Abstract Discusses Murray Bowen's groundbreaking family systems theory & concepts. Bowen's discoveries as a psychiatrist that led to the deelopment of his theory. Treating the client as a system (a family) rather than as an individual in isolation. Emotional process that drives individual behavior & concept of differentiation of the self. Therapy & interpersonal conflicts. Therapeutic application of the theory.
From the Paper "Murray Bowen (1913-1990) was the originator of family systems theory in which the "differentiation of self" in the face of the emotional unit of the family was the core concept (Hutten, 2001). This Bowenian conception originated in Bowen's psychoanalytic training, but psychoanalytic notions were modified by his incorporation of systems-theory and evolutionary ideas subsequent to his observation of family members' effects on each other's emotional states. Bowen's discoveries and his theory were groundbreaking efforts, opening the way to a novel approach to therapy. Prior to his innovations the individual had always been the focus of attention from analysts and psychologists, but Bowen's theoretical proposals and the effectiveness of therapy based on them, led the way to a new chapter in psychotherapy. His original ideas have been reinterpreted and modified by..."
Abstract The FMLA provides a national policy to address the need among employees for workplace policies that enable them to meet what are sometimes the conflicting demands of work and home responsibilities. The paper looks at the history of this act and its subsequent benefits. The writer addresses the segment of the workforce who are actually covered by this act and the positive effect it has brought to companies.
From the Paper "Under the FMLA, employers with 50 employees or more are required to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave per year to eligible employees needing to care for a newborn, newly-adopted, or foster child; a child, spouse or parent with a serious health condition; or for the serious health condition of the employee, including maternity-related disability. Employees are eligible if they have worked for a covered employer for at least one year, and for 1,250 hours over the past 12 months and if there are at least 50 employees working for the employer within a 75-mile radius of the worksite."
Tags: workplace, health, employees, maternity, children
Abstract While in the 1960s and 1970s, child sexual abuse and child abuse in general was almost invisible, in recent year the issue is constantly in the pages of newspapers and magazines, and in portrayals on television and in movies. It sometimes appears that there has been a radical increase in the abuse of children, although experts believe most of this is the result of better reporting and changes in the perception of abuse. Still, there is a need for response; often that response leads to an intervention by human service agencies, including the possibility of removing the child from the home. The paper questions the effectiveness of these agencies in protecting children and improving their situation. The paper looks at the evolution of child welfare concepts, explores the current state of human service agency activity regarding children and comes to a conclusion about the effectiveness of human service agencies in protecting children.
From the Paper "This seems to echo the assertion by Wells and Tracy (1996) that there needs to be a new emphasis on out-placement of children in order to provide true child welfare services. They noted that recent practice has emphasized family preservation programs, rather than splitting-up families. However, they indicated that evidence has accumulated which shows that the intensive family preservation model has failed to protect children. Actually, that was not really its primary goal, since the initiative for the model developed in response to criticisms of Child Protective Services and their removal of children from the homes. The focus of the model, then, was to keep families together, while helping with family crises and protecting the children."
Tags: Elizabethan, Poor, Law, Social, Security, Act, foster, care, welfare
Abstract This paper discusses how parents across the nation are consistently searching out safe and dependable child care for their children while the parents go to work. It explores the impact that child care quality has on the development of the children who go through the program. Through a literature review it analyzes various studies on the topic as well as evaluating the military's child care system and the federal government's opinion of the importance of quality child care for the purpose of well developed children which consequently lead to well developed adults.
From the Paper "It has been suspected for years that the quality of child care has a direct impact on the development of those in care. Recently the federal government took a stand on the issue and agrees it is vital to provide high quality child care to ensure the healthy and advanced development of the nation's future members. The government alludes to the fact that a child's early experiences have significant effects on the learning and development of that child. The government also recently conducted a study of the military's child care system and believes it to be an excellent role model for quality child care seekers and providers(Child, 1997)."
Abstract This paper discusses the various ways in which children are affected by divorce - first, they are impacted by the change in income; second, a large number suffer from a lessening of ties with their fathers; third, children suffer a loss in residential stability because they often have to move out of their house and/or a new town. The research shows that the question is no longer whether divorce can be a strain on children, but rather how much of a strain.
From the Paper "Judith Wallerstein, a premier researcher in this field, notes that one of the key concerns of this generation should be the sociological and psychological effect that divorce has had and will continue to have on children. In The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce, she indicates that children from divorced parents are still experiencing negative effects even 30 years later. The book shows how these products of divorce have struggled with the fear that their relationships will fail like those of their parents. Lacking an internal template of what a successful relationship looks like, they have had to invent their own codes of behavior in a culture that offers many models and few guidelines."
Abstract Domestic violence hurts every citizen as it rages against both men and women. This paper will address the causes of domestic violence, the effects of domestic violence and the solutions. The fact is that here in the United States women and children are in danger of dying as they face terror and violence.
Abstract This paper will argue for the right of gay couples to adopt children. By looking at the facts that approve of this parental position, we can see how it has valid credentials for gay parenting in the United States.
Abstract This paper defends the position that violence in the media does indeed contribute to violent behavior in individuals. The paper cites and then negates several arguments that oppose this position and cites research to support the point of view of the paper. It is noted that media violence is not the only factor contributing to violent behavior, and some of these other factors are discussed as well.
From the Paper "Larry J. Siegel defines crime as a "violation of societal rules of behavior as interpreted and expressed by a criminal legal code created by people holding social and political power" (Siegel, 2000). Many socializing factors influence human behavior, and criminal behavior is no exception to the rule. Most influential on criminal behavior perhaps is the prevalence of violence in the media today. Hundreds of studies have been conducted in an attempt to assess the impact media violence has on human behavior. Though many still argue that the media has little or no impact on actual human activity, one cannot deny a strong and inherent link between the two."
Abstract This paper researches the diagnosis of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in children. It begins by examining the characteristics of the disorder and then discusses what causes OCD. The paper also explores different treatment options, as well as prevention methods.
From the Paper "Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is classified as an anxiety disorder. By definition, anxiety disorders are "psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety" (Myers, 2001, p. 557). In the case of OCD, it falls under the categories of both persistent anxiety and behaviors used to reduce this anxiety. Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder consists of two main behaviors: obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are "recurring, unwanted thoughts, ideas, and impulses that interrupt normal thinking, cause anxiety or fear, and will not go away" (The Cleveland Clinic [TCC], 2002). Compulsions are "behaviors or rituals that are repeated intentionally to try to control the obsessions" (TCC, 2002). This disorder usually manifests in childhood or early adolescence, and occurs equally in men and women, and in people of all different races and socioeconomic backgrounds. Currently, this disorder affects approximately 3.3 million adults and over 1 million children and adolescents in the United States (TCC, 2002). The review of this disorder will focus on four different aspects: 1. Diagnosis and characteristics of the disorder; 2. Causes of the disorder; 3. Treatment of the disorder; 4. Prevention and outlook of the disorder."
Abstract This paper looks at how raising children is a not an easy job and how one of the most difficult parts is finding the most efficient way to punish a child. It explores the topic of disciplining children by the parents, including a discussion on whether or not corporal punishment is right or wrong in both the home and school setting. It also gives alternatives to corporal punishment, such as positive reinforcement, as well as information that suggests that spanking isn't that harmful to a child.
From the Paper "Corporal punishment is a touchy subject no matter how you look at it. Some people believe that it is a necessary part of life, while others believe that it needs to be banned in the United States. The definition of corporal punishment as stated in the Encyclopedia Britannica is ?the infliction of physical pain upon a person's body as punishment for a crime or infraction.? (Britannica .com) It goes on to state ?the term also denotes physical disciplining of children in the schools and at home.? The use of corporal punishment in home and school has been widely debated. So parents have the difficult decision in how they will punish their children inside their own home and they also have to worry about how their child's teacher or school official will discipline them."
Abstract While a divorce may be devastating or relieving to a couple, children are frightened and confused by the terrible threat to their security. This paper explains, however, that if a child feels secure and loved throughout the divorce, he or she may not be harmed by the divorce at all. Reflecting on these concerns, this paper determine the effects of divorce on children.
From the Paper "For centuries, the family has an essential institution, evolving from humans' co-dependent tendencies and need for nurturing relationships (Snowdon, 2000). The family unit lays the foundation for an individuals future, having the power to influence either positively or negatively. An important part of human development and relationships, family can provide a loving and nurturing environment. However, when the family is disrupted, it can have a negative effect on the individual's self-esteem and method of relating to others. In this light, the family is a major determining factor in the outcome of a person's success and happiness in life."
Abstract This paper discusses the problem of obesity in the United States. The paper focuses on obesity in children, providing horrifying statistics of the increase of this disease. The paper identifies the medical problems that are caused by extreme overweight. The paper explains that nurses have an important role in promoting the health and well-being of the community and, by nature of their profession, they have better reach-out and interaction with the public. The paper describes the importance of planning and implementing comprehensive obesity control programs at the community level and in primary health care settings.
From the Paper "Obesity is a growing problem in America with more than 64% of the U.S adult population identified to be clinically obese or overweight. It is estimated that there are more than 300,000 deaths every year which are directly attributed to obesity. [CDC]. It would not be far fetching to say that obesity has in fact assumed epidemic proportions and is one of the fastest growing healthcare problems of our nation. There is a positive association between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and other life threatening conditions. A disturbing fact is the increasing rate of obesity among children in the age group of 4 to 16. Unhealthy eating habits and the modern sedentary life style have only aggravated the risk factors leading to a health care crisis. Nurses as community healthcare providers have an important role in increasing the awareness and initiating nutritional programs and exercise activities aimed at controlling obesity at an early age."
Abstract This paper discusses one of the greatest health risks affecting American youth today, childhood obesity. The paper claims that the number of obese children is growing at an alarming rate. The paper presents alarming statistical data concerning childhood obesity, including the heightened likelihood of children from low socioeconomic backgrounds becoming obese. The paper examines the serious and often fatal health conditions that are a direct result of obesity. Issues of self-esteem, genetics, and prevention of obesity are covered in this paper.
From the Paper "One of the greatest health risks affecting American youth today is childhood obesity. An individual who is considered obese has a disproportionately large amount of fat stored in the body, beyond the point of simply being overweight. While the definition of exactly how much fat constitutes obesity is still in flux, obesity is having excess weight enough that serious health risks are incurred by the individual. Many health professionals consider the vast amount of overweight people in our country to be of such epic proportions that it is actually known as an epidemic of fat. This condition is especially dangerous to children, and the number of obese children is growing at an alarming rate. Far from just being an issue of aesthetics or conformity, obesity may be the single biggest overall threat to the health of children in developed Western countries. While our popular culture is obsessed with the image of the thin and fabulous, this same culture is breeding generations plagued by obesity and the complications that are associated with this condition. Childhood obesity is a very serious health concern due to the medical risks and social implications, therefore the possible causes of obesity in children should be studied and identified, while a wide range of treatment options should be carefully considered."
This is a persuasive essay to move parents away from spanking their children and giving them a look at many different alternative methods to disciplining their children.
Abstract This essay takes a look at the physical and emotional consequences of spanking a child. It examines the short-term and long-term effects as well as the harm caused to parents. This essay also examines many alternative methods to disciplining a child.
From the Paper "Many parents occasionally lose their patience or, in anger or fear, may spank their youngster. For instance, if a child runs out into the street, a parent may sweep the child up and, in a moment of anxiety for the child's well-being, spank her to emphasize the parent's sense of urgency or worry. Spanking may relieve a parent's frustration for the moment and extinguish the undesirable behavior for a brief time. But it is the least effective way to discipline. It is harmful emotionally to both parent and child. Not only can it result in physical harm, but it teaches children that violence is an acceptable way to discipline or express anger. While stopping the behavior temporarily, it does not teach alternative behavior. It also interferes with the development of trust, a sense of security, and effective communication. (Spanking often becomes the method of communication.) It also may cause emotional pain and resentment."
