Environmental Movements

Paper Summary:

The paper provides definitions of ecofeminism, pluralism and environmental pragmatism and explains their respective missions. The paper also discusses the criticisms of and challenges facing these philosophies. The paper shows how these movements all have the main goal of bringing the cause of environmentalism to the public's attention, but they pursue this goal through different methods.

Outline:
Descriptions and Definitions
Environmental Ethics
Difficulties and Challenges
Summary

From the Paper:

"Ecofeminism, or ecological feminism, was a phrase coined in 1973. It is a philosophy and movement that believes the domination and oppression of women and abuse against the environment and other species to be closely interrelated. It can be looked at as the juxtaposition of two movements. As support, some point to linguistic similarities in the oppression of women and nature such as "rape the land" or "tame nature."
"Ecofeminists may criticize western lifestyle choices which routinely destroy nature, sometimes for frivolous reasons, like golf courses. Some blame patriarchy, in that the male-dominated society has led to a dominator culture, resulting in technology via the exploitation of land and women."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Katkin, Wendy F. & Landsman, Net, Beyond Pluralism: The Conception of Groups and Group Identities in America. (1998). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
• Keller, Catherine, "Dark Vibrations: Ecofeminism and the Democracy of Creation." (April 6, 2005) Annual Howard Harrod/CRSC Lecture at Vanderbilt
• Light, Andrew, "Environmental Pragmatism." (n.d.). In Inside Binghamton University. Retrieved May 4, 2007 from http://inside.binghamton.edu/September-October/15Oct98/environ.html
• Mintz, Joel A., Some Thoughts on the Merits of Pragmatism as a Guide to Environmental Protection, (n.d.). Retrieved May 4, 2007 from
• Parker, Kelly A., "Pragmatism and Environmental Thought." (1996). In Environmental Pragmatism. Edited by Light, Andrew & Katz, Eric. New York: Routledge.

More papers on Environmental Movements:

• Essay # 84292 : "Rise of the Environmental Movement "
• Book Review # 134885 : "Labor and the Environmental Movement"
• Term Paper # 124728 : "Environmental Issues and Movements in India"

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