From the Paper " FATHER ABSENCE AND AGGRESSION IN BOYS
Introduction
"A child without a father is like a house without a roof." --A Buddhist saying
It is estimated that every night approximately 24 million American children go to sleep in father-absent homes (Saindon, 1998). Moreover, research indicates that children raised in single-parent, father-absent households are at-risk for several negative adjustment outcomes including suicide, homelessnes, runaway behavior, drug use and high school failure (Papalia and Olds, 1995).
The purpose of this paper is to examine for the influence of father absence on the development of aggression in male offspring. To this end, the paper first examines the literature.."
Sociological & psychological analysis of evolution of gangs, examined in terms of members' motivations, behavior, attitudinal change and female members.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, 1999, $ 47.95
From the Paper "Street Gangs
Brief Overview of Gang Activity
Youth gangs today are in all 50 states as well as in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and U.S. territories (Spergel, 1995, p. 203). In the early 1990s, a study by Curry surveyed 79 of the largest U.S. cities with populations over 200,000 and found that more than 90 percent had a gang problem (Curry et. Al., 1992, p. 22). Gangs also exist in smaller cities, suburban communities, small towns, and rural areas that have no recognized history of gang problems (Spergel, 1995, p. 203). However, gangs in these areas usually do not exhibit the same degree of organization, violence, and criminality as in the larger cities.
Street gangs have been in America since early in the nineteenth century. They began as normal play groups or street-corner clubs for young people.."
Sociological analysis of causes (socioeconomics, self-image, sense of belonging), theories, drugs & violence, social structure, alienation, race and family problems.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 8 sources, 1999, $ 79.95
From the Paper " Numerous authors have noted the growing gang problem in the United States, and various researchers have undertaken to determine why young people join gangs as a way of developing a response and of finding means of prevention. The gang problem is largely an urban concern and has been related economic issues, racial strife, broken homes, the drug problem in the cities, and similar social forces, but there is also a psychological dimension to be considered in terms of why individuals respond to gangs and what they get out of joining a gang. In some degree, the reasons relate to rationales for criminal behavior in general, but at the same time there are added dimensions related to socio-economic position, peer pressure, family situation, and similar issues.
A look at how the gang problem developed is instructive..."
From the Paper "Friendship offers social and psychological benefits across the lifespan and has different values at different stages of life. Friendship in its broadest sense can be considered a connection between human beings alleviating the isolation of the individual human psyche. Friendship develops across the life cycle and changes as the nature of human psychology and social interactions changes. There are different ways of viewing the life cycle, one way being to see it extending through a series of stages covering infancy, pre-school, early adolescence, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. Friendship is important at each of these stages and provides specific comfort and needed interpersonal connections for each individual.
The stages can be framed in different ways and have been by ..."
From the Paper "This paper is an analysis of the book, Ryan: A Mother's Story of Her Hyperactive/Tourette Syndrome Child, by Susan Hughes, a first-person narrative of a mother's struggle to understand, deal with, and correctly diagnose the problems she encountered in raising her second child. The book is especially useful for the social work professional because it portrays a complex and difficult situation from the perspective of the nonprofessional who first encounters it. Hughes shows the frustrations that a layperson confronts in coming to terms with the fact that a problem exists and the obstacles that often stand in the way of getting help from the social work and medical community. The book reminds professionals that the problems with which they are trained to deal originate with individuals who usually do not have the training to diagnose them but who must ..."
From the Paper "Juvenile justice system statistics of delinquent behavior, as compared to self report studies, fail to accurately reflect the extent of delinquency in the middle class. As such, the juvenile justice system purports that delinquency predominately occurs among lower class minors. The extent of middle class delinquency and its varieties, however, show that socioeconomic status does play a role in the outcome of these cases, revealing biases within the juvenile justice process along the way.
When many people think of juvenile delinquents, poor, minority children come to mind. This is not an altogether inaccurate supposition, although not necessarily for the reasons one might be inclined to expect. Socioeconomic..."
From the Paper "Violence in American High Schools
Introduction
The more publicly visible and horrifying acts of violence in American high schools, and junior high schools, this past year have just been the tip of the iceberg. Violence in American schools has increased dramatically - often associated with youth gang activity. In looking at some recent figures for the school year 1996-1997, there were 4,000 cases of rape and sexual assault reported. There were also over 11,000 cases of physical assault reported, including assaults with weapons. This seems to be correlated, to some extent, with an increase in youth gang violence which has more than doubled during the past two decades (Owens, 1999). "
An examination of cross-cultural differences in the cause and treatment of physical abuse. Includes parenting, punishment, risk models, intervention and the role of social workers.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 18 sources, 2000, $ 95.95
From the Paper "Cross Cultural Differences in Child Physical Abuse:
The Theory and Research
Introduction
Nature and Scope of the Problem
Over several decades, a substantial body of research has been accumulated indicating that there are a number of crosscultural differences in people's perspectives of what constitutes physical abuse of children (Hart, Binkley & Brassard, 1998).
Because many countries either collect no statistics on child
physical abuse and/or only minimal statistics, it is impossible to arrive at a global estimate of the problem (Buchanan, 1996).
However, it is known that in America alone, approximately three million children are reported to child protective services for child maltreatment; of these, about 22 percent are for..."
Abstract This paper discusses overprotective parenting and how parents who take their responsibilities too far and are overconcerened for their child's welfare can actually stifle the child's growth. This author takes an in-depth look at the causes and consequences of overprotective parenting, and examines a possible solution for the problem of overprotective parents.
From the Paper "Children are so small and delicate when they are born that parents cannot help but feel protective of their little bundles of joy. Because they brought the child into the world, they feel that they must look out for him or her. This is a natural and healthy response to a new baby.
However, as the child grows, so does their need for independence. This is where the role of a parent gets tricky. Many parents take their guardian roles too far. They have the best intentions, in most cases, as they aim to shield their children from harm. However, they smother their child, preventing them from fulfilling their needs for freedom and growing up."
Abstract This paper discusses how to integrate physically disabled children into a normal school setting through specially designed programs and the definate advantages of this integration. It evaluates how children interacting with their other normal peers and growing up in a normal setting show their optimal level of performance and sometimes surpass their normal peers to a level that helps to confidently face the real life situation later in life. It also shows how children without disabilities can realize their abilities in this situation and learn to treat disabled children with respect.
From the Paper "Another important aspect, which is necessary for the successful integration of disabled children in a normal school environment, is the attitude of the teacher. The teacher is a key to success for a child with disabilities. The attitude and abilities of the teacher to help out the disabled students plays a significant role in defining the success of the special education programs. If the teacher is able to create a sense of love and affection among the disabled children, they are likely to follow his or her instructions and therefore their performance will improve."
Abstract This paper sheds light on the importance of family-centered care and explains how it can help in creating a better Emergency Department. The care being referred to here is support by medical staff, given to families of patients in the emergency department. This kind of support, if given personally and with consideration, can minimize the pain and confusion associated with this experience. The paper analyzes an article that appeared in RN magazine and assesses the validity of certain steps mentioned by the author, on how to provide effective support for these families.
From the Paper "Emergencies can occur anytime and they are usually referred to the Emergency departments of hospitals because of the gravity of the situation. While most Emergency departments are well equipped with necessary medical equipment and staff, what they may sometimes lack is a set of family-centered practices. An article that appeared in RN magazine's April 2002 issue emphasized the need for more family-centered care in ED, because it was found that hospitals can make their emergency unit stand apart from the rest with such positive approaches."
Abstract This paper attempts to look at some of the changes in the family by comparing the modern family of today with the family of the post World War II generation. It does this by interviewing a women born post World War II and assessing the structure of the then family unit, the role of the parents and children and discipline. It compares attitudes to issues such as children born out of wedlock and adoption, then and now and shows how there are two characteristics of the modern society that account for most of the differences. Firstly, women are now working resulting in a two-income family becoming the norm and the high rate of divorce has led to a rise single-parent families.
From the Paper "This can be compared to the modern treatment of children born out of wedlock and children being adopted out. Firstly, children being born out of wedlock is no longer a "sin" that needs to be hidden. Secondly, adoption is now treated very differently. Adoption no longer means giving up all claims to the child. Instead, the child could be raised aware of their biological parents. It is also important that it is an accepted part of the issue that children will one day find and meet their ?real parents.? In contrast, the World War II parent was forced to give up all knowledge of their child."
Abstract This paper evaluates the problem of teen smoking which is on the rise compared to the decrease in adult smokers. It examines the history and causes of teen smoking including the factors influencing children to start smoking at a young age. Children are three times as likely to smoke if both of their parent's smoke and parents' approval or disapproval of the habit is also a significant factor. It shows how the tobacco industry from its earliest marketing days has aggressively targeted young people and the ease of buying such as from vending machines only worsens the problem. It discusses steps that can be taken to eradicate the problem through advertising and restricting sales and concludes with positive action that can be taken to help a teen smoker stop.
From the Paper "Another way to halt the teenage smoking plague is to restrict sales. In 1992, Congress enacted the Synar Amendment, which requires states to put teeth into their laws against selling cigarettes to minors, or lose much-needed federal money for drug and alcohol treatment. The Synar Amendment has gone unforced for nearly three years, awaiting permission of the regulations by the Office of Management and Budget. In the meantime, any real progress on enforcing sales laws has arisen at the local level."
A description of the State programs offered to juvenile offenders from broken homes which helps them become fully-functioning and socially responsible adults in order to integrate into society.
Abstract The paper describes the range of helpful services provided by the Independent Living Programs and lists the desirable goals of these programs. The paper decribes how these programs help with life-skills and social and psychological problems. It also explains how the programs provide a general education and vocational training.
From the Paper "Thus, Independent Living programs like those in Texas, Maryland, Florida, Virginia, and other states, provide a unique and exciting alternative to traditional methods of dealing with delinquent youth. The independent living arrangements, whether in apartments, or residential facilities, or halfway houses, offer juveniles an escape from the problems of home and at the same time, a very real sense of personal responsibility."
Tags: youth, child, law, crime, rehabilitation, social
Abstract An existentential nihilist paper on Albert Camus's essay on "An Absurd Reasoning." The paper focuses on Camus' major theme of absurdity with its relation to life and suicide. The paper uses quotes from Camus and examines the concepts of society and its ideal ethics.
From the Paper "Existential nihilist philosopher and 1957 Nobel Prize winner for literature, Albert Camus wrote an essay entitled ?An Absurd Reasoning,? where he suggests suicide is a solution to the absurd. As horrifying as it may sound and as absurd as it may seem, surprisingly, there is logic to his rather depressing theory. Due to society's concept and interpretation of suicide, Camus theory may and most likely be ignorantly disregarded. However, the purpose of this essay and perhaps also the impact may in doubt be able to reach upon and grasp further than the concepts of society and their ideal ethics. In order to grasp Camus theory, one must not understand but rather identify absurdity with its own parallel connection to the self. Without a reason to live and the absurdity in the pursuit of meaning, a simple conclusion may be drawn rather than sought, where suicide is the solution to the absurd."
