commerce is the fear-based attitude that doing business electronically is not safe. Consumers continue to fear giving credit card information over the Internet, due to concerns over potential fraud. Many businesses resist e-commerce initiatives on the basis that many e-commerce transactions are simply not secure enough.?
A paper which looks at the seven layers which make up the OSI Reference model which has described the rules and procedures as to how applications running upon network devices may communicate with each other.
Abstract This paper shows how the OSI Reference model was first introduced in 1984, and was primarily designed to serve as an abstract model. However it has proved to be a practical framework and a majority of the present era's network technologies are developed based on this model. The paper discusses the seven layers which make up the OSI model - Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer and Application Layer.
From the Paper "In internetworking terms, the OSI model refers to a vertical stack of layers. It is also known as Open Interconnection reference model. It is generally defined in terms of two primary layers, the upper layer and the lower layer. The upper layers of OSI model consists of software that provide certain network services like encryption, providing interface and connection management. On the other hand, the lower layers of OSI perform functions like routing, logical addressing, error correction and flow control."
Abstract An examination of Lucent Technologies, and their drop from a top rated company to one in danger of bankruptcy. It explores the background to this collapse - both internal and external factors which influenced this decline.
From the Paper "At one time, Lucent Technologies was the most widely held stock in the United States. Therefore, when they issued an earnings warning in 2000, most of the financial world was shocked. How could Lucent lose money? Some advisors were not caught off guard, and had been warning about Lucent for months, including the Motley Fool. What happened to Lucent, and can they recover?"
Abstract This paper examines the employer requirements for an information technology professional. The paper is well researched, with survey information and illustrations. The paper states that information system managers must have both technical and management skills in order to make intelligent business decisions. The author writes that employers of the future expect their IS managers to be at par with senior management, participating in decision making and strategizing with the board.
From the Paper "The emergence of information technology increased the demand for IT [information technology] professionals during the 1990s. According to a Wall Street Journal article ("High-Tech Firms," 1998) the average demand for IT professionals is estimated at 95,000 annually for the next 10 years. But information technology institutions are not producing enough graduates for hire. Hiring in this genre include computer scientists, system analysts, programmers and CIOs [Chief information officers]. As the industry realize the implication of IT professionals for the effectiveness of their operations, the mode of hiring process has also changed. Criteria could range from setting up a communication systems to a complex information structure for expansion purpose of the organizations [Ehie, 2002]. "
Tags: employer, requirement, is, in, technology, professional, business, skill, management, high, tech, senior
Abstract This paper introduces and discusses the Cold War. Specifically, it examines the various causes that led to and accentuated the Cold War and looks at its affect on modern scientific developments in arms and the space race. The Cold War led to developments in rocketry and science that have given rise to new technologies that the world uses every day.
From the Paper "The Cold War really began during the Second World War, when talk of post-war treaties between the United States, Great Britain, and Russia were put on hold until the war ended. "From early in 1942 the American Government had repeatedly proclaimed the principle that no final decisions on matters of postwar frontiers or systems of government should be made until the end of the war" (Graebner 5). "The growth of distrust and opposition between the United States (US) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) begins with Joseph Stalin's pre World War II behavior. The US and Great Britain provided war tactics and military hardware to Moscow but in return were rewarded with a veil of secrecy. As early as the Tehran conference (September 1943), Churchill confided to one of his staff that he considered Germany already finished; ?the real problem now is Russia''' (Kimball)."
Abstract This paper examines the business benefits of virtual private networks and compares them to expense of dedicated circuits. It describes the technical application and its solutions for connectivity. The paper states that the purpose of the virtual private network is also to create "trust relationships" through the use of a low cost public network without sacrificing the security of the organization
From the Paper "The Internet application that I would encourage the organization to implement would be a virtual private network. This will provide the organization with the opportunity to save huge amounts of money because the application uses inexpensive public networks to create a private network. VPN's allow an organization to make use of the low cost of public networks as an alternative to purchasing costly dedicated circuits. Another opportunity that this application will provide is a secure way for remote offices and headquarters to be connected and to share information. In addition this application is very user accessible and allows employees access to the network from their homes? or other remote sites."
Tags: connectivity, dedicated, circuits, networks, cost, public
Abstract This paper presents a detailed discussion about the ATC updated program. The ATC free flight program is examined with respect to its history, changes and current status. The program is evaluated in terms of its advantages and disadvantages and a speculation of possible problems in the implementation of the program is given. Recent research on the subject is also cited.
From the Paper "Currently there are tests going on all over the nation with the new ATC system for free flight. It is based on software programs that allow the pilot more input as to his or her route and takes a lot of the work and stress off of the air traffic controllers who use to have to coordinate every change and every flight ."
An examination of the applications, effectiveness, technology and benefits of computer-based patient treatment. Includes diagnosis, surgery guidance, costs and accessibility.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, 2000, $ 39.95
From the Paper "Telemedicine involves sharing information via computer networks that link doctors and patients at different locations in real-time. It can be used for diagnosis, for guiding surgeons at remote locations through unfamiliar procedures, for consultations between doctors, and for monitoring patients while they are at home. This paper will look at the uses of telemedicine and its role in the future of health care. It is hypothesized that telemedicine will be the health care of the future.
Telemedicine can be used to enhance cooperation between hospital specialists and primary care physician . Harrison, Clayton, and Wallace looked at the feasibility of such interaction by selecting six general practitioners and giving them access to teleconsultations with 10 specialists in various ..."
This research paper explains, examines and evaluates the effectiveness of different advertising methods used by companies via the internet. It includes an introduction, statement of purpose, method, conclusion and analysis.
Abstract The paper begins by providing background on the demand for internet advertising, including facts and figures that illustrate this point. It then goes on to describe and explain three different methods used by advertisers to reach their audiences. Next, the purpose of the paper is outlined. From there a detailed analysis is given of results found through following an outlined plan researching internet advertising. A discussion of the future of such advertising based on the results of the research follows.
From the Paper "The internet is perhaps the single greatest technology to emerge in this century. Its applications are limitless, ranging from entertainment to commerce to research, all instantly available at the click of a mouse or the push of a button. Internet users can do practically anything online that they can do offline, increasing the attractiveness of this communication medium. There are over six million sites on the World Wide Web, with sixty-four million adult regular internet users. These numbers grow by the hundreds daily. Naturally, an enormous economic market has developed on this information superhighway."
Abstract This paper outlines the Napster lawsuit while providing a brief summary of copyright protection laws and legislation. It explores the concept of file sharing technology in general and how this related to Napster Inc. in particular. It takes a look at the Napster court case and all the details surrounding this legal issue. It concludes with an examination of the RIAA's (Recording Industry Association of America) response to copyright infringement.
From the Paper "In today's information based world, one confrontational issue is the idea of copyright protection and how it is applied to the Internet. With the invention of the Internet and the World Wide Web, sharing files and intellectual properties amongst thousands if not millions of people became much easier. However, one problem that has been associated with this mass distribution of copyright material is the question of who holds the sole ownership of these intellectual properties. Recently, file sharing utilities such as Imesh, Scour, and most notably Napster have come under fire for infringing on copyright laws and regulations. One important ethical and legal question that has been raised is, who holds the rights to these properties. On the plaintiffs side they argue that the original creator of these intellectual properties holds the copyright and is the only one that can determine how and where these properties will be used. On the defendants side they argue that they are nothing more than a file sharing utility. Napster states that they provide a service to people to share files. Napster's argument is that they cannot be held responsible if their users engage in illegal copyright infringement and that Napster should not be held liable. However the Recording industry of America feels that Napster is nothing more than a tool, which makes the lucrative industry of copyright infringement easier."
Abstract Technical discussion of toxic properties of various weapons. Purpose of producing physiological or physical effects on enemy forces. Modern origin in use of mustard gas in World War I. Describes blistering agents (vesicants), nerve gas, VX, Soman, B2, toxins and allergens. Treaties to prevent use of chemical weapons. The Geneva Protocol of 1925 and the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993.
From the Paper "Chemical weapons use the toxic properties of chemicals to produce physical or physiological effects, usually on enemy forces during wars (FAS-Introduction, 2001). Although they have been used throughout history, chemical weapons are thought of as originating during World War I with the use of mustard gas by both sides. In 1925, the Geneva Protocol was signed which prohibited the use of chemical weapons in warfare, but several nations who signed the pact, including the United States, did so with the proviso that they reserved the right to retaliate in kind if chemical weapons were used against them. Neither side used chemical weapons during World War II. Common agents in use are: the blood agents arsine, cyanogen chloride and hydrogen chloride; the choking agents chlorine, diphosgene, PFIB and phosgene; nerve agents GA (tabun), GB (sarin), GD (soman), GE, GF, V..."
Abstract This paper discusses how programming computer architecture includes the instruction set, memory organization and input/output structure and how at the machine level making use of this structure is cryptic and tedious. Operating systems are therefore implemented to serve this function. It looks at how the computers in use between 1945 and 1955 were massive, costly entities driven by unreliable vacuum tubes and how all programming was done in machine language because the computer industry had not yet advanced far enough to need operating systems. It analyzes how the development of the transistor in the middle of the 1950s made computers considerably more reliable and smaller, looks at the batch systems that were used from from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s and the new computer architecture using LSI (large scale integration) developed in the 1980's. It follows the development of the different operating systems to move with the advancement in technology from DOS for to Linux , Unix and Windows.
From the Paper "Technicians next addressed the problem of the need for a simple protection scheme and created one by which certain memory (found where the monitor resides) was made off-limits to user programs, which prevented user programs from corrupting the monitor. To keep user programs from reading too many (or not enough) cards, the hardware was changed, allowing the computer to operate in one of two modes: one for the monitor, and one for the user programs. IO could only be performed in monitor mode, meaning that IO requests from the user programs were passed to the monitor. To prevent an infinite loop from developing, a timer was added to the system and modifications were made so that a maximum execution time for the job was passed to the monitor. The computer would then interrupt the job and return control to the monitor when this time was exceeded ("Operating Systems History")."
Abstract The author of this paper presents the argument for censorship on the internet, with a definite lean towards the negative side of the argument. The writer believes that those who try to censor the internet have in fact aimed their weapons at the wrong enemy. The paper explains the difference between the internet and the world wide web, with the internet being an older larger infrastructure and the www simply being a small part of its functionality. The writer therefore concludes that in fact it is not the internet which needs censoring but the aspects which belong on the web.
From the Paper "The sides are divided unequally in the continuing debate over "should we, or shouldn"t we?? And the choice of these two authors to argue against was based not because of the weakness of their arguments, or the irrationality of their defenses, but simply because they proved to be the least offensive of the readings offered in the particular section of the textbook."
Tags: technology, hitech, world, wide, web, pornography, communication
