China & Japan - Pre WWII Modernization

Paper Summary:

This paper discusses the pre-WWII modernization in China and Japan in four aspects: industrialization, agricultural modernization, modernization of communication, and modernization of thought. The author gives a background study on both countries and compares their development of modernization.

Outline:
Introduction
Japan and China Compared
Modernization Compared

From the Paper:

"Fighting over little bits of Chinese land and large shares of control over her goods and demands for goods frequently ended in China becoming occupied by various nations, to protect their own interests from other European powers. One example is the initial occupation of Macao, where the British were concerned over the interest of France, under Napoleon in the territory, so they simply occupied and controlled it. China fought western infiltration, at the same time that she to some degree welcomed the trade in a bid toward seeking to sell surpluses in an increasingly modernized society. Yet, Opium and China's resistance to foreign influence was exceedingly challenging and from a western point of view led to the delays in modernization. It is interesting that one must consider value judgments here as the perspective of the west was that China's resistance led to reduced internal modernization, from a western perspective and a demonstrative difference between China and Japan in the development of modernization prior to WWII."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Black, Cyril E., et al. The Modernization of Inner Asia. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1991.
• "1 China's Coastal Cities as Development andModernization Agents: An Overview." China's Coastal Cities: Catalysts for Modernization. Ed. Yue-Man Yeung and Xu-Wei Hu. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1992. 1-24.
• "China." The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2004.
• "Meiji Restoration." The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2004.
• Kiely, Ray. Industrialization and Development: A Comparative Analysis. London: UCL Press, 1998.

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