Abstract This paper utilizes the criteria set forth in Bruno Bettelheim's "The Importance of Fairytales" to analyze a seventeenth century version of "Cinderella" in relation to the needs of society. It describes that folk tales present the complexities of human behavior and morality in simple black and white terms that are easily understood by children.
From the Paper "The fairy tale, or folk tale, has existed since the dawn of mankind and has been handed down from generation to generation for the pleasure and education of children in every culture and nation of the world. In modern times, however, the age-old oral tradition of storytelling has been replaced with mediums that are capable of reaching a far wider audience much faster, such as magazines, books, television shows and movies. This increased exposure, of society, to folk tales, and the inevitable evolvement of multiple versions (Cinderella, for example, is considered to exist in over 700 different versions around the world), has led many researchers, such as Stith Thompson, Toni Morrison and Bruno Bettelheim, to conduct examinations of the influence that folk tales exert on a child's views of themselves, and of their place within the world."
Abstract This paper discusses the purpose and importance of managerial communication. It compares and contrasts three articles on the topic and then develops a managerial communication plan for the future.
From the Paper "Managerial communication is a vital aspect of any successful business. The manager who knows how to communicate with both his superiors and subordinates will have a less stressful career and a better chance at advancement. In addition the ability to communicate well in business helps the business grow and prosper which in turn benefits all who work for it. There are many ways to communicate but effective communication takes some thought and planning. Many experts have examined various methods of business communication and concluded that an open communication policy is the best way to handle the need."
From the Paper "The role of women on television has changed over the history of the medium, reflecting changes in the society over the same period. Social roles for women have changed since World War II. Media portrayals of women have been criticized for some time, and television in particular is seen as distorting many facets of American life in pursuit of commercial interests. Movies are accused of ignoring women more and more in our mass culture, and advertising in magazines and newspapers is seen as presenting a distorted view of women in particular, using them as sex objects to sell products. Television is perhaps our most immediate mass medium, entering our homes 24 hours a day, and the image of women on television has a particular power. By the 1970s, women's roles were changing form the more traditional to a somewhat different emphasis on..."
From the Paper Recent linguistic research has centered its attention on the difference between the way men and women communicate in the workplace. Deborah Tannen, Ph.D. has extended her interest in the manner women and men communicate as expressed in You just don't understand (1990). In Talking from 9 to 5 (1994) Tannen scrutinizes how women's and men's conversational styles at work affects "who gets heard, who gets credit, and what gets work done". Tannen's research focuses on conversational rituals, apologies, indirectness, authority and status. Tannen emphasizes that the way people talk influences who attains power. "The ability to influence others, to be listened to, to get your way rather than having to do what others want" defines power (Tannen, 1994, p. 317). Tannen suggests that to learn more about gender..."
Compares media perspectives, politics, elitism, technology, impact on public opinion, govt. manipulation & independence of press, live action and information access.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 8 sources, 1997, $ 79.95
From the Paper " The Vietnam conflict and the Persian Gulf War were landmarks in the evolution of media coverage of international conflicts. In Vietnam, where war was never officially declared, the press enjoyed greater freedom from military censorship than it had in previous engagements, such as the Korean War and World War II. In addition, the growth of television reporting in Vietnam made this the first war whose sights and sounds were quickly available in American living rooms. Though it may be an overstatement to credit the media with turning public opinion against American involvement in Vietnam, it is true that, by 1968, the Johnson administration's framing of the situation in southeast Asia was superseded by the media's influential conviction that the conflict was permanently stalemated. By the time of the Persian Gulf War, 24-hour-a-day, real-time coverage had become a reality.."
An analysis of how Islamic people are depicted by U.S. and Western mass media and its effects on Americans of Mid Eastern descent. It discusses cultural bases of biases & stereotypes with examples and political aspect.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 25 sources, 1999, $ 119.95
From the Paper " Media Portrait of Middle Eastern Peoples
Introduction
This research discusses the way in which the peoples of the Middle East of Muslim origins are portrayed in the American and other Western mass media, the effects of this portrayal on persons of Middle Eastern descent who live in the United States and the complex psychological, political, economic reasons for such treatment.
On the whole, the Western mass media--the movies, television, radio and other publications--portray Middle Eastern peoples from predominantly Muslim countries, including those who have emigrated from the region, in a stereotyped, biased and derogatory manner. The effects of that treatment on public opinion are to predispose the American public to expect the worst..."
From the Paper "This paper examines the speech disorder of stuttering, defining the disorder and outlining some of the theories as to what causes it. After summarizing a number of the therapies that have met with success in treating stuttering, the author examines how this particular and complex disorder can affect a child's oral reading skills.
Stuttering is a speech disorder with which most people are relatively familiar as it is not uncommon in both children and adults. Stuttering is a type of disfluency, a speech disorder characterized by repetitions of sounds, syllables or even entire words and phrases, by blocking of (usually initial) sounds or syllables, by prolongation of sounds or by fragmentation of phrases (Eisenson, 1986, p. 63)...."
Abstract This paper analyzes Deborah Tannen's theory that men and women communicate differently based on the different ways men and women perceive things, from her book "You Just Don't Understand". For men, communication is a way of maintaining status, developing a hierarchy and giving orders. In contrast, women communicate for interpersonal connections, to achieve a sense of community and to maintain equal status. This paper evaluates the possibility that such a complex subject like communication can be separated into two distinct categories so easily and whether this approach shows a stereotype that can be applied to all people.
From the Paper "There may be an overall trend towards women preferring to communicate for a certain reason, but this does not mean that every woman is the same. Accepting this view and believing that men and women can be understood so easily is a major error in judgment. It is also worth noting that in most communications it is not one person communicating with the other gender as a whole. It is one person communicating with one individual. For this communication to be most effective, the people need to make an effort to understand the perspective of each other. Attaching generalized meanings to the communication does not help with this. Another area overlooked is other characteristics that impact on a person's perspective."
Abstract The paper begins by explaining the workings of the four modes of media in the USA of the 1990?s. It then turns to the media mergers of the late 1990?s, to explore their influence on the press and their impact on the libertarian and social responsibility functions of the American media. The paper concludes with a brief look at the "watchdog theory" ? the question of the need for checks and balances in American media.
From the Paper "Newspapers are publications that are usually issued on a daily or weekly basis; the main function of a newspaper is to report news. Some newspapers also provide unique information to readers, such as weather reports, television schedules, and stock prices. Newspapers also provide commentaries on everything from politics to arts and culture. Additionally, most newspapers depend on commercial advertising for their primary source of income. ("Newspaper", 2002)"
Abstract This paper examines the effects of television on society. This paper examines how television affects people's perceptions of gender and racial inequity. The author explores how the same medium that limits our perceptions of gender and race can also provide a platform to challenge these stereotypes, looking at whether television has helped to create and perpetuate perceptions of gender and race.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Thesis Statement
Television and Perceptions of Gender
How Children form Ideas about Gender
Perpetuating Gender Myths through Entertainment Programming
Gender Portrayals on Prime Time News
Racial Stereotypes on Television
Television Shaping the Perception of Black People
Television Stereotyping Asian-Americans as the Model Minority
Television's Role in Colonial Domination of American Indians.
Conclusion and Change
Bibliography
From the Paper "According to data from the Nielsen Media Research, children aged 16 and younger have, on average, spent more time watching television than going to school. Preschoolers spend an average of nearly 30 hours a week watching television. Communications scholar Susan Witt suggests that children spend more time watching television than they spend on anything else except sleeping (Witt). Given that figure, it should be no surprise that most children will form their first durable ideas about gender roles based on images from television."
From the Paper " Communication is a factor in a relationship that cannot be ignored. Communication can either make or break a relationship. In other words, having good communication can enhance and make intimate relationships more satisfying. On the other hand, poor communication can separate and make the relationship miserable. Therefore, communication is essential in enabling two individuals to reveal, inform, and grow in an intimate relationship. Without this kind of communication, conflict and dissolution will surely result. Therefore, many studies have been conducted to improve communication skills between couples. However, these studies indicate that men and women have difficulty communicating with each other. There seems to be a gender-gap that prevents men and women from "getting through" to one another. Thus, gender (...)"
From the Paper "The purpose of this paper is to discuss television advertising and its affect on children, particularly in light of the fact that children have a difficult time differentiating between advertising and programming, much of which today is of a violent nature. In addition, the research will review what kinds of protections there are for children versus the rights of advertisers and television stations, and what have been the positions of consumer groups and governmental agencies with respect to television advertising and children. Television, both from a programming and advertising point of view, is having a dramatic, and some believe negative, impact on child development. Therefore, it is important to look at steps parents can take to respond to the barrage of advertising stimulation received by their youngsters."
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine the character of experimental evidence that shows that mnemonical techniques are successful in eliciting, retrieving, or discovering information. The plan of the research will be to set forth the theory of mnemonics in general terms, then to show the problems and processes associated with the application of this theory as revealed in various experiments and studies.
Mnemonic theory refers to a branch of learning psychology that is concerned with the art or science of improving the efficiency of the memory--in regard to either recall as such or to the accuracy of recall. A good deal of research has been done into mnemonics as a device of learning and memory, with regard to everything from standard memory recall to reading proficiency. Mnemonics is described as a form of information processing."
From the Paper "On June 17, 1972, five men were arrested in Washington D.C. while attempting to place wiretaps in the office of the Democratic National Committee Headquarters in the Watergate Hotel. During subsequent trials and a Senate hearing, it was revealed that these men were connected to the Republican Committee to Re-Elect the President. In addition, it was learned that some of President Nixon's top aides had been involved in the conspiracy to wiretap the Democratic National Committee. Furthermore, during 1973 and 1974, it became increasingly apparent that Nixon himself had been involved in the conspiracy. As a result of these disclosures, Nixon resigned from the Presidency on August 8, 1974. He was the first President in the history of the United States to resign from office. It can be seen that media coverage of the Watergate scandal played an ... "
This paper discusses the relation ship of gendr and nonverbal communication: Somatypes (body builds), matching hypothesis, attractiveness, listening, masculinity and femininity, social power, sex differences, space and clothing.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, 1994, $ 63.95
From the Paper "Because our physical appearance is the most obvious nonverbal cue we present, it prompts others to perceive us with certain expected personality traits. For example, because of generally accepted physique-temperament stereotypes, evidence shows that we do associate definite personality and temperament traits with body build.
In addition to the superficial, nonverbal cue of body build, or "somatype," we also present a range of less apparent traits and behaviors which are less clearly defined by anatomy. Even so, we will see that these behaviors are sex-specific, to the extent that males and females interact according to different nonverbal agendas. These male and female differences in interaction appear to originate both in culture and physiology, although an interaction of gender and environment is the most ... "
