Abstract This paper is about representations of women and celebrities in the media and their effects on average American women. Some of the topics discussed in this paper are the media's portrayal of actresses and celebrities and their affects on teenagers and women, the differences and changes in images of celebrities through the past few decades, the "Culture of slimming" , the objectification and subjectification of women, the psychological, social, physical, and mental effects on the average women, and the power of the entertainment industry.
From the Paper "Over the past few decades, the so-called "norm" for a female figure has drastically changed from voluptuous and curvy to waif-like thin. Many female celebrities have been known for their figures. Historically, Marilyn Monroe and Jayne Mansfield were two women who each wore a size 12 and were glorified by men all around the world. Today, celebrities from the likes of Jennifer Aniston and Calista Flockhart are admired for their abilities to become and stay so thin, almost appearing sick. As celebrities come and go, women compare themselves to whoever is "popular" at the time."
The cellular phone has changed our society in many ways. The cell phone is changing the way people live, work, interact, socialize and could also have deleterious effects on your health.
Abstract This piece examines the effects of the cellular phone on our society. It explains how the cell phone is changing the way people live, work, interact, socialize, and could also have deleterious effects on your health.
From the Paper "The invention of cellular technology took place at Bell Labs in 1947, but government regulations slowed the process for licensing for nearly 35 years. Back in 1880, Alexander Graham Bell invented what was known as the Photophone. This invention used the principle behind the telephone to transmit words on a beam of light. But it took nearly another century before we would use this technology to its fullest capabilities. Cellular phones have been around for two decades, but early on only the wealthy were able to afford the technology. It was not until cell phones began to shrink in size and price that people began to depend on them (Royes 1992)."
Abstract This paper examines the ways in which communication between the genders differs, and how these styles contribute to widespread stereotypes. In addition, language is used to challenge stereotypes, as depicted. Areas investigated include verbal approaches, language usage, interruptions and silence, talkativeness and topics of conversation, harmony and competitiveness, assertiveness and compliments, dominance and egalitarianism, body language, and behavior.
From the Paper "The differences that exist between the verbal interaction patterns of men and women are not absolute. However, the communication approaches that are recognized between males and females have frequently been described as "report versus rapport?, "debate versus relate", or "competitive versus cooperative". Men seek practical advice and straightforward solutions to problems, whereas women tend to establish intimacy by sharing personal difficulties and exhibiting empathy to reinforce relationships. (Monroe, 1999) In one study that involved men-only and women-only discussion groups, it was discovered that when women converse with one another, they tend to reveal a vast amount of information regarding their personal lives. They also examine a particular issue extensively, allow others speakers to conclude their thoughts, and encourage participation among all members. Conversely, men rarely discussed their personal relationships and emotions. Instead, they competed to prove themselves better informed about such issues as current affairs, travel, and sports. The topics varied quite often within a short time span, and over time, a stable hierarchy was established, with some men dominating conversation, while others meagrely contributed. (Coates, 1993)"
From the Paper "...Paging is reliable, timely and cheap, but it is limited in the type and amount of information it can send. Wireless LANs remove the need for costly infrastructure and other hassles that come with a fixed LAN but have a limited range. Wireless WANs can cover a much larger area than wireless LANs, but are slower and more expensive. Cellular networks are the most widely used and cover the largest area, but have limitations in security and reliability."
Abstract This paper investigates the implication of how a media oligopoly affects the American media audience in terms of which stories are chosen for broadcast and the implication of control that accompanies the presence of joint media control. There is a focus on how a single media force could potentially affect the political spectrum.
From the Paper "The concept of a media conglomeration is simple to define yet difficult to prove. The image of a "media conglomeration" smacks of outright conspiracy, where the image of several angry, older Caucasian males sitting in a room and determining the fate of the media comes immediately to mind. However, there is a growing amount of evidence that serves to indicate that there is indeed some growing form of an outright central media that is owned and operated by a core group of companies. If this is indeed the case, then this provides grounds for concern where the media is no longer seen as an impartial witness to major events and less-newsworthy social happenings."
Abstract This paper talks about how the media portrays violence in children. The author argues that the media claims violence is caused by movies or television and provides evidence why this is not accurate, suggesting other reasons why violence in children has developed over the past century.
From the Paper "One morning a high school student named Kip Kinkle woke up, and chose to shoot his parents in his own home. He then proceeded to school and shot his way through Thurston High School cafeteria. No one believed that such a tragic event could happen more than once. The media portrayed the event in great detail. They outlined the actions of Kinkle, telling his story in almost a heroic fashion and detailing his killing spree. Just one year later, the mass attacks by two students at Columbine High School in Colorado has resulted in attempts to understand the influence the media has on shaping personal views of violence and the implications of copycat crimes."
Abstract A personal paper about television violence. The author offers a descriptive account of television violence in the past and how violence is portrayed today relating the effects that this has on society. The author argues that parental guidance relies too heavily on society to raise their children, leaving their children to be exposed to violence.
From the Paper "Over the last twenty years people have changed their views on violence. It is no longer possible to surprise viewers with graphic images or explosions because they are too familiar. Overall, TV has the same amount of violence it is just more powerful and realistic. It is also all relative to the time, twenty years ago it took less to upset the public, so violence was used sparingly, now we are numb to it and we must be overexposed to get the same effect. As far as the relation of TV violence to the sadistic manifestations of current day fanatical children, I believe there aren"t any; all the TV shows do is give them a scapegoat. Rather than viewing their actions as being a product of society, it is my opinion that blame should be cast upon the parents, who don"t build firm relationships with their children in the short amount of time they spend with them. They rely on society to raise their children, and don?t even inform them on the proper ethics and morals needed to deal with the conflicts portrayed on TV. So when children are faced with a problem, they resolve it the only way they know how, violence."
Abstract This paper explores television violence and its effects on children. It addresses how TV manipulates the minds of children, causing them to act in more aggressive and violent manners. The author argues that TV violence distorts children's minds into believing that violence is a healthy and acceptable way of dealing with problems.
From the Paper "How many parents give a sigh of relief when their child's favorite program comes onto television (TV)? Probably, a vast majority of today's parents do because TV allows them to obtain some moments of personal freedom. Marie Winn, author of The Plug-In Drug, proclaims ?Television keeps children quiet and passive, cuts down on loud and boisterous play, prevents outbursts between brothers and sisters, and eliminates a number of potentially destructive household "experiments" that children might be indulging in??(66). So how could something that is so addictive, to the degree that it settles down even the most robust five-year-old, is dangerous to society? To answer this question there are many statistics, theories and concepts to explore."
Abstract This paper analyses how corporations may maintain employee job satisfaction in an ever-increasing environment of economic, sociological, global and organizational change.
From the Paper ?While the profitability of corporations is typically measured in dollars, overall success can be measured in terms of profitability plus the attainment of organizational goals. This success derives from a synergy of inputs, including the work of employees who are dedicated, skilled and knowledgeable, and a management team that understands how to inspire competent and motivated performance through sensitive and responsive management of a continually changing workplace. The cost of socially-responsible management is an investment: the workplace environment directly impacts the motivation and productivity of the workforce. Simply put: happy, secure workers are productive workers. Companies are responsible for creating and maintaining a positive and supportive workplace environment through ethically responsible policies, fair compensation and proactive management. While not quantifiable as a line item, an attitude of responsibility to workers and to the workplace environment has a noticeable effect on the corporate bottom line. According to Alan Reder in his book In Pursuit of Principle and Profit (1994), responsible policies ensure that every quality of a company will emerge over time and greatly increase a company's chances of long-term success.?
Abstract This paper provides an insight into the psychology of team work and management and how they can be applied in the business environment. It discusses how team accomplishments and goals are the result of synergy or the achievement of an effect which is larger or greater than the output of one person individually. It examines the three known or discussed types of teams: work teams, naturally formed work units doing common operational duties within the organization, task teams, brought together to work on a specific task or project and management teams, drawn from people who direct operational business units . It looks at undesirable outcomes such as social loafing and conflicts and discusses the criteria for team member selections.
From the Paper "Group processes directly impact the choice of team member selection and required result. The desired team outcome is synergy when planning group structure and goals. Unfortunately, social loafing can occur so planning team leadership strategies before the team conducts their first meeting is imperative. Team member strengths and abilities are assessed prior to selection allowing for the correct member selection. Many teams have failed because of lack of support or the inability of the team to carry out their mission."
Abstract This paper reviews many of the distinctive organizational challenges related to globalization. First, a background is established by identifying some forces driving globalization. An important aspect of this paper is to understand that a foreign subsidiary of a company is not an independent entity and therefore the company must understand that it is essential to adjust the corporate organizational behavior practices to meet the needs of employees in every country. The following organizational challenges are covered: adjusting organizational behavior to fit corporate culture; managing a global company; teamwork in a global atmosphere; the rights of the oppressed; and electronic communication and globalization. By putting these challenges in context, a U.S. multinational corporation could effectively develop the organizational behavior practices that can be successfully implemented by subsidiaries in other countries.
From the Paper "There are many globalization challenges for businesses, especially those operating across national boundaries as a multinational or global enterprise. Organizational behavior in a global company is especially challenging because organizational practices vary from country to country. With technology changing at every blink of the eye, the world in general is starting to look smaller and global dominance more attainable. As a result, more and more companies are venturing outside the constraints and realms of geographical and cultural boundaries. Thus, these companies are eagerly embarking upon the idea and concept of globalization. This prompts the need to manage human resources effectively to gain competitive advantage in the global market place."
This paper discusses the need for cross-cultural understanding by listing the problems exhibited in the case of Wolfgang Keller which had negative effects upon Koningsbrau-Hellas as a whole.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 0 sources, 2002, $ 43.95
Abstract This work deals with the case of Wolfgang Keller and describes numerous people from different backgrounds (ethnic, educational, etc.) and the confusion that was caused as a result of those differences. All of these diffculties in communication are elaborated upon and this essay describes the means by which all parties can benefit as well as keep from making the same mistakes in the future.
From the Paper "The Wolfgang Keller at Konigbrau-Hellas A.E. Harvard Business School case illuminates upon several cross-cultural communications circumstances, confusions, and problems. The case is described mainly from the point of view of Wolfgang Keller with supporting documentation of performance evaluations, memos, and other documents. These papers supplement the storyline and add valuable resources for the reader to more closely analyze the situation."
Abstract Analysis of the January 20, 1961 speech. Discusses the setting, purpose, and components of the address. Choice of language and delivery. Use of commonplace vocabulary. Kennedy's argument that the rights of man were historically given by God. Relevance of speech to contemporary world in light of 9/11. Quotes significant passages.
From the Paper "Analysis of John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address,
Delivered Friday, January 20, 1961
The Situation
President Kennedy beat out Richard Nixon by an extremely small margin, and the campaign was a bitter one. The nation was also at war in Vietnam, there was a strong Cold War going on with Russia, and there was also some fear that Kennedy, the first-ever Catholic president might create a non-secular government. On the morning of the inauguration, it was snowing in Washington, and many people wanted to cancel the outdoor swearing in. Kennedy demanded that it be held outdoors as tradition dictated.
The Speech
The Beginning
The first part of the speech was designed to acknowledge and embrace a ..."
Abstract This paper explores the key elements of communication in marriage. It discusses some of the obstacles to effective communication, the damage done to a marriage when there is a lack of communication, and some methods for fostering effective communication.
From the Paper "It's been said many times before, but it must be said again. Marriage is the process of sharing. Communication is the key to this process. Indeed, communication between a married couple is the equivalent of sharing with one another. They communicate with one another both verbally and non-verbally in such a way that their partner understands what they mean. Quality communication is not just the sharing of words, but also the ability to listen and understand. (Leman, Pg 1) The following paragraphs will explore the key elements of communication in marriage. "
Abstract This paper studies the correlation between media exposure and resulting body image disturbance/eating disorder symptoms in the light of a recent research. It examines the impact and presents some latest developments in research findings in this area especially the concept of internationalization, which was largely ignored in earlier studies on the subject.
From the Paper "In a media-saturated culture like the one we have in the United States, the influence of media-promoted images on our perception of what is good, healthy, beautiful and desirable has often been discussed and in most cases vehemently criticized. Research indicates that female adolescents are increasingly being subjected to unhealthy body images in print and electronic media resulting in the rise of eating disorders cases. With media presenting us with images of super-thin women who are projected as symbols of success, eating disorders are unarguably on the rise among young women. This is the result of distorted body image or body image disturbance that occurs when people, both men and women, overestimate their body size and harbor chronic thoughts about dieting, weight loss and consumption of fat. Body image distortion leads to unhealthy dietary habits where people start consuming less food with lower nutritional value and as the result suffer from eating disorders including bulimia and anorexia nervosa."
