Abstract This paper explains that the IT department of the Citigroup's Global Corporate and Investment Banking (GCIB) implemented a revolutionary system called Mystic. The author points out that Mystic was designed and developed to not only be a transparent window into the status of all of Citigroup's GCIB IT projects but also a technology catalog, a knowledge library, a reusable asset manager and a global talent manager. The paper relates that Citigroup's Knowledge Center, an incredible asset for the organization, identifies experts in their field, which allows Citigroup to utilize these people as effectively and efficiently as possible, where their skills are needed most.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Competitive Forces Model and Citigroup's GCIB Competitive Strategy
The Business Model Processes Using the Value Chain Model
Importance of Information Technology to Citigroup The Introduction of Mystic
Advantages of the Citigroup Knowledge Center and Application by Any Large Organization
Conclusion
From the Paper "Inbound logistics includes items such as inventory control, and is one of the facets addressed at Citigroup with the implementation of Mystic. As noted, Mystic is not simply a project monitoring tool, it is also a technology catalog. Citigroup is able to manage their inventory of technology using Mystic to monitor where the technology is being implemented, how effective it is, and to warn as it nears the end of its lifecycle."
Abstract A segmented paper that includes background, production, financial performance, leader history and evaluation of Boeing, Wal-Mart, Phillip Morris, Citigroup and General Motors. It includes the historical performance of these companies given in excel charts, management info, CEO profiles, stock performance (also shown in charts), primary products carried by company and an overall evaluation.
From the Paper "General Motors Corporation divides its business into two major business segments: Automotive, Communications Services and Financing and Insurance operations. The Automotive, Communications Services segment manufactures and markets cars, trucks and heavy-duty transmissions as well as all related parts and accessories. The Financing and Insurance segment provide consumer vehicle financing, full-service leasing and fleet leasing, dealer financing, car and truck extended service contracts, residential and commercial mortgage services, commercial, vehicle and homeowners' insurance and asset-based lending."
Abstract This paper is a profile and an analysis of Citibank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Citigroup, now the entity for which financial data are reported. Citibank, always a dominant force in the banking industry in the United States, has become even more powerful following its merger with the Travelers Group to form Citigroup. This paper follows the history and growth of Citigroup.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History of the Institution
Current Structure of the Institution
Current Operations
Market Share
Competitive Advantage
Response of Citibank and Other Major International Banks to the Y2K Issue
Financial Performance
Tables
Governmental Relations
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "City Bank grew rapidly throughout the twentieth century. By the 1980s, Citibank was a wholly-owned subsidiary of CitiCorp, a financial holding company formed by City Bank. At that time, the institution consistently ranked as the largest American bank when measured by total loans, and, more often than not, when measured by total assets. It was, however, generally referred to as the country's second largest bank, because, when measured by total deposits, Bank of America was consistently ranked as the largest American bank. In 1999, Citicorp was replaced by Citigroup following the unprecedented merger of Citicorp and Travelers Insurance. The new company offers the widest array of financial services and products ever offered by a single company."
Abstract The paper discusses a variety of prominent motivational theories. The paper explores need theories, expectancy theory, and job detail theory, giving insight into what really motivates employees. Using these theories, the paper explores the motivational strategies used by Citigroup to garner a competitive advantage and secure their leadership position in the industry. The paper concludes that, through the use of motivational strategies, Citigroup is likely to continue on the path of success.
Outline:
Introduction
The Importance of Employee Retention
Motivation Theories Overview
Need Theories Overview
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
McClelland's Need Theory
Equity Theory
Vroom's Original Theory
Herzberg's Hygiene Theory
Citigroup's Use of Motivation as a Competitive Advantage and a Factor to their Success
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Knowledge management centers on employees acquiring and using knowledge to the benefit of the organization. When an organization can successfully utilize knowledge, they find they have a significant competitive advantage. For this reason, the loss of critical employees, and the loss of this knowledge base and the accompanying skills, can have a detrimental effect on the organization and reduce competitiveness (Ramlall, 2004, p. 52)."
Abstract This paper examines how banks Citigroup Inc. and J. P. Morgan Chase & Co. helped Enron Corp. avoid taxes and hide debt. It also discusses how recently new evidence has surfaced that reveals that Banks Citigroup Inc. and J. P. Morgan Chase & Co. were much more aggressive than the Senate Committee had previously thought. This new evidence is analyzed and details of their involvement is explained.
From the Paper "Several ethical issues are involved in the case, none of which have clear answers. At the heart of the matter is the concern that corporate accountants are engaging not in accounting fraud, but in misrepresentation. The motive for misrepresentation, however, seems to lie with large corporations who foster environments which reward such behavior. The ethical questions in this case are difficult because of the systemic nature of the problem. Also at issue are the virtues of capitalism itself. In one regard, corporations like Enron are simply doing what it takes to survive in a capitalistic market."
Abstract This paper attempts to analyse the budgeting practices at Citibank with respect to activity based costing, performance measurement and key performance indicators. Recommendations are also provided.
Outline
Introduction to Financial Management
Introduction to Citigroup How Citigroup handles Financial Management
Activity Based Costing and Activity Based Management
Stages of Activity Based Costing in Citibank
Identification of main cost
Activity Based Budget System
Introduction to Budgeting
How Citigroup handles Budgeting
Evaluation/ Critical Evaluation of the system
Financial Indicators & Non-Financial Indicators
What is Financial Indicator/Non-Financial Indicator
Usage of Financial Indicator/Non-Financial Indicator within Citigroup Evaluation of Financial Indicator/Non-Financial Indicator
Suggestions of improvement
Sources of Finance and Working Capital
Main sources of Finance within Citigroup Influences on working capital within Citigroup Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "Budgeting is used to assist in strategic planning. Strategic or long-range planning requires the specification of objectives towards which future operations should be directed. The search for better methods of allocating and controlling the expenditure of funds has always been very important to managers. With corporations realizing decreasing revenues and governments confronted by huge deficits, budgeting is more difficult than ever. The old methods no longer are suitable for Citibank. The newest forms of budgeting are Zero-based Budgeting (ZBB) and Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB)."
The paper disusses the need for reforms in business school curriculums to include subjects such as business ethics, in the wake of the recent spate of dishonest business practices.
Abstract The paper shows that in the wake of recent dishonest practices by Enron, WorldCom, Global Crossing, Xerox, Qwest, Arthur Andersen and Merck, many people are asking how businessmen, believed to be so well educated and leaders in corporate America, lacked the moral courage to seek and state the truth. It shows how business ethics has been thrown to the side as a wild-wild-west form of capitalism has taken hold on America's corporate leaders. This corporate malfeasance has cost thousands of jobs, trillions of dollars in stockholder value, and a skepticism of our once revered free economic system. This paper shows show why a lack of business ethics is such a far-reaching problem in our society and suggests reforms in the business school curriculum to help instill responsibility and accountability in our business leaders. It also shows how consumer education classes would help protect individuals from becoming victims of corporate greed.
From the Paper "Everywhere we look corporate America is bombarding us with advertising in the hopes of creating demand for their relatively unneeded products. Britney Spears dancing around selling Pepsi, the Dell Computers "Dude you"re getting a Dell? guy, and the billboards for SKYY vodka with images of sexy supermodels are used to create desires for individuals to increase their spending and sink further into debt. One of the underlying problems that corporations have had is that even if they bombard us with sexual images that sell products is that our demand can only be as big as our pocket books. Corporate America then came up with the idea of credit cards, which eased the liquidity problems. An article entitled "Corporate Power and the Evolution of Consumer Credit" appearing in the December 2000 issue of The Journal of Economic Issues, John Watkins, professor of Economics at Westminster College, describes how corporate power has perpetuated the debt crisis in America."
This paper gives a history of the investment firm Salomon, Smith & Barney, tracing its growth from an early beginning in late 19th-century Philadelphia.
Abstract The writer begins the paper with the initial partnership of broker Charles Barney and investment banker Edward Smith. The paper then follows the partners as they became Citigroup and eventually merged with Salomon Brothers. The paper highlights the unique qualities of this firm.
From the Paper "Smith Barney then became a subsidiary of Travelers Group when Primerica acquired that company. As a result of the continuing shakeout and realignment of the financial services industry, the trading firm, Salomon Brothers, sold itself to Citigroup. Travelers Insurance Company which had merged with Citicorp the parent holding company of Citibank (Hoovers, Online). Citigroup combined Salomon Brothers with its own Smith Barney brokerage to form Salomon Smith Barney Holdings. The merger combined Salomon Brothers' global bond-trading strength with Smith Barney's US brokerage strength."
Abstract AMF and Harley-Davidson both date to the turn of the last century. In 1969, Harley-Davidson was merged with AMF through an acquisition action by AMF. The marriage lasted but 12 years, a period during which the fortunes of Harley-Davidson's fortunes waned and AMF moved further and further away from its metal foundry roots. By the late-1970s, AMF wanted to shed Harley-Davidson and Harley-Davidson was ready to leave. Through a fortuitous set of circumstances, 13 executives of Harley-Davidson were able to buy Harley-Davidson from AMF in 1981 and restore the company to an independent status. In 1986, Harley-Davidson again went public. The primary focus of the proposed investigation is on the AMF firm. Questions such as (1) why AMF acquired Harley-Davidson, (2) why the merger failed, (3) how it happened that Harley-Davidson executives were able to repurchase Harley-Davidson and (4) how AMF evolved post-divestiture of Harley-Davidson are pursued in the proposed study.
Table of contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of the Study
Review of Literature
Theoretical Context
Systems Theory
Theories of Industry Organization
Related Research
Prior Merger Case Studies
MCI-WorldCom
Gateway-Cadence
Citigroup-Travelers
Conclusions Relevant to the Study Problem
Methodology
Research Design/Approach
Data Collection
Database of the Study
Data Validity and Originality
Data Analysis
Methodological Limitations
Method Summary
References
From the Paper "Disputes about the market structure-performance approach to the analysis of industry profitability arise due to a number of factors. The greatest areas of disagreement lie in the precise definition of the variables, and the ability to accurately measure the variables. Of almost equal significance is what is called specification uncertainty. Specification uncertainty refers to the uncertainty as to the inclusion of exclusion of additional variables in or from the equation, and the often inability to measure such variables with precision (Waterson, 1995)."
Abstract When Chase Manhattan and Chemical Bank merged in 1996, the surviving Chase Manhattan Bank was the largest bank in the United States. Over the past three years, however, Chase Manhattan has slipped to number three on the list of the largest banks in the country. This research develops an organizational profile of the bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Chase Manhattan Corporation. The paper shows that the bank is far more profitable in 1999 than it was in 1996 and it is creating greater shareholder value that it was in 1996.
Paper Headings:
Introduction
History of the Bank
Current Structure of the Bank
Organization
Management
Contemporary Operations
Competition
Market Share
Competitive Advantage
Financial Performance
Financial Position Summary: December 1991
Selected International Lending Ratios
Key Financial Operating Measures:1998
Regulatory Affairs
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Chase Manhattan Corp. restructured mentoring and employee development initiatives in an effort to be more inclusive of women in relation to induction, promotion, and organizational decision-making. The key for the endeavor, according to Chase management, is the communication of management's commitment. While cautioning women employees that, to be on a fast track, one must be willing to put a lot of effort into one's career, without interruption because it takes a long time to attain senior-level positions, Chase Manhattan also cautions senior executives within the organization that, if being a parent is not an issue for male candidates for promotion, being a parent must not be an issue for the promotion of female candidates for promotion."
Abstract This paper examines the commercial banking industry and presents the statistical facts of several financial services firms. The paper discusses Citigroup, Inc., Bank of America, J.P. Morgan Chase, Wachovia, and Wells Fargo. The paper describes how applications of new technology have radically transformed the financial services industry.
From the Paper "In 2003, Citigroup, Inc. was the world's largest financial services firm. It sold $94,713 million by December at annual growth rate of 2.3% (Caione 2004) and netted profits at $ 17,853 at an annual rate of 16.9%. With its numerous subsidiaries, Citigroup offers banking loans, asset management, insurance, investment bank and virtually every other retail and corporate financial service conceivable through its more than 3,000 bank branches and finance offices in the US and Canada and 1,500 other locations in close to 100 other countries worldwide (Caione)."
Abstract This paper describes Merrill Lynch and the financial industry. The author points out that Merrill Lynch wants to expand its business similar to the expansion of Citigroup. The paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of Merrill Lynch.
From the Paper "Merrill Lynch, Co. is a major financial services and brokerage firm currently headed by Chief Executive Officer E Stanley O'Neal, whose objectivity in moving his firm forward in a scandal charged industry is well known. New Merrill Lynch O'Neal's goal is to create a financial services colossus that has the breadth of a mega-bank such as Citigroup and the depth and trading capacity of an independent investment bank such as Goldman Sachs, Co.. With a worldwide network of retail offices, Merrill Lynch has ..."
Abstract This paper discusses the concept of owner-specific advantages or OSAs within multinational corporations. The paper provides a number of illustrative examples of large multinational organizations that employ the concept of OSAs in their operations. The paper then discusses what happens if a multinational corporation goes out of its established network and provides examples of corporations that did this.
Table of Contents:
Overview
Citigroup ING in the U.S.
Merrill-Lynch in Japan
MNC Risk in Going out of Network
Overview
LUKoil
Saudi Aramco
From the Paper "The case of Saudi Aramco is an example of the risks that MNCs run when they enter new markets and build out critical infrastructure and industry such as Saudi Arabia's oil industry. As the case illustrates, Saudi Arabia's state owned oil company, Saudi Aramco as well as Saudi Arabia's oil industry infrastructure, since 1948 belonged to a conglomerate of U.S. international oil companies: Exxon, Mobile, SOCAL and Texaco. While Saudi Arabia incrementally demanded increasing influence in Aramco, as Saudi Aramco was initially known, it was not until 1975 that the Saudi Arabian government took full possession of the company and successfully nationalized it. The original founding U.S. MNCs were left to negotiate management and concessions but and found their former dominant position in the market completely reversed and controlled by the Saudi government. Yet, because of their significant investment in the market over the years, they could not afford to simply evacuate the market and instead were willing to accept lower profits and thinner margins to assist the Saudi government in both managing some aspects of the operations as well as buying petroleum."
Abstract This essay proposes that a succession can primarily be attributed to mismanagement and poor leadership of major conglomerates. To illustrate these points, the author discusses the failure of Martha Stewart's cooking and crafts creation due to the inappropriate sale of ImClone stock. The author also discusses the executives of Tyco International being charged with looting hundreds of millions of dollars. This paper ultimately argues that by improving leadership amongst companies, a succession crises in business can be avoided.
From the Paper "Next, we see that Tyco International Ltd. Executives were charged with looting the conglomerate of hundreds of millions of dollars. In this case, the former chief executive Kozlowski, and chief financial officer, Swartz, had misled the board of directors and tried to cover his tracks. The SEC accused Kozlowski of among other things, using two hundred forty-two million dollars from an employee loan program which was designed to assist employees in purchasing Tyco stock, and instead he purchased yachts, fine art, jewelry, and threw his wife a million dollar birthday party in Italy (Koppel). These are just a couple of important scandals and organizational failures within business that have been in the spotlight. There have been several, recently, but the point is that this happens and should not, and can be avoided if the proper steps are taken to keep companies from running these risks."
