Abstract The paper explains that male leadership is often epitomized by an ego-driven form of direction-giving. Theu author points out that female leadership entails more listening and co-operation.
Abstract This paper explains how television's portrayal of the American family has evolved from 1950s 'wholesome' to contemporary detachment and cynicism, with a number of notable exceptions, most especially "7th Heaven".
Abstract This paper presents a detailed discussion about the way the media portrays African-Americans on television and in the movies. The author uses several examples to illustrate the way the media characterizes and portrays African-Americans the majority of the time.
Abstract This six-page paper looks at how the stereotypical view of the African (American) is portrayed via the media in the large and small screen then discusses the diversity between white and ethnic differences including the view of the blacks from the time as slaves to modern era.
Abstract This paper takes the position that a Western (North American and Western European) dominated global culture and its visual imagery intrudes on our lives and serves as a tool for colonialized superpowers
From the Paper "Cultural, artistic and social circulation of images across the globe is Western-based as well. European capitals like London and North American cities like New York City are considered as the centres of arts and sciences of the world. Television programs, fashion and industrial products that are used in the third world countries are mostly imported from United States and England."
Abstract This paper examines how jealousy is an ever-present phenomenon that can have negative consequences on romantic relationships. It looks at how jealousy is more prevalent in relationships where one or both parties have low self-esteem. It analyzes how this feeling of inadequacy leads to other negative feelings as well, including loneliness, powerlessness, and relational uncertainty among others. The relationship between self-esteem and jealousy is examined, noting other significant variables that have an influence on both self-esteem and jealousy, as well as the manner in which jealousy is handled.
Outline
Self-Esteem and Jealousy
Self-Esteem and Expression of Jealousy
Expression of Jealousy and Relational Outcome
From the Paper "People with low self esteem are often the ones likely to experience the greatest amount of jealousy and to mistrust their partner. This incessant jealousy leads the party with low self esteem to grow increasingly dissatisfied with the relationship. Rotenberg, Shewchuk, and Kimberly (2001) took the information that lonely individuals have low self esteem and are generally dissatisfied with romantic relationships. They went on to determine whether this loneliness and powerlessness may be connected to jealous behavior and expression. They found the correlation to be positive; jealousy is related to loneliness and powerlessness which in turn might possibly affect one's self esteem."
Abstract This paper examines the topic of internal communication within an organization and shows that, while external communication such as advertisements and public relations, play an important role in an organization, internal communication is the glue that helps the company stay together and achieve its objectives. It provides a literature review of two different communication chapters from two different books, Chapter 9 "Internal Organizational Communication Systems" from the book, "Organizational Communication " by Gary Kreps and Chapter 2 "Formal and Informal Communication Networks" by Susan A. Hellweg from the book, "Organizational Communication" edited by Peggy Yuhas Byers. It attempts to identify and analyze each work for its strengths and weaknesses and discusses the importance of informal communication and the grapevine. The roles of organizational structure, the types of communication network, motivation, ethical responsibilities, and job stress are also explored.
From the Paper "Kreps and Hellweg both identify two types of formal communications within organizations: vertical and horizontal communications. Both authors identified two further subdivisions within the vertical communication format: Downward communication and upward communication. To understand formal communication both strengths and weakness have to be understood. In downward communication, all information transfer is sent from the management to the workers. The employees lower down the hierarchal chain are constantly provided information with regards to what needs to get done, how it should get done and the time frame within which it has to get done. Little or no feedback is expected from the employee who receives the message. In reality, it is observed that very often the message can get complicated and distorted as the level of complexity of the job increase or the levels through which the information flows. Most organizations traditionally followed this form of communication."
Abstract This paper talks about the importance of public relations efforts to large organizations. In particular, the paper focuses on the public relations strategy of the American Kennel Club (AKC). The paper looks at how the AKC has embarked on a strategy to raise public awareness of the organization and all that it offers, boost membership, and explain its role. To this end, the strategy identified intends to make use of major publications, electronic media, and the Internet. Finally, the paper looks at examples of public relations efforts at other large organizations and how these effort helped to improve the images of these organizations.
From the Paper "The American Kennel Club was literally going to the dogs. The organization did not have a public relations image problem, it did not have any image at all. Membership had declined since the mid-'90s and nearly all of the AKC's endeavors on behalf of animals had gone unnoticed. Some marketing had been done, but it was inconsistent. Therefore, early last year, the AKC decided for the first time ever to emphasize communications, including hiring a full-time staff. The result: both pet owners and members are more acquainted with the Club's activities and pleased with what they have learned."
Abstract This paper focuses on whether language is a barrier in the hospitality industry when there are many employees from diverse cultures. The writer asserts that maintaining a certain level of customer service is essential in the hospitality industry and could be directly affected by the language barrier problem. This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of language barriers in this industry, reviews current literature on the subject, and offers a proposed hypothesis for study and a methodology.
From the Paper "In such a competitive environment as the hospitality industry, this subject matter is of great interest. Companies are vying for clients and this issue can be a contributing factor to a hotel's success or could be part of the reason it may fail. Communication is a key factor in achieving customer satisfaction and should not impede the ability to serve guests."
Abstract This paper discusses the significant role that body language plays in the delivery and understanding of a message. The paper talks about how different facial gestures, hand gestures, postures, etc., communicate certain messages and that understanding these messages can be very useful, not only in interpersonal relations, but in the business and political arena, as well.
From the Paper "It's important for people to have a basic understanding of these non-verbal cues so that it can aid them in knowing how to respond to people as well as how well they are responding to others. With this in mind, we must also understand that there are cultural differences in body language and some of the basics that we all seem to know (i.e: "hands on hips" means "defiant" (Pierce-Rusunen, D.1)) may not cross over into other cultures. "Problems arise when generalizations are made about body language" (D.1) and it is therefore significant to gain "literacy in foreign body languages" because "body language is often culture-specific" (D.1)."
This paper discusses mentors, persons who provide support, encouragement, and a consistent way of challenging another person to successfully reach their potentials.
Abstract This paper explains that the one common objective of mentors is to help the other person succeed and do well in something that they would not normally do by themselves. The author points out that the way a mentor goes about supporting the mentoree is wholly at his or her discretion. The paper stresses that mentors always leave a special mark with their peers, which later helps them get through their own obstacles.
From the Paper "Mentors ultimately help shape the ideal person that one strives to become and are not limited to helping one overcome any obstacles they may face. In various occasions, mentors provide one with tasks to challenge the mind to widen its thought horizons and open the door to a new world of assessment. In the reading selection, "Look at Your Fish", Scudder was faced with the obstacle of looking at his fish and closely examining it. His teacher Agassiz gave him this task because he knew that it would be hard for Scudder to examine the fish entirely. He really had to see the fish in order to succeed Agassiz? test. Beyond the test is a very important lesson to learn. That is, learning through application is the best way to achieve full understanding of any concept."
Abstract This paper provides an analysis of two different types of functional communications systems designed to teach communication skills to students with autism. The two functional communication plans analyzed are the Picture Exchange Communications System (PECS) and Facilitated Communications.
From the Paper "One chief aspect of children with autism is tangential or delayed speech and language credentials (Charlop and Haymes, 1994). Attitudinal intrusions like discrete trial procedures (Lovaas, 1987), incidental teaching (Hart & Risley, 1980), delay procedures (Charlop, Schreibman, & Thibodeau, 1985; Halle, Marshall & Spradlin, 1979), and pivotal response training (Koegel, Koegel & Schreibman, 1991) have been applied to boost speech, but more than half of children with autism still stay devoid of speech (Charlop & Haymes 1994). Other intrusions have been enhanced to hold in a focal point viable communication plans for children who do not evolve speech."
Abstract This essay discusses human behavior in organizations. The analysis focuses on issues concerning individuals, interpersonal relations, and groups, and how those combinations affect the entire "system."
From the Paper "The book, Human Behavior in Today's World, explains that organizational behavior analysis is designed to gain knowledge about individuals within an organization and to improve the overall functionality of the organization. (Ishaq 1991) Using the OBA method, the organizational behavior of individuals can be measured through three factors.(Ishaq 1991) These factors include; feedback, goal setting, and skills training. (Ishaq 1991) For the purposes of this short discussion we will focus on individual behavior as it relates to feedback."
Abstract This research paper gives detailed insights on the types of bilingual programs in the American educational system and their impact on minority students' performance. The paper examines how bilingual educational programs can prepare limited-English students for the competitive society that we live in today.
From the Paper "Moreover, researchers argue that bilingual education benefits not only immigrants, but also all children regardless of socioeconomic, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds. For all students, bilingual education "enhances intellectual growth and interpersonal-and intercultural- communication competence", both of which are essential for a successful and meaningful life in today's diverse American community and increasingly interconnected world (P. Ngai, 2002)."
