Individualism/Collectivism on Learning

Paper Summary:

This paper uses the research of Geert Jan Hofstede (1991), who identified four cultural dimensions that can be used to classify different cultures. These include: power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, and uncertainty avoidance. These four dimensions allow the social researcher to compare and contrast different societies with the ultimate goal of bringing about a greater shared understanding. According to this paper, Hofstede's has a useful application in how members from different cultures learn. This paper looks at Hofstede's dimension of individualism versus collectivism and explains its relevance to learning as well as the impact on classroom behaviour. Specifically, the paper compares the United States, a very individualistic society, with that of Taiwan, one of the most collective societies in respect to differences in learning styles and attitude.

From the Paper:

"One aspect noted that impacts learning and classroom behaviour is what happens after the lecture or class is over. The highly individualistic American students immediately left the classroom, while the collectivist international students stayed behind or met to discuss the class. This post class discussion was necessary as part of the collectivist student's assimilation of the knowledge. Additionally it built the necessary rapport between students of the international backgrounds that went beyond the classrooms. Relationships were developed (Lee, Bei, DeVaney 2007). This is an important part of the collectivist learning experience. According to Hofstede (1991), it is considered more appropriate to speak out in a small group, rather than the larger classroom. This is in stark contrast to the individualist learning style of assimilation in the larger group and/or via independent study."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Hofstede, G. 1991. Culture and organisations. Harper Collins.
• Hofstede, G. 1980. Culture's consequences: international differences in work-related values. Sage.
• ITIM website. Retrieved 3 August 2008. Available at (http://www.geert-hofstede.com.
• Lee, A., Bei, L., DeVaney, S. 2007. Acculturation experiences of Taiwanese students during exchanges in the United States. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences. Vol. 99, Iss. 4: 56-61. Retrieved 2 August 2008 from http://www.proquest.com.
• Triandis, H. 1995. Individualism and collectivism. Westview. Retrieved 2 August 2008 from http://www.proquest.com.

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