Abstract This paper examines the ongoing and evolving process of selling and disseminating music through the Internet. The author discusses how such activity has provoked a number of economic as well as artistic debates for the music business and for the computer and technology businesses that allow such technology to be accessed. This paper particularly focuses on the anti-trust issues that have arisen over the course of this debate.
From the Paper "First of all, the issue of disseminating music over the Internet provokes the perplexing question of who really "owns" the commercial product of a pieces of music, anyway? Is the owner the person or persons who simply hear the tune and keep humming it? Is the owner the musician who produces the product? Or are the owners the music companies musicians have signed artistic rights to? Clearly, to survive musicians must be able to charge for the product they produce, and the companies have control over the specifics of how to market that product. But once a song is in the public sphere, do not consumers have a right to "pass on" that music product in ways that they see fit, even if those ways may inhibit the sales of recordings of that music?"
Abstract This is a review of an article by Spencer E. Ante, and Ira Sager, titled "IBM's New Boss" that appeared in the February 11, 200 issue of "Business Week." This article informs the reader about the new management styles and plans of IBM's newly chosen CEO, Samuel Palmisano. The author gives us a brief biography of Palmisano and some history of IBM before detailing some of the possible policy changes that may come about with Palmisano taking the helm of the company.
From the Paper "Palmisano is apparently something of a workaholic, scheduling weekly instead of monthly or quarterly meetings. He demands that in times of crunch, managers work from 7 am to 9 PM. He expects weekly e-mail updates, and always answers his own email. He has personally managed all but two divisions within the corporation, and made advances and innovations in each. Often small changes have had good results, such as his decision to change the commission pay scale from a "per size of deal" system to one, which was based on the eventual revenues and profits from any given sale. That one change alone catapulted revenues from 14.9 billion dollars to 22.9 billion."
Abstract This paper examines the reasons behind the current growing popularity of the "object-oriented approach" in programming and as a result the lessening of popularity of the "structured" approach. The advantages of both forms of programming are examined. The "software crisis" that prompted this changeover is also examined. A number of case studies are presented, illustrating the use of object-oriented languages and programs with attention to what it is about object-oriented design that makes it so attractive currently for use in developing information systems.
From the Paper "In the past two decades, and now occurring at an ever-faster rate, a vast collection of computer software has been designed to help people organize different kinds of information in the most efficient way possible. This paper examines one of the most important developments to have come out of this push for increasingly sophisticated information systems: The shift from structured approach to an object-oriented approach."
Abstract This paper evaluates the effect that the Internet has had on the healthcare industry and the allocated finances for this new emerging branch of the healthcare industry. It examines the trend of remote health care, the flood of medical information available on the net and the possible pooling of resources now available through the internet.
From the Paper "Telemedicine, a new emerging form of healthcare service, is being provided in this age of multimedia and technological advances. Telemedicine enables the provision of healthcare services by experts in any field of medicine via the primary care provider to patients in remote regions of the world or those without access to advanced medical facilities.
"The Internet is used in telemedicine for the transmission of data in the form of text, sound, digital imaging and video-conferencing to primary care providers who then dispense medical advice and recommendations to the patient. In France, a pilot project undertaken by the Assistance Publique - H?pitaux de Paris (Tabet & Angehrn, 1997) for neuro-surgical emergencies revealed telemedicine as promising both for clinical and research purposes."
Tags: health, medicine, technology, advancement, internet
Abstract This paper examines this medical technology which has been in use since the first astronauts took off in the 1960's and has developed at a very rapid pace since the hype of the Internet. It looks at its effectiveness both from a budget point of view and the quality of treatment. The benefits of this trend are also discussed.
From the Paper "Telemedicine began in the early 1960's when the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) first put men in space. Physiological measurements of the astronauts were monitored from both the spacecraft and the space suits during NASA space flights. In the 21st century, patients can be scheduled, seen, diagnosed, receive follow up care, rehabilitation, and patient education through telemedicine. Internet accessibility, together with rapidly evolving technology, makes telemedicine increasingly efficient."
A business plan presented to the British Government for the establishment of an electronic university following proposals by the government for a boost in the higher education figures in the country.
Abstract In this business plan a proposal for the establishment of an electronic university in Britain is put forth. The business plan includes an introduction, and an extensive discussion of the specifics of the plan. Following this, the options, benefits, costs, impact and risks are outlined. A financial case for the electronic university is presented, along with a recommendation for the implementation of the electronic university concept.
From the Paper "This proposal for the development of an electronic university resulted from several, salient considerations. First, the British Government has set a goal of encouraging half of British citizens, over the age of thirty, to participate in higher education by the end of the year 2010. This ambitious and admirable higher education initiative will require the re-education of a significant portion of the existing workforce within Britain.
"This governmental higher education initiative is designed to meet the current explosion of jobs that require highly skilled and educated workers. Accordingly, the jobs that require a lower skill set are decreasing at a similar level. As a result, the British government has developed initiatives to try to increase the number of skilled workers within the British population, in order to support economic growth, especially in high tech industries within Britain."
Abstract This paper is an in-depth overview of the Internet and the how the use of E-Commerce has developed beyond most people's imagination. The author presents and discusses the many different types of E-Commerce, including its use by both academicians and governments. The role the Internet plays in one's everyday life is discussed, presenting both the positive and negative outcomes of this usage. The author also addresses the issues of safety and accessibility of personal information that is now found on the Internet as a result of increased use.
From the Paper "While there are numerous advantages of e-commerce, there are also many disadvantages. According to a survey performed by Commerce.net, the ten biggest issues surrounding e-commerce are: ability to make and receive payments; corporate culture; customer culture; executive awareness; interoperability between e-commerce applications and legacy systems; lack of business models; lack of knowledge or qualified personnel; organization; security and encryption; and trust. In addition, there are practical limitations such as the fact that individuals cannot feel or try on the goods purchased via the Internet. Likewise, e-commerce arguably furthers the increasing de-personalization of human interaction. E-commerce arguably increases the opportunities for deception, fraud, and misleading advertising as the anonymity offered by the Internet makes it increasingly difficult to track an individual down."
Abstract The current IT Service Request system or flow of data is out of date, slow and too dependant on manual interaction such as management approval and outsource hand-off. This project re-engineers the processes of this flow creating a new IT Service Request management system that encompasses the data flow, process flow, automation through information technology and process ownership. Overall, the entire flow of IT service requests are visited to determine where unnecessary steps can be taken out, where steps can be shortened, and where steps can be automated.
From the Paper "The organizational structure of the company is in a traditional tall functional structure. The sub-organizations are split into their respective functional areas such as engineering, human resources, finance, manufacturing, information technology, etc. There are a total of three levels of business separations at the high level of company organizational structure.
The above shown organizational chart represents a sample of the high level corporate structure. At the first level resides the corporation. Next is the separation of independent businesses within the Raytheon Company structure. Finally, the last high level organization is the Business Unit which represents the specialized business areas within the major area of business. For example, Electronic Systems, Raytheon Company deals with all defense electronics technologies. Within the Electronic Systems business, there are several business units such as Missile Systems and Tactical. Within each business unit, there exists an entire structure of functional management. "
Abstract A study of Crytography, the science of mesage encryption. It discusses the history of cryptography and its development during World War II. It discusses the Enigma machine and carefully details its instructions for use. It also discusses cracking the Enigma and includes examples of this in history. This paper analyzes the Enigma and concludes that all codes will eventually be cracked by dedicated and bright Cryptanalysts no matter how complex the algorithm. Also, security is more than just having a brilliant machine. It was not the Enigma that failed in World War II, it was human error.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background and Early Cipher Technology
The Enigma Machine
Receiving Instructions
Cracking the Enigma
Conclusion
From the Paper "Cryptography can thought of as the science of message encryption. The battle between Cryptographers (code makers) and Cryptanalysts (code breakers) has been waged since 3000 BC as each tries to outwit the other. Cryptography is essential in performing secure transactions, governing countries and commanding armies. The threat of messages being decrypted has been the motivation for cryptographers to develop new, more complex algorithms in hopes of temporarily staying one step ahead of the Cryptanalysts. Likewise, the motivation for breaking codes can be the difference between winning a war and losing it. As a result, the coder breakers and their computers rose to prominence during their battle in World War II versus the Enigma cipher machine."
Abstract This paper argues that people in the electronics industry who say little or nothing rarely achieve management positions. To be a successful manager you must be good at vocally encouraging, explaining, motivating, and articulating goals. The field of electronics is very dynamic and technical. Therefore, new design proposals are constantly submitted to advance technology. These business proposals are often presented before an audience. In order to have a high degree of success, it is imperative to sound educated, aware, and credible during a presentation.
From the Paper "The electronics industry is growing more and more complex by the day. The rate of increase in technology is astounding. The number of companies changing management is on the rise. Today's manager must possess the ability to shape, reinforce, or change the responses of customers and top level executives alike. Speaking before an audience with confidence and sincerity is a highly regarded attribute in an employee, not to mention a manager. It could make the difference between an organization winning a contract that generates millions or an organization folding due to the inability to sell it's ideas, concepts, or products. It is evident, as you will read, that the way we communicate verbally, is the basis of how we are perceived. Whether that perception advances your goals or screens you out, is the fine line that we all must tread."
Tags: communications, electronics, oral, presentations, speech, electronics, industry
The following essay examines the way in which adults and children in the United States are dependent on popular culture and the media for their belief systems, concept of socialization, issue of living conditions and learning ability.
Abstract The following paper examines the way in which virtual communities are the result of directed media oriented socialization that is governed by the geo-political policies of nations around the world without the nations being aware of it.
From the Paper "The phrase, 'virtual community', whenever written or read, gives the reader the picture of the postmodern era, to which we all belong. The term was as far as an alien in the dictionaries of most of our ancestors. But today most of us are familiar with the term and probably some are amongst us who are a part of this community. In the recent decades the whole concept of the World has changed and now we term it in phrases like 'global village' e.t.c. All this is related in a very netiquette way with the advancement of technology and, thus, media."
The following paper examines the way in which the reliability and convenience of the new desktop computers contribute to the slower growth in the desktop industry.
Abstract This essay discusses how corporate spending for desktops since the year 2000, seems to be fading away resulting in corporate buyers migrating only toward new appliances. The author concludes this paper by suggesting that the sluggish growth in the desktop industry will remain for several years from 2002 to 2006, as consumers opt for technology substitution and competition forces price cutting.
From the Paper ?The desktop industry has experienced high growth rates in the past due to the increase in demand for computer and other related desktop devices. This growth rate continued to grow till the last few years. In 2000, the revenue figures for the desktop industry reached to the mark of 128 million dollars, a record sales figure. (Worldwide PC Forecast 3) However, the high sales figures were primarily due to the issue of the millennium bug during which companies made their revenues by replacing the outdated equipments with the new ones. In the later period, the sales growth rate declined to a considerable level because of a steep slump in demand as the problem of millennium bug was being solved. This slow growth rate is being anticipated for the coming several years.?
Abstract This paper suggests that one needs to be aware of the dogma of object-oriented programming. Just as many problems have "natural" object-oriented solutions, equally many are best solved in a functional way. The author suggests that the best programs and projects are mostly a mixture of both.
From the Paper ?Data fields and methods are transmitted to the subclasses by their parent and ancestor classes, but the subclasses have the authority to override these with more specific versions. A virtual method is thus defined when it is able to override another, which means that the version chosen will determined at run-time. A wrong version might be used when, for example, one method is called from within another.?
Abstract IPv6 is an expansion and improvement of the existing IPv6 protocol which is inadequate to provide sufficiently for anticipated growth in size and complexity of the Internet. This paper discusses the current situation, why IPv6 is needed and how it will be phased in to ultimately replace its predecessor.
From the Paper "In an environment of constant expansion characterized by change, it is imperative that the underlying infrastructure undergo renewal and enhancement to provide effective support for growth, effective and efficient use, and further development.
"The Internet must respond to explosive growth, high volumes of information, the expansion of e-commerce across a range of new applications, the development of integration capabilities across developing and new formats, new requirements for ensured quality of service, the proliferation of networked resources internationally and the need for secure transmissions."
A look at three major technology platforms for communication: Wireless Access Protocol, General Packet Radio Service, and the third generation Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.
Abstract This paper examines these three main types of platforms for this technology and their suitability with the consumers. Each system is defined and advantages-disadvantages discussed. The writer looks at the compatibility of each system for different services required.
From the Paper "The acronym WAP stands for Wireless Access Protocol. This simply means that it is through WAP the wireless devices communicate. A lot of different types of data can be sent via a WAP. One of the main uses of WAP is in cellular phones and the exchange of data being voice or short messages. WAP is technically compatible with most of the GSM services and clients. There can be either a dedicated WAP server or a traditional web server to "power" the WAP. All these components must communicate with one another, as WAP itself is only a protocol."
