Abstract This paper looks at a variety of theories and ideologies including culturist and Marxist. It also considers theoriests like Storey, Gramsci and Fiske for example, while drawing upon their relevence within a post modern society.
From the Paper "Popular culture is an area of great discussion and debate. Raymond Williams claimed "culture" was ?one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language.? This essay seeks to discuss issues and theories surrounding its definition, as listed by Williams (but cited in Storey 2001) , whilst bringing in its position within society as defined through different ideologies."
Tags: communication, culturist, hagemony, ideology, journalism, marxism, media, modern, post, social
Abstract This is an exploration into the four main conceptions based around media studies and the media as a whole. The four conceptions are transformations - the theory based on communication; institutions - the various groups formed within or by the media; forms - the reality aspect of the media and audiences - that which the media gains. The writer looks at the works of Raymond Williams and other theorists for examples of each.
From the Paper "Communication is the main trend within different media institutions. Transformations are key to our perceptions about the media. They are forms of communication such as face-to-face communication where a conversation could be taking place but the participants of the conversation are sharing the same space and time. This has advantages because it is easy to see the mood of the person you may be conversing with due to the body language and facial expression that might be used. It also needs more interaction. Secondly, there is mediated interaction. This would incorporate telephone conversations, post and e-mail. These are forms of communication where we would have the expectation of a response. The advantages here are that the people within the acts of communication do not necessarily have to be the same time or space. The media itself is mainly concerned with mediated quasi interaction. This is communication where the communicator is relaying information but is not expecting a response such as television, newspapers and radio, where the programmes or articles are aimed at entertaining or providing information but not expecting a response form the public who are listening, reading or watching. The advantages of this are that it is a simple quick way of relaying information or entertaining and there is not necessarily any need for a response."
Abstract This paper provides an analysis of the Harley Davidson company. The writer shows how Harley has used a unique approach to branding and maintaining an alignment between their corporate vision, culture and image. They have used many different methods to achieve a blend of active corporatism while still keeping their consumers feeling as though they "own" the brand and products associated with it.
From the Paper "Harley Davidson promotes the image that "things are different on a Harley". The most important feeling they promote with their brand is freedom. Freedom of life, freedom of the open road, freedom of the individual. It is said that no two Harley's are the same. From production to consumption, the owner is involved in the process of creating their own freedom, and living the Harley dream. Their bike becomes their own self-expression, and they live the lifestyle that they perceive to be a part of owning that bike. This is also done with the management team, as well as the CEO."
Abstract This paper argues that employing cooperative bargaining strategies that stress open lines of communication benefits both management and labor. Human resources professionals can thus help negotiations go smoother by applying consensus bargaining techniques when they deal with labor representatives.
From the Paper "Traditional collective bargaining assumes that labor and management have different and conflicting interests. Negotiations are then seen as a "zero-sum" arrangement, where one side's concession is viewed as the other side's loss. This atmosphere creates an atmosphere of suspicion, where each side strives to maintain the advantage. As a result, very little communication occurs between labor and management representatives. Rather than fostering communication and dialogue, collective bargaining laws focus on limiting each side's ?weapons,? such as strikes, lockouts and the termination of union activists. This difficult situation is often further complicated by political pressure and an intense media scrutiny."
Abstract This paper looks at the paparazzi, who, for better or for worse, have become a part of the modern culture. It discusses where they cross the line from merely taking photographs of celebrities to invading their privacy. It shows how the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, shifted the public and judicial climate, especially in California, and drew new boundaries for paparazzi and how there was such an outrage of sentiment against the paparazzi that Hollywood stars won an important victory in their anti-paparazzi campaign. It examines how the 1999 privacy law is a victory for those lobbying to curb the intrusions of the media into their private lives and whether it can be considered a threat to freedom of speech.
From the Paper "The paparazzi fill a need, and not just for the publishing world. Many celebrities would have to hire their own photographers to catalog their activities (Wiemer A32). They save the subjects they photograph the trouble of coordinating their own publicity in every city they visit (Wiemer A32). The paparazzi have been a fixture of Hollywood since its beginning. There is a lasting symbiotic relationship between those with their Nikons at the latest movie premiere at the Mann's Chinese Theater and the parade of glittered stars whose careers often depend on the right kind of exposure (Blair 1). They need each other. Each feeds the other to create the aura that feeds them both. And the public craves that aura of fame to feed its own dreams (Levendosky 1B)."
Tags: freedom, photographs, diana, media, legislation, hollywood
Abstract This paper examines some of the issues concerning the ethics of photography and photojournalism. It uses as an example a front-page photograph from the "Los Angeles Times" showing a British soldier directing Iraqi civilians to take cover from Iraqi fire, which turned out to be a fake, a digital composite created by photographer, Brian Walski ,using photo-altering software. It looks at how, although the Walski photograph may have been altered with good intentions to better convey the "essence" of the war in Iraq, Walski acted unethically and violated several tenets of photojournalism. It argues how readers need to be able to trust that their photographs show what actually happened to form their own ideas and how breaching that trust only serves to make the public suspicious of all war reports, to the detriment of the entire news profession.
From the Paper "Walski's alterations differ from the Time Magazine and the Newsday photographs in another important respect. A look at past photographs from war coverage reveals how news photographs have tremendous power to influence public perceptions regarding the war. The image of the Vietnamese girl running naked after her village was bombed with napalm and the picture of the South Vietnamese police commander shooting a VietCong prisoner in the head have contributed to protests against the Vietnam War. In a more recent example, for many people, the photograph of young Elian Gonzalez cringing from an armed immigration agent gave the situation an air of menace (Frank 2003)."
Abstract This paper examines the importance of effective communication methods in an organization and discusses how this causes smooth operation of the organization. It explains that effective communication is one of the cornerstones of a successful organization, and yet, perceived and unconscious barriers often impede it.
From the Paper "Barriers to effective communication spring up just about everywhere in day-to-day life, but they can often be most apparent in the work environment. In the past, a major barrier to communication may have been the distance separating one business location from another, but in the modern world of the Internet and satellite communications, there are still many other barriers which get in the way of effective communication in the workplace. A barrier is anything that gets in the way of the purpose of the organization, or causes people to misunderstand each other. Since communication is a key to just about every aspect of every organization, it is an important and valuable tool for every person in the organization, and if used effectively, it can add to the success and value of the organization for everyone involved. As one communications expert noted, "Without communication, not even the first steps can be taken toward human cooperation, and it is impossible to speak about organizational problems without speaking about communication, or at least taking it for granted" (Simon, Smithburg & Thompson, 1950, p. 218)."
Abstract This paper examines how violence in the media has become a commonplace affair and discusses whether television violence results in more aggressive or deviant behavior and whether it is likely to lead to criminal behavior. Through a literature review, the paper looks at how studies have proved that media violence can lead to criminal behavior and how many sociologists have concluded that violence in television media impacts viewers in a negative manner. It also shows how television violence impacts youths and adolescents much more frequently than it impacts adults.
From the Paper "The effects of "media" on human behavior have been closely examined for centuries. Even the earliest of philosophers such as Freud hypothesized that human behavior is a product of external influences. Approximately 50 years ago, before television became a mainstay in modern households, a researcher by the name of Hovland analyzed the potential implications of the science of communications, foreseeing much change in communications of the future. He stated "how can stimuli"bring about various desired changes in response?? (Vos Post, 1995). He noted that analysis would be required of the stimuli transmitted by the communicator, in this case the television (Vos Post, 1995)."
Abstract This paper examines today's use of e-mail and takes the stance that virtual communities are not a pale substitute for "real" ones and that e-mail is not, in fact, simply a poor proxy for honest conversations, but provides the kind of organic solidarity that is an essential part of traditional societies. It shows how e-mail can provide fundamentally rewarding blessings, even as it also can bring with it, as can any form of human communication does, a number of curses.
From the Paper "There are certain disadvantages to this method, primary among them being that one gets between 50 and 100 separate emails each day from other list-members: This is a very high-volume list and sometimes the simple number of emails (even though they tend to be interesting and quite articulate and literary) can be overwhelming. This is certainly one of the curses of email: It can easily lead one to feel that one is indeed drowning in information. Even when one has invited that information into one's life, it is sometimes tempting simply to turn off one's computer and retreat to an era in which a family was lucky to have a handful of books."
Abstract This paper examines how gesture is a fundamental aspect of communication, and it is an element in multiple representations of learning. It aims to study and provide information on the role of gesture mechanism in the learning process of students. From written articles and previous studies, it gathers and analyzes data on how gestures affect change and development in the problem solving capabilities of children. It also addresses issues on the fundamental role of using gestures in teaching, i,e,. how children's problem solving methods and approaches are influenced by teachers? gestures.
Outline
Introduction
Gestures at Work
Gestures in the Learning Process of Students
Benefits of Communicating with Gestures as Supplementary Method
Conclusion
From the Paper "Multiple representations in this subject include the use of picture imageries, models, and gestures. In their article How Many Do You See? The Use of Non-Spoken Representations in First-Grade Mathematics Lessons, Flevares and Perry indicate that teachers largely use multiple representations as a method in teaching. In mathematics, for instance, speech alone cannot completely cover the teaching process because mathematics involves diverse symbolic forms. For a student to establish adequate and broad mathematical understanding, teachers often use multiple representations and verbal modalities simultaneously. Included in this are visual representations of iconic symbols as well as the use of teacher gestures while discussing lessons (i.e. pointing to mathematical symbols)."
Abstract Examines "Ellen" as a show based on the lead character and actress, Ellen Degeneres, "coming-out" as a lesbian. Discusses "Will and Grace" as the first example of gay mainstream subject matter.
From the Paper "This research examines the portrayal of homosexuals in the mainstream mass media. The research will set forth the context in which the visibility of homosexuals in popular culture has presented issue fronts for analysis and then discuss audience response ..."
Abstract The paper contends that listening is a skill that needs to be developed and shows that the inability to listen effectively undermines effective communication in informal and formal settings.
From the Paper "Ineffective Listening
The problem of ineffective listening is applicable to a wide variety of situations. As Ronald B. Adler and Neil Towne (1998) pointed out in their book, Looking Out, Looking In: Interpersonal Communications, listening constitutes an ..."
Abstract This paper examines political correctness in relation to campus speech codes. It also looks at the media enforcement of PC on writers and gives an example of the "Los Angeles Times" guidelines. It discusses the issue of whether college campus speech codes violate free speech.
From the Paper "One of the important issues today is described under the title "Political Correctness," or "PC." It is defined as efforts by certain political groups, primarily those on the left, to enforce a form of speech code so as to regulate speech to ban any term ..."
Abstract This paper examines how stem cell research is a hot topic for media headlines and has become one of the most controversial subjects in America today. It discusses how the media have turned the debate on whether or not to use stem cells for research into both a scientific and political debate. It also explores how the media have also fuelled public opinion, showing pictures of seriously ill adults and children that could potentially be saved by stem cell research.
From the Paper "While the media has objectively printed both sides of the story, it is obvious that there is a certain degree of bias in most of the stories. The majority of the media are politically liberal and adherent to a rational materialist point of view. They are also generally pro-choice on abortion. Because the stem cell issues force the public to dwell on whether unborn human life has intrinsic value simply because it is human, the issue has a tendency to be viewed by the media through a distorting abortion prism. Advocates for embryonic stem cell research argue that if the embryos left over from infertility clinics are going to be wasted anyway, why not put them to some use and allow their lives to be spent helping to save someone else?"
Abstract This paper is a study of the qualities of a leader and what makes a good leader. The study is divided into general leadership qualities and leadership effectiveness as applied to business management studies. The writer of the paper claims that effective leadership can be practiced by a committed manager, and it is equally important for individuals to both understand it and be able to lead.
From the Paper "Leadership is a term that can be applied to all walks of life. From school, workplace to home, leaders are those who give meaning to the old phrase ?When the going gets tough, the tough get going.? It can be intuitively understood that common interests unite but it is also true that conflict of interests can divide people. The various demands that one is expected to fulfill can cause conflict, and this is for the most part due to the fact that the common good is made subservient to individual good. But there are certain individuals who have the capability to see individual good in the fulfillment of common good and they are usually a class above the ordinary. Apart from the ones who have an inherent talent to instinctively achieve such common good, there are those who work to it by understanding the basic problems. Out of such understanding they are able to carve out solutions that are made workable through an organized approach for implementation, in order to fulfill objectives. Both these types of individuals are perfect example of good leaders."
