From the Paper
" SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROBLEMS OF ADOLESCENTS FROM DIVORCED FAMILIES:
RESEARCH PAPER
Review of the Literature
The purpose of this paper is to delineate, discuss and summarize the existing research on substance abuse problems of adolescents from divorced families. The presented review covers two broad categories of studies. These are: (1) studies examining whether adolescents living in divorced families are more likely to abuse substances than adolescents living in intact nuclear homes; and (2) evaluative studies of diverse kinds of treatment for adolescent substance abusers living in divorced family situations.

Influence of Parental Divorce on Adolescent Substance Abuse
Examination of the existing research tends to indicate that.."

From the Paper
" Hillary Rodham Clinton, in her book, It Takes a Village and Other Lessons Children Teach Us, attempts to please all of the people all of the time. Her position is that children are at risk in today's society from drugs, violence, premarital sex, a lack of health care, too much television, the education system, in general, from the social structure of society itself. Hillary Clinton, throughout the book, states the importance of a child having "good" parents, but she consistently promotes the idea of governmental programs replacing parental oversight of children. She wants to remove the responsibility and credit of raising good children from the parents and place it on the government and society. This duality, claiming that parents have the greatest impact on a child's life and stating that parents must relinquish control of their own children to society, which wishes to "help".."

Tags: PSYCHOLOGY: CHILD & ADOLESCENT, BOOK REVIEWS (NON-FICTION) (ALPHABETIZED), SOCIOLOGY: SOCIAL PROBLEMS

Abstract
What are the effects of day care centers on young children and what variables moderate these effects? The purpose of the review of literature presented here is to provide an answer to this question

From the Paper
" EFFECTS OF DAY CARE CENTERS ON YOUNG CHILDREN
Introduction
What are the effects of day care centers on young children and what variables moderate these effects? The purpose of the review of literature presented here is to provide an answer to this question.

General Effects of Day Care
In a comprehensive review of the literature on the effects of day care on young children, Sale (1998) noted that most of the research conducted on day care centers was relatively negative indicating that, at least for young school age children, the effects were about the same as for self-care conditions. However, it was observed that over the years, day care centers improved greatly, expanding services to include appropriate educational.."

From the Paper
"THE EFFECTS OF TELEVISION VIOLENCE ON CHILD BEHAVIOR: SUMMARY
This study examined the relationship between viewing by children of television programming with violent content and manifestations of violent or aggressive behavioral tendencies by children. This study is important because criminal activity generally and violent behavior particularly committed by children in the United States is increasing as the overall rates of both violent and non-violent crime in this country are declining to some extent.

Social learning theory is posited as the way in which viewing violent programming on television is translated into violent behavior by children. Children begin to imitate adult behaviors at the earliest ages. The ability to imitate behavior is both useful and necessary for child development. While.."

Abstract
There are many psychological issues uncovered in this book and many problems suspected, although not all diagnosed. Each of the characters in the family has psychological problems, and together they are in a muddle of difficulty and problematic communication.

From the Paper
"Ordinary People

Introduction
There are many psychological issues uncovered in this book and many problems suspected, although not all diagnosed. Each of the characters in the family has psychological problems, and together they are in a muddle of difficulty and problematic communication.
There are at least three separate treatment situations. First, there is the treatment of Conrad at the mental hospital, which involved both talk therapy and ECT. Then, there is the treatment of Conrad by Dr. Berger, which relied on talk therapy. Finally, there is brief mention of Conrad's father, Cal, beginning to work with Dr. Berger on his own issues. The focus of this paper is the second course of treatment, with reference ..."

Abstract
A research proposal to determine if the justice system fails to rehabilitate offenders. Examines recidivism, stigmatization and at-risk youths.

From the Paper
"The Effects of the Criminal Justice System on Criminal Behavior:
Are Youthful Minor Offenders Condemned for Life?

I. Statement of the Problem
Recidivism is the propensity of persons convicted of criminal behavior to continue and even expand that behavior after leaving the care of the criminal justice system. Recidivism rates of up to 90% have been reported (Brier, 1994, 215). Thus, prior involvement with crime is often the single best predictor of future involvement with crime. The unanswered question, however, is whether past criminal behavior alone is the major culprit, or whether there is an intervening variable that enhances the potential for future crime. There is evidence that the criminal justice system is little more than a crime ..."

Abstract
Introduction
When people think of problems with child labor, they do not think of the United States anymore. The United States has laws that establish how children must be to perform certain kinds of work, and those laws are strictly enforced. The new face of child labor involves children from developing countries, often children who are working in factories to create goods that are then sold to consumers in the United States. Rugs, soccer balls, clothing all of these have been in the news because of the exploitative child labor practices of the suppliers and producers of these products.

From the Paper
"Global Child Labor Practices

Introduction
When people think of problems with child labor, they do not think of the United States anymore. The United States has laws that establish how children must be to perform certain kinds of work, and those laws are strictly enforced. The new face of child labor involves children from developing countries, often children who are working in factories to create goods that are then sold to consumers in the United States. Rugs, soccer balls, clothing all of these have been in the news because of the exploitative child labor practices of the suppliers and producers of these products.

The International Labor Organization estimated that approximately 250 million children in developing countries are ..."

Abstract
In Jonesboro, AR, two boys, ages 11 and 13, set off their school's fire alarm and shot classmates and teachers as they emptied into the schoolyard. Four were killed and 11 wounded. In Springfield, OR, a 15-year-old opened fire in his school cafeteria, killing two and injuring 23.

From the Paper
"Causes of Violence in Schools

In Jonesboro, AR, two boys, ages 11 and 13, set off their school's fire alarm and shot classmates and teachers as they emptied into the schoolyard. Four were killed and 11 wounded. In Springfield, OR, a 15-year-old opened fire in his school cafeteria, killing two and injuring 23. His parents were found dead at home. In Pearl, MS, a 16-year-old killed his mother with a butcher knife and then headed off to school where he shot and killed his ex-girlfriend and another female student. In Paducah, KY, a 14-year-old opened fire on his school prayer group, killing three female students and wounding five others.

This spate of killings has struck horror in the hearts of ..."

From the Paper
"The Impact of Parental Substance Abuse on Child Abuse
Introduction
KidsCampaign (1998), a national foster care organization, reported that of all the recent trends in child welfare, perhaps none has been more troubling than the increase in cases of child abuse and neglect resulting from parental abuse of alcohol and drugs. In this regard, the organization states that nearly 3.1 million American children are, each year, reported to child protective services as abused or neglected; and substance abuse was found to be a factor in a majority of these cases.
It is further reported by the organization that research conducted by the Child Welfare League of America and other organizations have found that substance abuse to be a factor in at least 75 percent of all placements in out-of-home care. It is..."

Abstract
This paper evaluates the issue of corporal punishment or for the purpose of the paper, spanking and slapping and attempts to evaluate whether or not it is true that corporal punishment is harmful to children not only from a moral or ethical point of view but also from a purely pragmatic one. It examines attitudes between different cultural and socioeconomic groups as well as the attitude of the medical profession through analysis of surveys. It also discusses the issue of whether children spanked as a child more likely to spank their own children.

From the Paper
"Many people ? those who are opponents of all forms of corporal punishment ? believe that even such relatively mild forms of physical punishment as spanking are in fact forms of child abuse. The strongest opponents of corporal punishment consider the use of physical force to be not only morally wrong but also counterproductive. Opponents of corporal punishment tend to believe that spanking and other forms of physical punishment make children more aggressive as well as less well adjusted socially ? conditions that tend to exacerbate whatever behavior it was that prompted the spanking or slapping to begin with. This means that this unwanted behavior is likely to reoccur in an even more exaggerated form and be even harder to stop."

Tags: discipline, spanking, slapping, psychological, research, child, abuse

Abstract
This paper looks at changing family structures in America. The traditional family is discussed as well as different recent family structures that are now widely accepted. The author illustrates how the debut of these new family structures will help the next generation become more open-minded citizens of the world than past generations. The importance is stressed of how the shift in attitudes and our increased awareness and acceptance of things other than the norm has allowed such families to grow without shame or stigma.

From the Paper
"The traditional definition of family included a man and woman with children and perhaps a grandmother and a grandfather. Over time, it was common to find families consisting of adopted children, children of family members and stepchildren (i.e. "The Brady Bunch"). The 1990 U.S. Census revealed that only 16 percent of today's families fit the traditional definition.

Today's families may consist of married couples without children, cohabiting families, and single-parent families, blended families, stepfamilies, grandparent-led families, multiracial families, families where the adult(s) are homosexual, commuter families, foster home families and community families. In a study by Jan Hare and Lizbeth Gray, Professors at Oregon State University outlined some of the many scenarios that have arisen due to the evolving familial structure."

Tags: family, structure, children, parents, attitudes, traditional, father, mother

Abstract
The paper explains that the sexual nature of child abuse can be termed into three areas: non-physical or non-contact, physical and violent. After providing a historical overview of child sexual abuse (CSA), the paper examines the factors preventing and promoting its occurance and indicators to look out for. Ethical considerations are discussed as well as intervention and treatment options and prevention efforts.

From the Paper
"Child sexual abuse (CSA) is one form of child maltreatment that may indeed be the most devastating, and may occur in the context of other forms of child maltreatment such as physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. CSA has various definitions depending on the context it is being defined for and the society or community it is being defined in. Generally speaking however, CSA involves: "contact or interaction between a child and an adult when the child is being used for the sexual stimulation of the perpetrator or another person. Sexual abuse may also be committed by a person under the age of 18 when that person is significantly older than the victim or when the perpetrator is in a position of power or control over another child" (Wurtele & Miller-Perrin, 1992, p. 5). The above definition applies to extrafamilial CSA (occurs outside the family, usually by acquaintances, but sometimes by strangers) as well as intrafamilial CSA (occurs within the family or incest)."

Tags: incest, sodomy, molesting, Freud, feminist, CAPIT, trauma

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to discuss sibling birth order, its effect on personality, and normal and abnormal and intellectual behavior.

Birth order is the position into which a child is born within the framework of a specific family. Birth order influences how one copes with people and society, on an individual and on a group basis.

Studies and experiments tend to prove that birth order, or ordinal position in a family, is useful in gaining insights into human behavior and patterns of behavior. The birth order factor is also useful for teachers and counselors dealing with adolescents, particularly in a classroom situation since birth order and sibling interaction also effects motivation, achievement, social skills, career choice and life style."

From the Paper
"Alcoholism is a serious disease, which affects not only the alcoholic, but his family as well. The American Medical Association; the World Health Organization; the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare; the American Psychiatric Association; and others consider alcoholism
to be a disease.

A report of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse
to the United States Congress in 1981 revealed the following:
1. Alcohol related automobile accidents cost
California residents $825 million annually.
2. Health and medical bills for alcohol related
problems cost Californians over $2 billion annually.
3. Of California's 24 million plus population more than 1.5 million have a significant drinking problem, each one (...)"

Tags: ALCOHOL

From the Paper
" The purpose of this paper is to discuss the pros and cons of junk-food ads targeted at children under 10. Each year American's consume millions of dollars of what has come to be known as "junk food." The crowds of people that line up at fast-food restaurants to buy Big Macs and Whoppers are evidence that these products are growing in popularity. Americans have discovered the appeal of fast food. It is convenient (you don't need to cook or wait for hours to be served), it is relatively inexpensive, it has a pleasing flavor, and it does fill you up.
Fast foods are just one form of junk food. There are also the sugary cereals such as Frosted Flakes and Sugar Pops, dessert snacks such as Twinkies and cupcakes, and the salted snacks such as potato chips and Doritos. Many of these products have been around for a long time, some more than 20 years."

Tags: Children