This paper analyzes the various types of body languages that individuals display, particularly in the workplace, between employees and employers/management.
Abstract This paper deals with body language, specifically in relation to the manager and to employee-manager communications. The author discusses why communication as a manager is so important and also introduces the nature of communication and the part that body language plays in communication. The paper also explains why body language is even more important in a manager-employee relationship, where the nature of the relationship means that hidden meanings are expected. The paper also describes the different types of body language which include posture, affect, eye contact, etc.
From the Paper "When listening to an employee a manager can gain insight into their real thoughts by looking them in the eye, by taking note of their posture, by listening to their tone and taking note of any affect behavior. If their is any behavior indicating boredom it is also a sign that the employee is not really listening and this can then be rectified. It is also important to keep in mind that what appears on the surface does not always represent real feelings. There is a need to look beyond what is a surface smile and look to body language for clues about real feelings. Once you are aware of these feelings you can then discuss them and rectify any problems."
A summary of the article by Hakim Ben Adjou, Esq.which covers alternative dispute resolution (ADR) techniques and specifically Internet resources now available.
Abstract The article begins by noting that ADR techniques are becoming increasingly popular as an alternative to litigation. Before discussing the electronic, it first introduces the traditional ADR methods including negotiation, mediation, arbitration and moderated settlement conference, describing how each works.
From the Paper "It goes on to discuss the advantages of ADR which include speed, cost, control, confidentiality, flexibility, maintenance of relationships and ease. It also notes that there are disadvantages to ADR, stating these as being that it may not be effective in bitter disputes, that a resolution may not be reached, that fear exists that participants may not abide by the decisions reached, the fact that is does not give people their 'day in court' and the possibility of unregulated procedures.
Despite these disadvantages, both federal and state laws encourage the use of ADR procedures, with the Federal Arbitration Act and the Uniform Arbitration Act cited as examples. It is also noted that arbitration is also encouraged on an international level. The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, also known as the New York Convention and the International Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID) are referred to as evidence of this international interest in encouraging ADR."
Abstract This paper discusses the role of the paparazzi. When do the paparazzi cross the line from merely taking photographs of celebrities to invading their privacy? This paper asks if a 1999 privacy law that allows victims of the paparazzi to press charges, if they feel it necessary, threaten ones freedom of speech? .
From the Paper "They are aggressive and patient. They are hard working and enterprising. They are informed and competitive. They know their market and when and where to catch an image. They are the paparazzi and for better or for worse, they have become a part of the modern culture (Wiemer A32). "Paparazzi" is said to have evolved from a character named Paparazzo in Italian film director Federico Fellini's 1959 movie ?La Dolce Vita.? It is a fusion of two words that mean "flashbulb popping gnat" (Ehrlich 11). And as long as there is a demand for pictures of celebrities and other high profile people, there will be paparazzi (Ehrlich 11)."
Abstract All the forms of body language and how they contribute to communication are examined. The paper focuses especially on body language types, how how they are used and what it reveals about the communicator. The paper begins by briefly discussing the process of communication in regards to body language. It then looks at various forms of body language. Finally, it concludes by showing what body language contributes to communication that verbal language does not.
From the Paper "Communication can be defined as the process of creating understanding between two individuals or between an individual and a group. Communication is a transactional process, where a transactional process is defined as, "a process in which two or more people exchange speaker and listener roles, and in which the behaviour of each person is dependent on and influenced by the other" (Friedrich 11). The important point here is that in any communication, the participants are effected by each other. They interpret what the other person says, and why they say it and respond based on what they see the meaning as. Each person does not necessarily say what they think, they may say what they think is appropriate or what they believe the other person wants them to say. "
Abstract This paper analyses the reasons behind the two entertainment mega-powers' - Disney Co. and ABC - decision to merge in the content and distribution sections of their value chain. It investigates textually and graphically the economical advantages and the potential effects this decision will hold on the companies individually.
From the Paper "Another trend in the value chain is to integrate downward towards the end customer. In other words, companies will sell packages of content tailored to an individual's tastes and preferences, instead of a bulk package sold to everyone (disney.com, 1998). This is another advantage that the acquisition of distribution provides. The acquisition of distribution provides closeness to the customer and cross-selling opportunities. It provides the possibility of developing new products, differentiating existing products, and catering to individual customer needs Catering to individual needs can yield higher profit margins than selling an undifferentiated commodity."
Abstract This paper presents a look at children, television and American values. The writer collects and reviews empirical evidence about the way television affects American values in the children of the nation. The writer uses a survey approach and conducts a study of children age 5-10 year old and combines the results in this paper.
From the Paper "American values are as American as apple pie. When one has children one of the things they hope for is that they can raise those children to have strong American values, which might include respect for others, hard work and the ability to accept diversity. Often times the lack of American values is blamed on the things that children watch on television. Experts claim that the television shows that are popular today with children send a message to the children that they do not have to have values to be well liked and successful in life. Research is firmly divided on the issue and the debate continues. American values can be confusing for anyone who has to depend solely on television to attain them. Television shows today target audiences of children not only with the content of the show but with the commercials that are supporting the show. Even when the age bracket in question is not being targeted they watch and they learn from the messages that are sent."
Abstract By observing different child subjects, the writer of this paper found that while watching TV, children create their own imaginary world and are totally engrossed in it for a period of time. The writer shows that despite recent surveys showing the hazardous effect television has on children's intelligence and social skills, kids are in fact not totally engrossed with the program. The writer discusses how during the program they also insert several tasks such as inviting friends over. The question is asked why certain children lose interest in television programming during commercials and begin other tasks and whether there are any other factors from the commercial itself that prevent them from watching? The research combines behavior observation and questionnaire method to determine how children really feel and think about commercials and the reasons why they leave them.
From the Paper "During the program an observer will need to take notes on how the children behave during commercial break. Since children are doing this at their convenient time and feel nothing different with their ordinary task, it is predicted that they also have several other tasks or objects that usually they have around. Some predicted actions might include starting a chat with other family members, poking their partners and having mischief time, tipping a snack, heading to kitchen to find some other things to eat, having their heads in the clouds, falling asleep, being busy with their toys, books, or tapes, or even starting a phone call. In other case I have even found that some students study for exams while watching TV, since it relieved their boredom and anxiety before an exam. The observer will record everything during the experiment and the possible factors that may trigger the kids on doing that."
Tags: attention, span, Center, for, Media, Education
A paper discussing the interdependent relationship between interpersonal conflict resolution and effective communication, with reference to Grensing-Pophal's 'effective listening' techniques.
Abstract The following paper examines why conflict resolution is vital in relationships, whether they be marriage partnerships, friendships or work relations. Issues such as taking a dialectic perspective, jealousy management, instability, detachment and preconceived notions are dealt with. The writer makes reference to several case studies of married couples in order to support the argument.
From the Paper "The chances of having problems between persons are great. Interpersonal conflict management and communication skills are necessity. They can be applied to any situation of interpersonal conflict that occurs between two or more persons. Those persons can be spouses, co-workers, or even victim and perpetrator. In order to resolve problems, interpersonal conflict resolution and communication skills must be adhered to.According to Boisvert, et al (1995), a study was done in Quebec concerning marital conflict. The respondents were from 18 to 25 years old (33). "Results show that communication problems were perceived as particularly frequent and damaging for couples" (33)."
Abstract The following paper proposes that understanding and utilizing body language would be an effective way for a nurse to improve communication. The nature of communication and the importance of body language in the communication process is examined with a focus on how this can be used to assist in communication in a medical set-up. Based on the research in this paper, it is seen that body language can be used by nursing staff to ensure they send the right message to patients and their families and also to ensure the real message and the real state of patients can be understood.
From the Paper "From the research, we can see that body language is an important part of communication and has great effect on communication. From the nursing perspective, we have seen how it can be used to determine the patients and their families real state. We have also seen how the body language of the nurse can be used to ensure that the patients and their family feel comfortable enough to speak freely and communicate the truth.By training and ensuring that nurses are aware of body language, effective communication can be better established. This is especially important because the nature of the situation means that understanding the patient's state is critical to providing them with correct treatment and also because the nature of the situation means that the patient may not necessarily speak honestly about their conditions.Training nursing staff in the importance of body language would allow them to better communicate with the patients and their families and this in turn, would increase the quality of care that could be delivered, with the quality relating to personal needs as well as medical needs."
This paper analyzes the duplicitous nature of advertising in the fast food industry, focusing on the advertisements of three multinational fast food companies, McDonald's, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Long John Silver.
Abstract Fast food advertising has been allowed to profess anything, from the "healthy quality" of their food to the food company's contribution to homeless kids. While fast food giants are quick to take any of their detractors to court for any erroneous allegations made by members of the public, it doesn?t stop these same companies from committing libel themselves through their promotions. However, most fast food companies steer clear of making outrageous claims such any health benefits, preferring to concentrate on marketing their service's convenience, economy and perceived lifestyle. This paper endeavors to highlight this discrepancy in the industry and showcases three fast food companies and their advertising efforts in that regard.
From the Paper "Fast food outlets have become the messiah for the millions of people out there who don"t have more than five minutes to spare in grabbing a bite to eat or for the millions of mothers desperate for one night of not cooking dinner for the family. There is certainly a lot to choose from. All one has to do is switch on the television, turn on the radio, go to the cinemas or even walk down the street. People from all walks of life are bombarded each and every day with jingles and gimmicks and catchcries, inviting the consumer to partake of their fried or greasy menu. Some appeal to the consumer's need for convenience, others appeal to the consumer's economic constraints, and others appeal to the consumer's perceived utopian lifestyle. Some even go so far as to appeal to the consumer's interest in healthy eating. But are these appeals from fast food conglomerates based on truth or are they just trying to beef up their profits duplicitously" This paper endeavors to explore some claims that fast food companies have made in the past through their advertising. Three fast food giants will also be held under the microscope and studied for any evidence of duplicity through their advertising."
Abstract The effects of media are often the scapegoat for a lot of society's problems and teen smoking is no exception. Many people believe that the media is solely to blame for the rise in teen smokers in the U.S. However, there are more determinant factors at work here. This paper explores the causes of teen smoking and provides arguments against the current media effects theories circulating at the moment. It shows that the media is only a vehicle for the tobacco companies to use in promoting their brands to the general public. It shows too that the major influences that determine whether an adolescent will start smoking involve the quality of their relationship with their parents, their peer group dynamic, and the state of their emotional health. The author surmises that only in addressing the problems that may exist in these areas can society properly address the problem of teen smoking.
From the Paper "As an example of the impact advertising has on the teenaged population, another research study discovered that 12- and 13-year-olds residing in Massachusetts who had seen an anti-smoking television commercial were half as likely to take up smoking compared to those who hadn't seen the anti-smoking ad. Interestingly enough, older teenagers did not appear to be affected by the same ads. This is probably due to the fact that older adolescents possess stronger opinions about certain subjects and so cannot be easily swayed or their addiction to tobacco is already entrenched which would nullify the effects of the anti-smoking campaign on them. While the impact of media on young impressionable minds cannot be ignored, it is not the only factor that compels some teenagers to start smoking. Various other factors, which are a bigger determinant, are also at work."
Abstract This paper examines the current trend of people listening more frequently to conservative or "right wing" talk shows. It focuses on the shows of three hosts - John Carlson, Michael Savage and Rush Limbaugh and discusses how they have successfully adapted their conservative radio programs to compete with new forms of media.
From the Paper "Imagine a view from the early 1920?s; a family huddled together in front of their brand new radio. The children are excitedly waiting for the familiar sounds of ?The Lone Ranger.? Mom and Dad sit back, enjoying not only the family time together, but their moments of quiet relaxation. Eighty years ago this was the image most Americans conjure in their minds when they pictured the early day of radio. Today, radio has changed dramatically. The word radio no longer can describe the genera's housed under it. We have music radio, with pop, rock, country and jazz. Separate from musical radio is talk radio, which encompassed home and garden tips, health information, and, often, conservative opinion talk radio programs."
Tags: communication, limbaugh, mass, media, michael, radio, rush, savage
Abstract This paper explores the different experiences that students have while living on college campus. The paper discusses the difference in the college experience if you live at home versus living in the dormitories. It discusses such topics as study habits, social interaction, and absorption into the college system.
From the Paper "A second advantage of living on campus is actually a set of intangibles that enhance the educational impact of college. Dorm life fosters hard work: If a student lives in the dorms with other students, he is far less likely to feel alone or academically abandoned, and as a result, he is less likely to flunk out. College represents a major academic step for most students ? they coasted through high school and now suddenly they are challenged. A student living at home will not have many places to turn for support while burning the midnight oil studying for an exam, whereas a student living in a dorm can always strike up a conversation with his neighbor or roommate if he feels frustrated. That human contact and the awareness that others are working hard and going through the same transition often makes the difference for students."
A discussion on corporate social responsibility of television networks defined in this paper as, "business decision-making linked to ethical values, compliance with legal requirements, and respect for people, communities, and the environment".
Abstract The following paper focuses on the social responsibility of television networks in their depiction of violence. The writer gives a general introduction of the ethical issues of corporate responsibility and outlines the specifics of the corporate responsibility of television networks in their depiction of violence on television. Recommendations are given to help formulate a policy that addresses this issue. This paper also delves into the details of the implementation and evaluation of the policy to address the responsibility of television networks for violence shown on television.
From the Paper "I believe that it is not unreasonable to hold corporations to the same, if not a greater, responsibility toward the rest of society. The actions of corporations can affect, quite literally, millions of people. We only need to look at the Nestle Infant Milk Formula controversy for an especially distasteful example. Here, Nestle used misleading marketing to sell artificial infant formula to third-world children, resulting in the death of millions of these babies. See Dobbing (1988) for a detailed description of this case. Closer to home, the recent Enron scandal is another example how the actions of a corporation can damage millions of lives."
Abstract This paper examines personal communication and how psychological methods aid in improving relationship as a whole. The author writes in the first person voice, and uses the example of her personal relationship. The paper describes the expert views on the subject of well-known clinical psychologist, Larry Nadig, Ph.D.
From the Paper "One area of communication lacking in the relationship between my boyfriend and I is the failure to create meaning when engaging in conversation. It seems as though both of us are feverishly trying to prove our point, we rarely stop to receive information. The ironic part is that we both claim that one person is not listening to the other. In the heat of the moment, it is hard to stop to organize the conversation so that we can share the role of sender and receiver in order to bring meaning to our conversation. Personally, I believe that we are both so overwhelmed with emotions; the ability to gain composure is disabled. Another interpersonal communication problem that I encounter often in my relationship often occurs in the situational context."
