Paper Summary:

This paper discusses all aspects of accounting theory and the history of regulation in the accounting profession that has been implemented as a result of notable financial accounting scandals. It analyzes and synthesizes the normative and positive accounting theories, beginning with the historical background of each theory and a discussion of the suggested changes and problem areas revealed in the debate. It also analyzes the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in relation to the conceptual framework and concludes with recommendations toward an appropriate course of action.

Outline:
Introduction
Historical Development of Normative and Positive Accounting Theories
Current GAAP Discussion
Positive Accounting Theory vs. Normative Accounting Theory
Changes and Problems Revealed in the Debate
GAAP Analyzation and History in relation to Conceptual Framework
Recommendations for Course of Action
Conclusion

From the Paper:

"In the past few decades, accounting theory has slowly evolved; as a result, various research methodologies have been utilized to study the development of accounting theory. As accounting theory has developed, debates have emerged regarding the manner in which financial theory should be developed and applied in the accounting profession. This has been essentially a normative, philosophical exercise, imposing a view of how actuarial practice should progress (Thomas & Smith, 1997). In recent years, the differences in application between normative versus positive accounting theories have become the subject of much debate, raising the awareness of those involved in the accounting profession. The underlying basis of normative theory is that it assists in standardizing the practice and thus facilitates the teaching of practice in a more coherent manner. The underlying basis of positive theory is intellectual justification; models are derived from observed behavior."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Deloitte. (2007). IFRSs and US GAAP. March 2007.
• Fleming, R., Graci, S. & Thompson, J. (2000). Dawning of the Age of Quantitative/Empirical Methods in Accounting Research. The Accounting Historians Journal. (June 2000).
• Gaffikin, M. (2007). Regulation as Accounting Theory. Retrieved July 20, 2007, from http://www..uod.edu.
• Mattessich, R. (1995). Critique of Accounting: Examination of the Foundations and Normative Structure of an Applied Discipline. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
• Milne, M. (2001). Positive Accounting Theory, Political Costs and social Disclosure Analyses: A Critical Outlook. University of Otago, New Zealand Working Paper.

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