Abstract Physical growth rates among infants vary greatly; therefore parents should not compare the physical growth of their infants with that of another child believes the author of this paper. The author also believes that physical development or maturity (maturation) cannot be taught to an infant but rather is dependent on the development of the baby's muscles and bones.
Tables of Contents
General Appearance
Infant Skin
Movement and Mobility
Strength
Bones
Physical Development
From the Paper "During the study of physical development of infants, it was found that the growth in all infants is not always the same. Babies grow at his or her own rate and learn things according to his or her own capabilities and environment. It is therefore advisable to the parents to not to compare the growth of their infants with that of the other as the growth rate among children vary to a considerable extent."
Abstract This paper examines the issue of poverty in cities following recent mass urbanization. It uses Panama City as an example and looks at the social ramifications of poverty, its effects on the wider population of the city and what the authorities are doing to prevent its spread. The issues of crime, drugs, prostitution and child abuse are discussed.
From the Paper "Just like other capitals and major cities in Latin America and other developing countries, Panama City is the destination for urbanization from the surrounding areas. Forming new communities and enlarging suburban areas, the urban people have added burden to the city sustainable area and deteriorate the whole condition with more social problems as the effect of the urbanization. The poverty level increases as indicated by the number of unemployment, low wages, job cuts, inability to adapt to the fare hike, increasing number of street children from time to time, and the rising social riots and demonstration fashion as well as the crime rate. There is an unbalanced condition caused by social gap, excessive urbanization, poor city planning, corruption, and deteriorating environmental support on the Panama Canal that possibly had caused the poverty."
Abstract The paper shows that in the United States the suicide rate among teenagers has tripled in the last 25 years and is now the second most common cause of death of teenagers. Although the psychiatrists and sociologists are still struggling to find the causes behind the trend, recent research indicates that depression, substance abuse, behavioral problems, easy access to guns, family history of suicides, and exposure to violence are major risk factors leading to suicide in the young. In this paper various aspects of adolescent suicides are examined, including its major causes, its occurrence among the youth of different ethnic backgrounds and sexual orientation. The paper also looks at ways of preventing it.
From the Paper "Three times as many teenage girls attempt suicide as boys. However, the single most likely candidate for "successful" suicide is the white teenaged boy. The reason why more girls attempt suicides but the boys lead the field in fatal suicides is because the boys are likely to use more lethal methods for suicide such as firearms and hanging. The girls usually resort to methods such as consuming sleeping pills that have a higher survival rate. Moreover, according to psychiatrists, the girls while attempting suicide are crying out for help in desperation and could be secretly hoping to be rescued. On the other hand, the boys "conditioned to bottle up their emotions"?are so ashamed of their feelings that they figure they are better off dead.?"
Abstract This paper is based on the hypothesis that teenage males who are socially excluded in schools become more aggressive toward individuals and may become bullies. This paper provides a thorough study into this hypothesis using a literature review, methodology, questionnaire and measures to validate the argument. Statistics are also provided and examined. The limitations of the study are presented along with its findings.
From the Paper "Ricky was a student that suffered with asthma. Often he had to use his inhaler to be able to breathe. Ricky was tormented by a group of male bullies. This group of boys who were continually would take his inhaler medication from him to play with it by spraying classmates or themselves. They essentially wasted the inhaler that was vital for Ricky. This went on until one cold day in December 1994. Ricky was found dead at school. He died of an asthma attack. His inhaler was found empty (Noll 2000). In the past research has shown a correlation between problems in the home and aggression in the adolescent. However, it has been overlooked that many children are daily abused by verbal and physical acts of violence in the schools. "Between 1979 and 1991, nearly 50,000 American children were killed by guns"more than the number of Americans killed in Vietnam in 25 years? (Webber 1997). Research shows that boys who are bullied during the elementary school years may become aggressive during the middle school or high school years. The number of violent acts in schools is continuing to grow. It is important to recognize why students are becoming more violent and to take measures in preventing these acts of violence. "Few schools take the necessary steps to screen routinely for students displaying risk for these behaviors, and interventions, when implemented are often less than effective" (Acker and Talbott 1999). More research should be done considering this topic to prevent further school violence."
Abstract A discussion of the ramifications of illicit drug use. This paper demonstrates a critical understanding of the ramifications inherent in illicit drug use and related drug issues to specific examples highlighted within the film ?Trainspotting.? Different forms of drugs, from the softest to the hardest type are mentioned and the side-effects examined.
From the Paper "Drug use has existed for thousands of years, but it has only been during the last few decades that abuse has become a social problem, particularly among young people. Perhaps the main reason for the rise in drug abuse is the very simple fact that drugs are more available today than fifty years ago. And the primary reason for the abundant availability of drugs today is a simple fact as well, money. Drug trafficking is a multi-billion dollar business that involves a myriad of players and dealers. What once was found only in urban back alleys, now can be found literally anywhere, small rural towns, suburban shopping malls, even local schools. Drug abuse can be found in most every family. Moreover, hardly a week goes by that tabloids do not glare with headlines concerning a celebrity going into rehab for a drug addiction, whether prescription or illegal. Drug use has been glorified and demonized in the media depending on the political air of the times. However, the media has also portrayed drug use and abuse in very realistic fashion, from feature news reports to movies. Regardless of how it is depicted, drug use is real and drug awareness has become a part of our everyday life."
From the Paper "With the ever-expanding role of the internet in children's lives, and younger and younger children gaining internet access, there is a need for control of their access to unsafe sites. Studies suggest nearly two-thirds of children now use the internet, which has presented some problems for both internet providers and lawmakers alike (Hertzel, 2000). Some form of control, either in the form of something akin to the television V-chip to limit children=s access to certain sites, or some form of regulation on how much information about a child can be collected over the internet by the various websites is needed. Despite passage by Congress of the Child Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) and internet tools to restrict access to various sites, there is still concern over the issue of child safety on the internet."
From the Paper "In the last 100 years, experts from fields such as pediatric medicine, psychology and child development have offered a plethora of advice to new parents. Beginning with the medically-based advice of Dr. L. Emmett Holt (1894) and the psychological counsel of Dr. John Watson (1925), we can see the seeds of more modern (and still relied-upon) works, such as those of Dr. Benjamin Spock (1945) and Dr. Penelope Leach (1979). Examined comparatively, these books provide a fascinating window into the ideas about children and childhood that characterized their respective eras. As such, this paper focuses on the similarities among and differences between the seminal works of these four experts, with specific attention to the ways they have influenced our understandings of the very experience of childhood.
EARLY WORKS: PRESCRIPTION AND CONTROL..."
From the Paper "Ella Taylor considers American television to be a contemporary form of storytelling that reveals generally held views about the identity and role of the family in American culture. She argues that television's accessibility and the size and heterogeneity of its audience make it the most truly popular and populist of modern cultural forms. Also, the language and imagery of family can be observed in all genres of television shows, including comedy and dramatic series, daytime and nighttime soaps, made-for-TV movies, and even news programming.
Taylor analyzes each decade of television programming as a combination of marketing exigencies and cultural trends that produced different portraits of American social life. She argues against shows that promote 'traditional ..."
From the Paper "Linda Gordon's Heroes of Their Own Lives: The Politics and History of Family Violence describes the social, political, and cultural phenomenon of family violence largely directed against women and children in the period from 1870 to the 1960s. Her text is historical, descriptive, and analytic. As she states in her introduction, her thesis is that "family violence has been historically and politically constructed" (Gordon, p. 3). Further, Gordon (p. 3) believes that "family violence arises out of power struggles in which individuals are contesting real resources and benefits." This brief review will first summarize Gordon's central themes, then offer an interpretation of those themes and arguments. The report will conclude with a discussion of the significance of Gordon's arguments about the causes of and responses to family violence for a wider audience than that.."
From the Paper "Psychological Effects of Adoption
Jerome Smith is one of the country's foremost experts in adoption practice. He is the author of best-selling books on adoption practice and policy and he played a significant role in evaluating the parent-child bond in the famous Baby Jessica case. He is also an adoptive parent. Smith argues that most adoptive parents share the same concerns for the psychological development of their children as do biological parents. However, he states that adoptive parents have additional concerns related to the fact of adoption (Smith, 1997, p. 69).
Smith argues that the psychological effects of adoption on children will, in most cases, be a direct result of the parents' own psychological preparation for and adjustment to the adoption. He maintains that it is difficult to evaluate a child's adjustment to life..."
From the Paper "Domestic violence is widespread in America, and is usually thought of in terms of violence by men against women, though some women do batter men. Child abuse is also very common, and can involve violence against children of either sex by adults of either sex, even to the degree that it is not uncommon for children to be murdered by relatives. A hidden side of domestic violence is that between partners in same sex-relationships. It occurs between gay men and between lesbians.
It has been estimated that more than six million women are victims of domestic violence every year in the United States, and this violence ranges from simple hassling in the street to rape and incest, to physical and psychological abuse, all of which are very destructive on the physical and mental health of a woman (Bernhard, 2000). While some woman-to-woman abuse takes place ..."
From the Paper "Feminist theorists often analyze society in terms of gender relations and specifically in terms of how issues of differential power affect gender relations. Society today asserts that men and women are equal, but this is not the case in practical terms. They may be treated equally under the law, but they are not treated equally in most respects. They simply do not have the same opportunities in the business world, for instance, and even gender relations are shaped more by what society decides is correct than by individual desires. The plight of women in society has been addressed by a number of feminist theorists as diverse as Mary Wollstonecraft in the eighteenth century and Catherine MacKinnon and Carole Gilligan more recently. These issues have also been addressed in a number of films as well, and a film like American Beauty..."
From the Paper "A 1997 survey on Internet usage estimated that about 18.8 million U.S. kids under age 18 had access to home computers. Using the Internet, sending email and searching the Internet for non-school work sites was done by 46 percent of low-income teens compared with 67 percent from wealthier families (NUA Surveys Online). That would suggest that four years ago, there were a sizable number of teenagers who had taken to the Internet. However, direct marketing to that demographic was not an essential part of the market, since the whole concept of buying on the Internet was actually only two years old (based on the establishment of Netscape in 1994).
A current survey released Sept. 13, 2000, by Jupiter Communications, a company that specializes in Internet research, revealed a poll that revealed some data that is causing online ..."
From the Paper "To many people today, the term "family violence" naturally conjures up images of brutality against spouses and children that occurs within the family setting. However, in Heroes of Their Own Lives: The Politics and History of Family Violence, Linda Gordon challenges this perception by demonstrating that the term "family violence" is a dynamic concept that alters throughout history. According to Gordon, family violence ?has been historically and politically constructed,? dependent upon the prevalent perceptions of the times and the power struggle that occurs within the family in response to its environment (2-3).
Throughout the book, Gordon successfully illustrates how the changing perceptions of the times exerted an impact on the ..."
Compares & contrasts mid-1990 cases: the kidnapping & killing of 12-year old Polly Klass & the drowning by Susan Smith of her 2 sons. Discusses circumstances, motivation, politice investigations, infanticide.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 12 sources, 2001, $ 55.95
From the Paper "This research paper compares and contrasts two of the most celebrated American child murder cases of the 1990s --the kidnapping and brutal slaying of 12 year old Polly Klaas in Petaluma, California by Richard Davis in October 1993 and the deliberate drowning by Susan Smith of her two sons, three year old Michael and 14 months-old Alexander, on the outskirts of Union, South Carolina on October 25, 1994.
Introduction
Because of the helplessness of the victims of child murders, the grisly details of their slaying and the suffering and trauma involved, public attention in the United States has often been riveted on, and shocked by, child murders. Berg (1998) said the kidnapping and murder of the infant son of ..."
