Theories of Nursing

Paper Summary:

The paper discusses the Leininger and Neuman theories of nursing. The paper explains that these theories were selected because they both share a similar philosophy of nursing, but also have important differences and are suited to different situations. The paper offers a brief summary of both theories and analyzes the similarities, the differences and the philosophies the theories are based on. The paper discusses how these theories can be used together and can complement each other. The paper concludes that both theories can be used as tools to help nurses provide individual patient care, with each model serving a different, specific purpose.

Outline:
The Theories and their Similarities
The Philosophies of the Theories
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"One of the similarities of the two theories is that they are both methods of understanding the individual situation for each patient and developing a means of caring that is suitable to the specific patient. In Neuman's theory, nurses look at the physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual factors. In doing so, the nurse gains a detailed understanding of the patient and then bases nursing plans on the information gained on the individual. In Leininger's theory, the nurse focuses on the culture of the individual. This process also provides information on the individual characteristics and needs of the patient. In this way, both theories are based on understanding the unique situation and characteristics for each individual patient."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Barrol, G. M., & Courts, N. F. (2002). Holistic nursing: A handbook for practice. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.
• Chitty, K. K. (2005). Professional nursing: Challenges and concepts. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders.
• Edelman, C. L., & Mandle, C. L. (2006). Health promotion throughout the lifespan. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
• Leininger, M. (1991). Cultural care diversity and universality: A theory of nursing. New York: National League for Nursing Press.
• Leininger, M. (1978). Transcultural nursing: concepts, theories, and practices. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

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