Paper Summary:

The paper compares and contrasts the structure of the political parties in England and the U.S. The paper describes the English Parliament and the American houses of Congress and how a Prime Minister and President are elected. The paper shows how, although both countries' power bases are built on loyalty and obedience to a political machine, unity of the party is more crucial to keep a British politician in power.

From the Paper:

"At approximately the same period in English history the political machinery was in the hands of the Whigs and the Tories. They were not political parties in the classic sense so much as they were close-knit groups of men banded together for mutual benefit, sharing common interests. They were unlike what Americans would think of as a political party today. The industrial revolution was producing a new and moneyed class of people and they gravitated to the Whig party. The old money, the landed gentry, the aristocracy, clung together as Tories. By the middle of the 19th century the two had evolved and the Tories had become the Conservatives while the Whigs were, more naturally, the Liberals (Wikipedia)."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Hofstadter, R. The American Political Tradition. New York: Alfred Knopf, Inc. 1948
• Milkis, S. and Nelson, M. The American Presidency. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Books. 2003
• Washington, G. Farewell Address Boston: The Independent Chronicle. 1796<http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/farewell/ >
• Whiting, R. The Labour Party and Taxation Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press 2000
• Wikipedia retrieved 11-7-2006<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Whig_Party>

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