This paper discusses the impact of nonverbal behavior on credibility and leadership emergence: Eye contact, para-language, voice, gestures and posture.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 11 sources, 1991, $ 63.95
From the Paper "The old saying, "It's not what you say; it's how you say it," well represents the importance of nonverbal behaviors to the emergence of leadership and the establishment of credibility. Several nonverbal behaviors can greatly increase or decrease the opportunities for emergence of leadership and credibility. Studies have explored all aspects of the link between nonverbal communication and the establishment of leadership and credibility. Nonverbal factors fit into five categories: eye contact, gesticulations, paralanguage, posture, and overall facial expression. Also, environmental factors such as seating arrangement and setting have a great effect on leadership emergence and credibility. Use of this information can be .. "
This paper discusses the relationship between the mass media, specifically television, and presidential elections: Function and impact of exit polls, debates and spot commercials on voters.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, 1991, $ 63.95
From the Paper "The aim of this paper is to look at the relationship between the mass media, specifically television, and presidential elections. This paper will focus on the function of television in presidential elections through three main areas: exit polls, presidential debates, and spots. The focus is on television for three reasons. First, television reaches more voters than any other medium. Second, television attracts the greatest part of presidential campaign budgets. Third, television provides the candidates a good opportunity to contact the people directly. A second main theme of this paper is the role of television in presidential elections in terms of representative democracy in the United States."
This paper discusses the role played by self-perception in effective communication: Self-image's impact on verbal & non-verbal exchanges. Vocation, family, society, appearance and accuracy of perception.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, 1991, $ 63.95
From the Paper "This paper will be concerned with the role played by self-perception in effective communication. Communication is a process which involves two people: the person transmitting the communicated information and the person receiving it. In order for communication to be effective, there must be a good link between the two. This is true whether the communication takes place at home, at work, or in the society at large. The ability of a person to accurately receive communicated information is based in part on that person's perception of the communicator. The receiver will be affected by both verbal and nonverbal cues in formulating an idea of what the other person is trying to say. Because of this, it is important that the communicator be aware of what type of image he or she is presenting to the receiver. In order for effective ... "
From the Paper "On August 1, 1981, MTV went on the air as a 24-hour, non-stop, commercial cable channel beamed by satellite across the country and offered at no charge through cable companies. MTV offered music videos..short films shot to one song. It became an instant success. Suddenly, rock music became something to look at, not just listen to, and a good video could make or break a band. MTV revitalized the record industry by giving play to new bands that the radio stations were ignoring. Its style influenced movies and TV shows. Even the working title for the Miami Vice original pilot film was MTV Cops. MTV also led to long-form videos, such as Flashdance and Purple Rain. Music videos have even become a postmodern art form, with its own ideology. Overall, MTV had a huge impact on culture in its first eight years.
The news media has critics both within the profession and external to it regarding the ways in which they view politicians and their attendant political processes and the ways in which they attack these government officials and their decision and policy formulation. While parental teaching and the news media are both influential in formulating attitudes about politicians and politics, the latter proves more relevant than the former given that it provides the bulk of politically-oriented information to children through adults. There are differing conceptions of privacy when considering individual citizens and politicians, with the former being assured more privacy than the latter. As a remedy to this disparity, information about the private lives of politicians that may prove irrelevant to the ..."
Exploration of the relationship between language and cognitive development in terms of how reading, writing and discussion contribute to cognitive development.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, 1993, $ 47.95
Introduction
Robbins Burling (1993) noted that language is indelibly linked to human cognitive processes and that studying these processes can give us a better understanding of language emergence and language acquisition. The intent in the following pages is to explore the relationship between language and cognitive development, looking particularly at how reading, writing, and discussion . the basic language functions . contribute to cognitive development.
Origins
One of the current theories regarding the relationship of the brain and cognition to language is that expressed by Terrence ..."
From the Paper "Even the most casual observation provides evidence that differences exist between men and women with regard to nonverbal
communication. For example, it is apparent that men are generally uncomfortable with such factors as eye contact and closeness of proximity. This is especially true in the case of male-male interactions. Conversely, women appear to be more comfortable with these factors when they are interacting with one another. Studies have indicated that both men and women tend to adjust these characteristics whenever the two genders interact. Thus, during male-female encounters, men tend to be more outgoing than usual in terms of nonverbal behavior, whereas women tend to be less so. This paper will discuss the various gender differences that exist in nonverbal communication, as well as the various studies which pertain to them. In addition, a discussion will be..."
From the Paper " CODE ALTERNATION IN ENGLISH ACROSS CULTURES
As in most new fields of research, labels can be disconcerting and confusing, because they change as new theories see the light, even when such theories are neither new nor bearers of significant modifications. So it is with code alternation, variations of which can be found in code switching, code mixing, code-shifting, code-choice, code-swaying, situational switching, and language switching--all subjects to refinements such as intersentential, intrasentential, diatopic, and diastratal code-switching. "According to estimations, about half of the earth's population speaks at least two languages... The alternating use of more than one language is one of the most striking features of many interactions in bilingual communities" (Auer, 1984:1). Most code-switching research has thus been.."
From the Paper "The mass media in America have an influence over nearly every aspect of American life, and there is no reason to believe that the development and implementation of American foreign policy should be any different. Bennett (1994) sees the media as intruding into the frame of world events and cites a number of instances in which the presence of the media has shaped the way foreign policy has been conducted. Dramatic examples are derived from military operations such as the Gulf War, Grenada, and Panama. Bennett also cites the vivid images on American television of the Tiananmen Square incidents in China in 1989 and the fact that 1992 images of starvation in Somalia forced the mobilization of an international humanitarian intervention by the U.S. military. Bennett looks at the Gulf War as showing how well the government can use the media to shape policy and to sell foreign policy. Bennett concludes.."
From the Paper "STEREOTYPING AND BIAS IN THE MEDIA
Saltzman (1994) describes the images that have been imposed on us by the media throughout our lives. If provided with no other input than that we receive from mass media sources it is probable that we would believe that:
African-Americans are mostly rap stars, drug addicts, welfare mothers, criminals, and/or murderers. Latinos are illegal aliens, ignorant immigrants who take, but give little back to the country and can't even speak the language, or drug-crazed thugs who have no respect for law or order. Asian-American are either weak, model citizens or inscrutable, manipulative, uncaring invaders of business, especially in the U.S. ..."
From the Paper "Communication in the course of the day is based to a very great degree on trust. We know that deception is always possible in the process of communication, but we generally trust that people with whom we are intimate are communicating with us in an honest fashion. Research has shown that deception often takes place in interpersonal communications, and sometimes it is detected and sometimes it is not. This raises the question of how deception is detected and how accurate the individual can be in deception detection. An examination of the research in this area will show how this issue is being analyzed and tested.
Burgoon, Buller, Ebesu, and Rockwell (1994) note one reason why this issue has become so important in research--they point to the fact that media attention to a number of issues of deception, from the erosion of business ethics to the rise of cheating among ..."
Abstract The paper provides an overview of one of the most severe and disruptive of all childhood disorders - autism - that interferes with an individual's ability to form social relationships as well as to communicate with others. This paper discusses behavioral modification models of treating autism which provide a way of easing the communication barriers between those with autism and other people, thus allowing autistic children to build the kind of initial human connections when they are young that they will be able to build on later in life. Topics discussed in the paper are the causes of autism, behavioral analysis as opposed to behavior modification and assumptions of behavioral analysis.
From the Paper "It should be noted that while behavioral assessment may help provide a substantial amount of help to many individuals suffering with autism it is certainly not a cure-all (Smith, Chung, and Vostanis, 1994, p. 558). However, it can be used to help improve the communication of many children with autism because it is a highly flexible model that can be used by parents, teachers, therapists and others to help autistic children acquire communication skills no matter what level they may be at in terms of development or severity of symptoms."
Abstract This paper gives an overview of some of the more interesting issues involving gender and cultural differences in gesture and posture: non-verbal communication. It begins by studying gender differences in body language and, following this, moves on to the differing significance of gestures and posture in various cultures. The paper concludes with a summary of findings and with recommendations for further exploration.
From the Paper "The issues surrounding posture communication are as diverse yet interesting as the communications themselves. In the case of gender, how men and women speak through body language (in North American culture) is a topic which has been much written about in books, articles, and scientific journals. The issue of cultural communication is one which is equally important to the traveler as to the layperson. For example, the forming of index finger and thumb for the "OK" sign in North America means something very different in Japan In Japan country it means money. (Times) In other countries the "OK" sign can mean something very rude, it can mean that things are "not OK" or that you would like coins instead of bills."
Abstract This paper examines the relationship between the parapazzi (journalistic photographers) and celebrities, which has been bought into the spotlight by the death of Princess Diana in a car crash trying to escape from them. It evaluates the lack of clear cut boundaries when it comes to the paparazzi and their rights and proposes a new law to be enacted that will restrict the photographing of the famous to public events or events that the paparazzi is invited to by the star in question. Anything outside of those boundaries should be considered a crime. It reviews several famous court cases on the topic of invasion of privacy of celebrities and argues that celebrities should not have to give up their right to basic privacy simply by becoming famous.
From the Paper "For many years the press and the famous were friends. The press attended openings of films, causes that were important to the stars, and other events in which the public had an interest, and the celebrity benefited from their presence. It began to change several decades ago when the press began to invade the private lives of the celebrities that they covered. Over the years there have been several famous court cases in which the celebrity has asked for relief from such stalking and harassment from the press."
Abstract This paper uses a religious definition of a "hero" as a man who leaves the fold and comforting bosom of the home and descends into the darkness, to slay a monster that is threatening the community. The paper describes how Beowulf and Buffy meet these criteria. The author believes that the Buffy, despite being a woman, is a hero.
From the Paper ""Beowulf" fits into this model of the heroic journey in a classical fashion. He is the son of a famous king. However, the potential hero soon hears that a horrific monster is threatening a neighboring community, a creature named Grendel. Beowulf decides that he alone can slay the monster. He leaves his fatherland and father, and casts away trappings of home and comfortable reputation. He knows that to be a true warrior worthy of his birthright, he must prove himself in the arena of bloodshed."
Tags: religious, leaves, darkness, slay, monster, threatening, community
