Abstract This paper offers a summary and analysis of the 1848 Communist Manifesto written by Marx and Engels. It discusses issues of class structure and the proletariat revolution. It also mentions the formation of the Communist League.
From the Paper "In the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development in Europe (OECD) detailed the growing gap between the incomes of the rich and poor in OECD member states. In particular the study concluded that the poorest percent of the population in the countries examined received only two percent of the national income while the richest percent of the population received ..."
Tags:communist manifesto, karl marx, friedrich engels
Abstract This paper examines how the analysis of the social foundations of political support is of interest not only to democratic politicians but also to revolutionary leaders. It looks at how although movements such as Mao Tse tung's Chinese Communist Party cannot be considered democratic in the western sense, the Chinese Communists at least prior to 1949 depended upon mobilizing a mass base of support among the population for the movement's continuing survival.
From the Paper "The analysis of the social foundations of political support is of interest not only to democratic politicians but also to revolutionary leaders. Although movements such as Mao Tse-tung's Chinese Communist Party cannot be considered democratic in the western sense, the Chinese Communists - at least prior to 1949 - depended upon mobilizing a mass base of support among the population for the movement's continuing survival. "
Abstract This paper examines how, given the central role played by the Communist Party in the history of China in the 20th century, the analysis by the Communist leadership of the social foundations for the party s political support would clearly be of great interest to scholars and students of Chinese society and culture during this period. From this perspective this paper attempts a comparative analysis of two documents written by Mao Tse tung while still a young revolutionary in the 1920s.
From the Paper "Given the central role played by the Communist Party in the history of China in the 20th century, the analysis by the Communist leadership of the social foundations for the party's political support would clearly be of great interest to scholars and students of Chinese society and culture during this period. From this perspective, this paper will attempt a comparative analysis of two documents written by Mao Tse-tung while still a young revolutionary in the 1920s."
Abstract This paper is a discussion of social inequality and class struggle, as they relate to the history of modern society laid out in Karl Marx's "Communist Manifesto". The paper examines Marx's vision of history as a class struggle.
From the Paper "In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx lays out his vision of history. According to Marx, the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. The divisions and struggles between classes and the fundamental inequality that underpin..."
Tags: marx, engel, communism, communist manifesto, class struggle
Abstract This paper discusses how the causes that brought about the fall of the Berlin Wall and the monolithic Communist empire run deep. It cites the beginning of the fall as 1985 with new Soviet leaders such as Gorbachev followed by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
From the Paper "The political polemics and economic theories and the geopolitical analyses of the fall of Communism and the break-up of the Soviet Union fill shelves with cruel crimes committed for the party ..."
Tags:Communist International relationships. History Economics Politics, Berlin Wall, Soviet, Gorbachev
Abstract This paper begins by looking at how the French Communist Party enjoyed such great power and influence in the years following World War II. It then examines why this strength has waned in the past 50 years including the constitutional changes of 1958, the failure of the Communist-Socialist alliance, the decreasing relevance of Communist policies, the increase in working class affluence and the fall of Communist regimes elsewhere.
From the Paper "The PCF enjoyed its greatest levels of popularity between 1946-1958. During this time, the Communists were helped greatly by a number of features of French politics and society. For instance, French democracy was far from solid following the revival of numerous undemocratic ideas during the Vichy regime, and indeed, Communism was not perceived as quite so radical a Left Wing force immediately following the Second World War. Therefore, it was possible for the PCF to destabilise the fragile, unstable coalition governments that existed until 1958. In addition, a Left Wing split existed in France at this time, which ensured that the Communists had no significant Left Wing opposition to contend with, and similarly, the PCF's foreign policies tended to be very similar to those of the powerful Gaullist Party of the 1950s and 60s, which would again allow them to appear less radical a party."
Abstract This paper discusses Ronald J. Hill and Peter Frank's book "The Soviet Communist Party" which attempts to introduce the West to the finer points of Communist Party rule in the Soviet Union. It examines the book topic by topic and looks at how the authors manage to put across details of the organizations, institutions, legal structures and personnel of the Communist system. It evaluates how the authors link much of their discussion directly to historical events and time periods, giving the reader a sense of how their topic relates to the real world.
From the Paper "Under "Party Membership" the authors give attention to the details of party membership, including seeking such membership, the documents involved, the assessment of candidates, and the significance of achieving party membership. Membership involved certain obligations as well as benefits. Among the obligations were learning the principles of "communist morality," including identification with the concept of the collective, with respect for the working man, with comradely cooperation, patriotism, and the struggle against bourgeois ideology. The member was also expected to set an example to others, fulfill obligations to the party, and remain devoted to the cause."
This paper discusses the way in which religion was used to help maintain power with reference to two works: "Uncle Tom's Cabin" and the "Communist Manifesto".
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, 2001, $ 57.95
Abstract The following paper looks at two works: "Uncle Tom's Cabin" and the "Communist Manifesto". The way in which religion was used to help maintain power will be discussed with reference to these two works. The fundamental similarities and differences between these two books will be drawn upon.
From the paper:
" Although Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe and the Communist Manifesto were written at about the same point in history, they are markedly different books. Although one was a fictional novel and one a philosophical treatise, both works influenced their countries to a greater or lesser degree during a civil war, and surprisingly similar views regarding religion are either expressed or implied in both works. This paper will look at how the two works discuss or reveal how religion was used to help maintain positions of power."
Abstract The main factors involved in obtaining and maintaining the Russian Communist state primarily under Lenin and Stalin are discussed. Aspects discussed include background information on the development (including discussion of Marx as well as the fall of the Romanov family), Communist ideology, use of propaganda and repression, and emphasis on the directed economic policies under Communism.
From the Paper "The growth of the Communist single party state in the Soviet Union is a result of many factors. The writings of Karl Marx provided a blueprint upon which Communist followers developed their own ideology. Lenin and Stalin were powerful and effective leaders during the early stages of the Communist regime. The economic policies of both men served enhance the Russian economy and to further expand Communism. The party also repressed religion and diminished the importance of the family. The development and expansion of the single party state in the Soviet Union from 1917 until 1932 was a direct result of Lenin and Stalin's leadership capabilities, Communist ideology, the use of propaganda and terror, the directed economies under Lenin and Stalin, and state-sponsored repression of the church and diminishment of the family."
Abstract This paper compares Mao's analysis of the social foundations of Communist support at two points of time, in 1926 during the period of cooperation with the Nationalists and at the end of 1928 when the Chinese communist party was struggling in the countryside. His analysis at both the points of time are also compared to to other analysis from two different authors.
From the Paper "This essay compares Mao Tse-tung's analysis of the social foundations of Communist support at two points in time, 1926, when the Chinese Communist Party was allied with Kuomintang and at the end of 1928 when the Communists were banished to the countryside. The essay emphasis the changes in Mao Tse-tung's class analysis over this period of two years. The force that most influenced and brought about the changes in China that ultimately led to the Communist Revolution was Western imperialism. "
Abstract In this article, the writer examines 'The Manifesto of the Communist Party' by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels from the year 1848. The writer maintains that their suggestion that history, politics, and economy have always been entwined makes sense in light of the fact that the communist system they propose is both a political and economic system. The writer discusses the document and looks at its argument for change. The writer concludes that despite the fact that the document was written a long time ago, Marx and Engels still capture the spirit of the modern imagination by asserting the power people have for change and reminding even the humblest factory worker that life could and should be different.
From the Paper "The Manifesto of the Communist Party by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels professed revolutionary ideas in 1848. The authors expressed their views of the history of economics, politics, and society and suggested remedies for the evils they discerned. Their ideas were new and radical in their scope, and the transitioning world of the 19th and 20th centuries was a receptive audience. The wide appeal of their words during the first two centuries of the existence of the Manifesto has declined, though, because of the rise of individualism and the concrete failures of the system of communism that have so pervaded the modern world."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that one of the most interesting events to take place in American history was the Red Scare, also known as the McCarthy Era. The writer points out that this took place in the late 1940s and early 1950s. During this time many people were unfairly named communists and victimized. The writer maintains that in many ways, the Red Scare resembled the infamous Salem Witch Hunt and trials of the 1690s. The writer notes that people were wrongfully accused of being Communists and they lost their jobs over someone's wrong accusations, much like those accused of being witches in the late 1600s and early 1700s. The writer concludes that people working in film, television, radio and theater were fired from their jobs and could not get new ones as a result of the blacklist. Because the blacklisting was secret, no one knows how many people were actually affected, but it affected many.
From the Paper "As the United States' resentment toward the Soviet Union deepened, members of the Communist party started to be viewed progressively more as potential enemy agents and that view was what provided the justification for what happened during the McCarthy period. President Truman passed the Truman Doctrine which offered military aid to any country that was against communism. The U. S. felt threatened by Communism and believed it was spreading, and was likely to take over the world if not stopped quickly. McCarthy and Truman believed that communists in the United States were part of a secret conspiracy against their country and followed all orders sent to them by Stalin. This belief had very little basis on reality although the communists were a highly disciplined organization that did have a connection to the Soviet Union."
Abstract This paper contends that the Chinese communists in 1927 did not directly cause their own defeat, but it occurred by a number of reasons such as poor organisation and a lack of mass support among the industrial workers of China's cities. The paper also argues that the main reason why the Chinese communists were defeated was that the policy which was devised by Stalin's leadership and the Comintern was inappropriate for China and her society at the time.
From the Paper "Since the inception of the united front policy in July 1925, the policy was heavily skewed towards to Kuomintang and its predominant role in the Chinese struggle for independence against imperialism and the feudal warlords of the North. Consequently, the Communists were subordinate to the Kuomintang from the outset, and although, as the movement grew, Comintern funds for the Chinese Communists increased substantially, one must note that these funds were small "compared with the Soviet aid for weapons and other programs given to the Nationalists" . The Kuomintang were supplied with weapons and aid, which then increased following the success of the Northern Expedition, and only ceased when it looked as if Chiang Kai-shek would not stop his march on Shanghai in February of 1927. "
This paper examines Communist Russia's use of censorship and propaganda to control the environment of the country and to bring about the changes they wanted.
Abstract The author analyzes the use of censorship and propaganda in Communist Russia as a means of achieving a superior economy and an illusion of uniformity. This paper takes a look at the militarization and the collectivization of all farming in Russia. It examines the post-Stalin contradiction of belief in "Peaceful Coexistence" as the military focused on nuclear weapons for offensive rather than defensive use. It mentions the illusion that communism spread by itself led to the election of Gorbachev and the creation of "Glasnost".
From the Paper "The idea that society as well as individuals change, grow and evolve is central to Communist thought. Much of the Communist Manifesto lists the many ways society has evolved and changed through the ages. The Bolsheviks, the Communists who took power after the Russian Revolution, believed that society's changes could be directed for what they believed to be the greater good (Marx, Communist Manifesto)."
Abstract The paper shows the continued struggle between residual Leninism and liberalism in most of the former Soviet bloc. It examines how this battle effects the election processes and legislative institutions in these countries.
From the Paper "A decade has passed since the extraordinary events that led to the collapse of the Leninist regimes of East and Central Europe. The decade has been filled by high expectations, noble dreams of justice and freedom, as well as by frustrations, neuroses, and painful disappointments. Throughout the last ten years of the twentieth century, some countries of East and Central Europe have initiated and consolidated viable democratic practices and institutions. Others have lagged behind and are still quasi-democracies with little prospects to be accepted into the much coveted and often idealized Western "club." "
