This paper discusses that Latin America, a hybrid culture of traditions and modernities on a heterogeneous continent, is being changed by the process of globalization.
Abstract This paper discusses that globalization in Latin America uses many methods to build an autonomous modern culture rather than traditional evolution from traditional cultures to modernity. This paper presents the primary role of information and communication technology in generating and promoting hybrid cultures, economic growth and new forms of political participation and community. The author points out that Latin America is among the fastest areas for growth for the internet which brings the rest of the globe to this continent.
From the Paper "Everyone, even skeptics, is amazed by the capabilities of this information access power. A single keyword can bring in many thousand sites on almost any field of concern ? food, travel, business, persons, entertainment, most anything. Web surfers can also choose the language of the material they are looking for. What used to be confidential communications can now be accessed, viewed and even downloaded. What does this magnificent voyage through cyberspace mean to Latin America? Everett begins with Francisco Sagasti's notion of a "global fractured order" in evaluating the implications of the internet on Latin America. Sagasti views the current age as characterized by a global but not integrated order. Through it, most people get in touch with one another, while simultaneously maintaining differences between groups of countries. Through it, a large portion of the world's population is separated and deprived of the benefits gained by scientific advances and technological progress. Everett states that information does not always insure progress, nor integration assure equality."
Tags: city, continent, evolution, growth, community
Abstract This paper discusses the idea of providing movies for download over the internet which has already been entertained by Walt Disney Corporation and Sony Pictures. It first looks at the practicality of the issue and then examines the potential problems of piracy. It concludes with an analysis of how this phenomenon could economically impact brick and mortar companies.
From the Paper "Though the movie industry believes that significant profits can be made from Internet downloading the industry does face several challenges. One of the major issues surrounding movie downloads is the amount of Broadband that is available to consumers. Multichannel News explains, ?the flight to the Internet has been fraught with turbulence. While broadband growth has been steady, distribution isn't large enough to crack into Hollywood's lucrative sequential window distribution system.? (Stump) To combat this challenge the movie industry has began to focus on caching, streaming and content delivery network issues that effect broadband technology. Broadcasting & Cable reports that broadband technology is vital to the ability of consumers to download movies from the Internet. Not only does the technology provide fast and efficient downloads but the quality of the movies is excellent. The magazine explains, ?broadband Internet pipelines -- with some additional network enhancements -- are capable of delivering sound and images virtually indistinguishable from a broadcast TV signal.? ("Now Playing at Your Local Internet Portal: Movies on the Internet") However, the magazine concedes that the impact of millions of users downloading movies to the Internet's infrastructure is unknown. ("Now Playing at Your Local Internet Portal: Movies on the Internet")."
Abstract This paper examines how the last decade of the past century has opened up an almost unbelievable world for the ordinary citizens of the world and how the internet has connected people and businesses across the globe. It looks at how this new-world of computers and high technology has created a virtual wonderland for criminals and how a new wave of crime has evolved involving computer hackers, computer viruses, identity theft, e-mail fraud and countless other high-tech crimes. It also discusses how the advent of technology has allowed for ease of maintaining order over high-tech transgressions with such developments as instantaneous court transcripts and global satellite monitoring to keep track of probationers.
From the Paper "High-tech crime is a global problem, crossing the boundaries of countries around the world and making it difficult for law enforcement to find the source. The European Union has been taking steps during the last few years to "fight harmful and illegal content on the Internet, to protect intellectual property and personal data, to promote electronic commerce and the use of electronic signatures and to enhance the security of transactions" (EU pg). Agencies in the United States and Europe are setting up communication networks that will enable countries to share vital information regarding cyber-crime. EU Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs considers cyber-crime a main priority to "establish an area of freedom, security and justice in Europe" (EU pg).
The Federal Bureau of Investigation provides links on its web site for consumers to report Internet fraud, as well as other consumer protection web sites that provide information regarding fraud protection (Internet pg)."
Abstract This paper discusses how the unprecedented growth of information technology has greatly altered our business perceptions and how the internet revolution has affected almost all spheres of life. It evaluates how e-commerce has evolved from the shell and is blossoming as an efficient, effective and economical way of conducting business and briefly analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this emerging mode of business.
Outline
Introduction
Advantages of E-commerce
Low Cost High Return
Targeted Marketing
Efficient Inventory Management
Online Banking
Disadvantages
Security
Hacking
Loss of Privacy
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "The potential global customer base, which Ecommerce guarantees, is something, which is unprecedented in the history of marketing world. Today even a small company can have a global reach out thanks to the all-pervasive nature of the Internet technology. The value chains or the organizations are more streamlined in Ecommerce and this results in increased efficiency, elimination of redundancy and prompt customer care. Similarly from the customers point of view Ecommerce offers him a wide variety of choices as he can check for products from companies all over the world and do his shopping right from the comfort of his home."
Abstract The paper looks at the new direction in which crime is moving, with the use of cyber-technology to carry out illegal activity and the problems this causes for law enforcement agencies. The paper discusses the international nature of cyber-crime, since the internet does not recognize national boundaries. The paper also examines ways of overcoming these challenges, such as using computer forensics and sophisticated monitoring systems.
From the Paper "During the last century, crime was fought much as it had always been, in reality, banks were robbed in person, embezzlement was usually committed by employees, and mail fraud involved the postal service (Radcliffe pg). Today, however, the criminal is unseen and unknown. Although, computers and the Internet have opened a new world of communication for consumers, it has also opened a playground for criminal activity. Felonies are now committed thousands of miles from the actual crime scene. Criminals are using computers to embezzle corporations and financial institutions, launder money, traffic drugs, and distribute child pornography (Radcliffe pg)."
Tags: identity, theft, software, hackers, communication
Abstract The paper examines the nature and purpose of the "Verichip", a rice-size microchip that is implanted under the skin for a variety of monitoring and security purposes. The paper analyzes how the fundamental concept of a right to privacy is jeopardized by the makers of this chip, allowing one's daily activities to be continually monitored.
From the Paper "Implanted microchips have been used for years to track pets. The Federal Food and Drug Administration ruled that the chip is not a regulated device under their jurisdiction as long as it is used only for security, financial and personal identification purposes. The chip is regulated however, if it contains any type of medical information about the person who it is implanted in."
Abstract This paper examines how for the last several years, the recording industry has been battling to stop on-line music-swapping. It looks at how the battle began over Napster and has expanded to take on Napster's descendants. It evaluates how despite the abundance of evidence suggesting that on-line music-swapping actually boosts record sales, the recording industry feels that this practice robs them of potential profits. It looks at how client-to-client file-swapping software already exists and how in many cases it is open source. It shows that shutting down individual sites is only a temporary set-back to the overall music-swapping community, which can quickly move on to another site with the same basic code. It discusses how the battle for control continues because the recording industry continues to attempt to control what it sees as its rightful domain (recorded music) without realizing that it is mistakenly battling for control of the uncontrollable (the advance of technology in general and the internet in specific).
From the Paper "However, the recording industry quickly found that killing Napster did it precious little good. The time they had spent in court, and the apparent impending demise of Napster had already spawned numerous look-alikes such as AudioGalaxy. The recording industry began to go after those as well. However, not all of them were susceptible to the sort of lawsuits that brought down Napster. Napster had functioned through a centralized server that catalogued the MP3 collections of its users, and then put them in contact with other users who wish to copy something from that collection. However, many of Napster's descendants were either decentralized or less centralized file-swapping programs. Gnutella, for example, does not keep a centralized library, but rather maintains a spiderweb of networks through which a request is sent by individual users to individual users. Programs such as this, which have no centralized "command" and are not affiliated with a single company are almost impossible to sue or shut down."
Abstract This paper provides a brief biography of Michael Dell, the founder of the Dell Computers Corporations. It discusses Dell's humble beginnings and how he managed to build up a small enterprise into a leading computer company in the industry today.
From the Paper "He began selling computers out of his dorm root at the University of Texas and invented one of the successful ideas in the modern computer history, of selling computers directly to the customers built to the needs and in accordance with the choice of the customers without the added cost of the retail distributors. This unique idea proved to be one of the most successful in the history of business and adopted by other computer manufacturers who are struggling to keep up with Dell Computers Corporations phenomenal success. No prize for guessing the name, Michael Dell's name has become a brand name, which is trusted by millions of customers around the world."
Abstract The advent of the Internet and the information explosion has drastically altered our lives, with e-commerce becoming an important aspect of any business venture. However, all the comforts and the advantages that e-commerce offers are not without some inherent problems. The paper shows that while the global reach-out that that the internet promises makes it highly appealing, the unanimous nature and open network of the web makes it all the more difficult to control the possible exploitation and infringement of intellectual property. The paper discusses these ethical and legal issues and how they affect business conducted on the Internet.
Paper Outline:
Need for Protecting Intellectual Property
The Laws Governing Intellectual Property
Copyright Laws
Trademarks
Patenting
The Regulatory Medium
Evolving Global Regulatory Environment
Conclusion
From the Paper "The World intellectual property organization located in Geneva is striving to create a common regulatory mechanism worldwide to govern ecommerce and the issues pertaining to the protection of intellectual property. The organization has evolved guidelines concerning intellectual property in context of the different legislations in the different member countries in the world. As such, it is fairly obvious that the intricacies and complex legalities involved in establishing a global Internet enterprise has proved to be a barrier for firms to go all out in to establishing their ecommerce venture. It is pretty clear that the immense potential of ecommerce rests on the possibility of a creating and adhering to a global regulatory environment. This is only possible if the governments from the different countries agree to design and stick to a single regulatory framework, as a guideline for legal action. [WIPO]"
Abstract This paper discusses the open system interconnection (OSI) model, a critical component in the proliferation of computer networks in the work environment. It provides a definition of the model and looks at how the open system interconnection is used to implement protocols in seven layers by analyzing each of the layers in turn. The seven layers are: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link and physical.
From the Paper "During the second phase of the application layer involves network redirection. ?The Network Redirector is a TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident) program: it presents the network hard disk as another local hard disk to the CPU.? ("Introduction to Networking: and Data Communications") The purpose of the network redirector is to find out whether or not a local or network drive is being requested. The network redirector then proceeds to pass on the request for a local driver to DOS and a request for the network driver to the network operating system. ("Introduction to Networking: and Data Communications") Network Aware applications such as client server databases, email, remote logons and file and printer servers are all components of the application layer."
Abstract This paper examines how understanding the importance of good requirements and managing them well can be the biggest factor in keeping the cost low and improving the success rate of software projects. It looks at how good requirements start with an active project leader who can handle changes, customers who understand their role in the process and stay involved till the very end and developers understand the customer's business needs. It also shows how an integrated team-based approach from both customers and developers will result in good software and a successful software project.
Outline
Stakeholders Conflicts
Vague Requirements
Skills that do not Match the Project
What Managers Perceive
Risks Associated with Inaccurate Estimating and Schedule Planning
Risks Associated With External Schedule Pressures Which Damage Quality
Requirements Management Step-by-Step
From the Paper "In the past, a certain rate of failures was acceptable but with the current economic conditions granted better budgets, developers are doing a better job of managing both the software requirements and the software projects. In the software development team, the project leader is given the task of collecting the information that is essential for the team to understand the requirements of the project. The information is collected through various methods, such as, interview, surveys, and questionnaires. The people taken into consideration while collecting information are the end-user, the paying customer, and indirect users of the system, management, developers, system architects, and quality assurance staff. The information is contained in a document called the requirements document, which contains thesis about the testing, developing and information about the systems acceptance."
Abstract This paper discusses the ever-changing standards for network access control and the issues for encryption and authentication, as well as challenges presented by handheld devices, Radio Frequency leakage, and rogue wireless LAN access. It explains how, in order to achieve wireless security, companies need to understand the risks and limitations and then implement a strategy that helps mitigate these problems.
From the Paper "All companies will need to be concerned with wireless LAN security, irregardless of whether they have policies that forbid wireless use or transmit only non-sensitive data. For the present, the best that companies can do is to mitigate risks to acceptable levels; it's impossible to eliminate them completely. This is primarily because the 802.1X standards is still maturing as are authentication procedures, handheld device security, RF leakage prevention and rogue wireless LAN access monitoring.
Companies should consider supplementing 802.1X's encryption with either VPNs or other proprietary wireless encryption solutions due to the inadequacies of WEP and TKIP. The authentication of 802.1 provided by RADIUS and EAP/TLS is markedly better than the encryption, but nothing can totally prevent password theft. Passwords are in issue in the wired world, but are even more problematic in wireless environments because of issues related to handheld devices and unsecured wireless access. Biometrics is in the early stages of adoption as a way to overcome password breaches."
Abstract As technology becomes increasingly user-friendly and focused on the consumer, it is evident that users have become more dependent on wireless technological devices as mechanisms that promote convenience, survival and economic prosperity. This study demonstrates the absolute importance of personal and business forms of wireless technology in today's increasingly complex society. Various books, periodicals and research journal articles are used to summarize the history of communications leading up to the arrival of wireless technology and also provide a detailed description of the most commonly used wireless devices in personal and professional living. Furthermore, a list of common terms frequently used in wireless technology is addressed. In addition, personal experiences demonstrate the significance of wireless devices in daily living. Finally, the researcher provides an analysis of the future outlook for wireless technology and its continued significance in all areas of livelihood, particularly in advanced industrial countries. The paper includes tables.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
The Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of the Study
Chapter 2: Review of the Related Literature
Introduction
Origin of Wireless Networking Technology
What is Wireless Technology
Applications for Wireless Technology
Cellular Technology
Wireless Security
User Perceptions of Wireless Technology
The Future of Wireless Technology
The Impact of Wireless Technology on Global Communications
Summary of Chapter 2
Chapter 3: Methodology
Approach
Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Validity of Data
Originality & Limitations of Data
Summary of Chapter 3
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper "Wireless networks provide users with an effective means of communication with a corporate network or a personal user interface in the home that permits access to the Internet through such devices as laptop computers, cellular phones, and personal digital assistants. Following the development of the IEEE 802.11b standard or WiFi (Wireless Fidelity), countless wireless network cards and wireless access points with data rates up to 54 million bits per second have been manufactured and marketed for sale across the globe (Blosser, 2002). In addition, cellular technology has developed 2.5G systems that add digital capability to existing digital systems. Finally, wireless local area networks (WLANs) are one of the fastest growing wireless segments in the industry. The IEEEE 802.11b WLAN connections are very common in home networking technologies and wireless Internet access points (Frenzel, 2002)."
Reviews "European Business Journal", article "E-Customer Loyalty: Applying the Traditional Rules of Business for Online Success" by Frederick F. Reichheld, Robert G. Markey, Jr. and Christopher Hopton.
Abstract This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes an article on e-customer loyalty. It looks at the article's view of creating and maintaining a loyal customer base, its discussion of the impact of the internet on business, and the reasons provided for the failures of many on-line businesses. The paper consists of a one-page synopsis and two-page critique of the article.
From the Paper "This article goes into detail about what many consumers have known for a long time. The most successful merchants, both online and off, are those who recognize the importance of developing a good relationship with their customers, thereby creating customer loyalty and greater profits for their company. The paper argues that many online merchants do not recognize that many brick-and-mortar business rules still apply to their businesses online. "They often forget that the fundamental rules of successful business still apply" (Reichheld et al 173). The article goes on to discuss two particular companies foray into e-commerce, and their experience with building a profitable company online. It continues with information on how to build customer loyalty, and identify your customer. It also provides ideas on how to build trust, get to know your customer, and empower your organization to develop great customer relationships."
Tags: succesful, merchants, online, customers, e-commerce, internet, boo.com, service
Abstract This paper puts forth a plan for implementing, most successfully, the "No Child Left Behind Act of 2001". It suggests that the best way to achieve the objective of this Act, i.e., closing the achievement gap between disadvantaged and struggling students and their peers, is by ensuring that all the components for successful integration of technology are in place. The paper suggests that the primary ethical concerns of access, attitude, training, and support must be addressed before moving on to the more popular topic of integrating instructional technology into the classroom. The paper then goes on to discuss the different concepts and approaches considered when trying to improve instructional technology.
From the Paper "Once the vital components are in place, the focus for identifying successful technology integration can move to the planning of activities that take place in the classroom. The first thing to consider, of course, is how the technology fits into the local, state, and national standards. Different districts have approached this in varying ways. In the state of Georgia, for example, state technology standards for students have been written into the state Quality Core Curriculum right alongside the standards for all other subjects (Georgia Learning Connections, 2001). Whatever the method used to identify the skills needed, it is most often left to the teachers to create meaningful technology lessons. If access, training, and support all exist, the teacher can successfully introduce technology into the classroom. However, simply sitting students at computers to do repetitive activities is not appropriate."
