Abstract This paper presents a look at the impact media has on political campaigns. Using a published study that researched this impact the writer of this paper seeks to explore the many avenues that the campaign is affected and how powerfully affected it is.
Abstract This six-page undergraduate paper examines how advertising makes use of the body to promote commodity consumption. One example used is ideal body image, and the other is how models are used in general in advertising.
Abstract This ten-page undergraduate paper is a discussion of Television's impact on the family, and its role in defining and structuring the moral values in a family as a unit.
Abstract This paper discusses the importance of forgiveness in the conflict resolution process. Forgiveness gives a chance to both the parties to reach an agreement and bury the past injustices. This can open the path for further cooperation and hence lead to better ties in the future.
Abstract This paper explains how Cohen's concept of moral panic is helpful in understanding the media coverage of young people in Australian news media. It explains why it is necessary to mention media's power to make things visible first to understand how and why media constructs prominent images of deviance on public agenda. While the media is drawing a stereotypical and stylized image of the group which is defined as the threat, methods of exaggeration, distortion and symbolization are used in the invention phase of the panics. Afterwards, the diagnoses and the solutions are offered by the social control mechanisms which instruct the inclusion and exclusion of certain elements of the society.
From the Paper "First of all, journalism's main effect derives from its ability to make things visible to the public, in either a positive or a negative way (McNair 1998, 49). News media defines which events or issues should be pointed out at by selectively reporting them. Even if the media do not directly determine what the public will think, what they will think about is described by the news (Entman cited in McNair 1998, 50). Thus, the public agenda is set out by what is on the news. What is left out by the news reporters should not be of concern, whereas there are issues to be thought about."
Abstract This paper looks at a variety of theories and ideologies including culturist and Marxist. It also considers theoriests like Storey, Gramsci and Fiske for example, while drawing upon their relevence within a post modern society.
From the Paper "Popular culture is an area of great discussion and debate. Raymond Williams claimed "culture" was ?one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language.? This essay seeks to discuss issues and theories surrounding its definition, as listed by Williams (but cited in Storey 2001) , whilst bringing in its position within society as defined through different ideologies."
Tags: communication, culturist, hagemony, ideology, journalism, marxism, media, modern, post, social
Abstract This is an exploration into the four main conceptions based around media studies and the media as a whole. The four conceptions are transformations - the theory based on communication; institutions - the various groups formed within or by the media; forms - the reality aspect of the media and audiences - that which the media gains. The writer looks at the works of Raymond Williams and other theorists for examples of each.
From the Paper "Communication is the main trend within different media institutions. Transformations are key to our perceptions about the media. They are forms of communication such as face-to-face communication where a conversation could be taking place but the participants of the conversation are sharing the same space and time. This has advantages because it is easy to see the mood of the person you may be conversing with due to the body language and facial expression that might be used. It also needs more interaction. Secondly, there is mediated interaction. This would incorporate telephone conversations, post and e-mail. These are forms of communication where we would have the expectation of a response. The advantages here are that the people within the acts of communication do not necessarily have to be the same time or space. The media itself is mainly concerned with mediated quasi interaction. This is communication where the communicator is relaying information but is not expecting a response such as television, newspapers and radio, where the programmes or articles are aimed at entertaining or providing information but not expecting a response form the public who are listening, reading or watching. The advantages of this are that it is a simple quick way of relaying information or entertaining and there is not necessarily any need for a response."
Abstract This paper provides an analysis of the Harley Davidson company. The writer shows how Harley has used a unique approach to branding and maintaining an alignment between their corporate vision, culture and image. They have used many different methods to achieve a blend of active corporatism while still keeping their consumers feeling as though they "own" the brand and products associated with it.
From the Paper "Harley Davidson promotes the image that "things are different on a Harley". The most important feeling they promote with their brand is freedom. Freedom of life, freedom of the open road, freedom of the individual. It is said that no two Harley's are the same. From production to consumption, the owner is involved in the process of creating their own freedom, and living the Harley dream. Their bike becomes their own self-expression, and they live the lifestyle that they perceive to be a part of owning that bike. This is also done with the management team, as well as the CEO."
Abstract This paper argues that employing cooperative bargaining strategies that stress open lines of communication benefits both management and labor. Human resources professionals can thus help negotiations go smoother by applying consensus bargaining techniques when they deal with labor representatives.
From the Paper "Traditional collective bargaining assumes that labor and management have different and conflicting interests. Negotiations are then seen as a "zero-sum" arrangement, where one side's concession is viewed as the other side's loss. This atmosphere creates an atmosphere of suspicion, where each side strives to maintain the advantage. As a result, very little communication occurs between labor and management representatives. Rather than fostering communication and dialogue, collective bargaining laws focus on limiting each side's ?weapons,? such as strikes, lockouts and the termination of union activists. This difficult situation is often further complicated by political pressure and an intense media scrutiny."
Abstract This paper examines some of the issues concerning the ethics of photography and photojournalism. It uses as an example a front-page photograph from the "Los Angeles Times" showing a British soldier directing Iraqi civilians to take cover from Iraqi fire, which turned out to be a fake, a digital composite created by photographer, Brian Walski ,using photo-altering software. It looks at how, although the Walski photograph may have been altered with good intentions to better convey the "essence" of the war in Iraq, Walski acted unethically and violated several tenets of photojournalism. It argues how readers need to be able to trust that their photographs show what actually happened to form their own ideas and how breaching that trust only serves to make the public suspicious of all war reports, to the detriment of the entire news profession.
From the Paper "Walski's alterations differ from the Time Magazine and the Newsday photographs in another important respect. A look at past photographs from war coverage reveals how news photographs have tremendous power to influence public perceptions regarding the war. The image of the Vietnamese girl running naked after her village was bombed with napalm and the picture of the South Vietnamese police commander shooting a VietCong prisoner in the head have contributed to protests against the Vietnam War. In a more recent example, for many people, the photograph of young Elian Gonzalez cringing from an armed immigration agent gave the situation an air of menace (Frank 2003)."
Abstract This paper examines the importance of effective communication methods in an organization and discusses how this causes smooth operation of the organization. It explains that effective communication is one of the cornerstones of a successful organization, and yet, perceived and unconscious barriers often impede it.
From the Paper "Barriers to effective communication spring up just about everywhere in day-to-day life, but they can often be most apparent in the work environment. In the past, a major barrier to communication may have been the distance separating one business location from another, but in the modern world of the Internet and satellite communications, there are still many other barriers which get in the way of effective communication in the workplace. A barrier is anything that gets in the way of the purpose of the organization, or causes people to misunderstand each other. Since communication is a key to just about every aspect of every organization, it is an important and valuable tool for every person in the organization, and if used effectively, it can add to the success and value of the organization for everyone involved. As one communications expert noted, "Without communication, not even the first steps can be taken toward human cooperation, and it is impossible to speak about organizational problems without speaking about communication, or at least taking it for granted" (Simon, Smithburg & Thompson, 1950, p. 218)."
Abstract This paper examines how violence in the media has become a commonplace affair and discusses whether television violence results in more aggressive or deviant behavior and whether it is likely to lead to criminal behavior. Through a literature review, the paper looks at how studies have proved that media violence can lead to criminal behavior and how many sociologists have concluded that violence in television media impacts viewers in a negative manner. It also shows how television violence impacts youths and adolescents much more frequently than it impacts adults.
From the Paper "The effects of "media" on human behavior have been closely examined for centuries. Even the earliest of philosophers such as Freud hypothesized that human behavior is a product of external influences. Approximately 50 years ago, before television became a mainstay in modern households, a researcher by the name of Hovland analyzed the potential implications of the science of communications, foreseeing much change in communications of the future. He stated "how can stimuli"bring about various desired changes in response?? (Vos Post, 1995). He noted that analysis would be required of the stimuli transmitted by the communicator, in this case the television (Vos Post, 1995)."
Abstract This paper examines today's use of e-mail and takes the stance that virtual communities are not a pale substitute for "real" ones and that e-mail is not, in fact, simply a poor proxy for honest conversations, but provides the kind of organic solidarity that is an essential part of traditional societies. It shows how e-mail can provide fundamentally rewarding blessings, even as it also can bring with it, as can any form of human communication does, a number of curses.
From the Paper "There are certain disadvantages to this method, primary among them being that one gets between 50 and 100 separate emails each day from other list-members: This is a very high-volume list and sometimes the simple number of emails (even though they tend to be interesting and quite articulate and literary) can be overwhelming. This is certainly one of the curses of email: It can easily lead one to feel that one is indeed drowning in information. Even when one has invited that information into one's life, it is sometimes tempting simply to turn off one's computer and retreat to an era in which a family was lucky to have a handful of books."
Abstract This paper examines how gesture is a fundamental aspect of communication, and it is an element in multiple representations of learning. It aims to study and provide information on the role of gesture mechanism in the learning process of students. From written articles and previous studies, it gathers and analyzes data on how gestures affect change and development in the problem solving capabilities of children. It also addresses issues on the fundamental role of using gestures in teaching, i,e,. how children's problem solving methods and approaches are influenced by teachers? gestures.
Outline
Introduction
Gestures at Work
Gestures in the Learning Process of Students
Benefits of Communicating with Gestures as Supplementary Method
Conclusion
From the Paper "Multiple representations in this subject include the use of picture imageries, models, and gestures. In their article How Many Do You See? The Use of Non-Spoken Representations in First-Grade Mathematics Lessons, Flevares and Perry indicate that teachers largely use multiple representations as a method in teaching. In mathematics, for instance, speech alone cannot completely cover the teaching process because mathematics involves diverse symbolic forms. For a student to establish adequate and broad mathematical understanding, teachers often use multiple representations and verbal modalities simultaneously. Included in this are visual representations of iconic symbols as well as the use of teacher gestures while discussing lessons (i.e. pointing to mathematical symbols)."
Abstract Examines "Ellen" as a show based on the lead character and actress, Ellen Degeneres, "coming-out" as a lesbian. Discusses "Will and Grace" as the first example of gay mainstream subject matter.
From the Paper "This research examines the portrayal of homosexuals in the mainstream mass media. The research will set forth the context in which the visibility of homosexuals in popular culture has presented issue fronts for analysis and then discuss audience response ..."
