Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the personalities of Mao Zedong and ChiangKai-Shek. The paper discusses the characteristics and actions of both men and their relationship with each other. After providing examples from their lives, the paper concludes that while their personalities appear to have had some similarities, particularly that both men were resolute, Mao was a far more ruthless and intolerant man.
From the Paper "On the other hand, the most outstanding aspect of Chiang's personality appears to have been his fixity of purpose. This fixity of purpose played no small part in the fact that Chiang's Kuomintang party became the official government of China in the early 1930's. However, his army was defeated by Mao's army in 1949, clearing the way for Mao to found the PRC. While Mao went on to be dictator of China, Chiang was able to become the dictator of the Republic of China on the island of Taiwan for 26 years. Thus, one thing the two men certainly had in common was that they both came from relatively humble beginnings to eventually be dictators for decades - no mean feat, and certainly a testament to the very strong characters of both of them."
Tags: China, dictator, ruthless, liberator, communist
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the Northern Expedition, a military campaign launched by the Kuamintang in July 1926 to defeat the warlords controlling northern China. The writer notes that this is considered to be an important event in modern Chinese history as it served to unify the country after decades of instability and fragmentation. Further, the writer points out that it also helped ChiangKai-shek, the commander of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) who led the campaign, to emerge as a strong national leader. In this paper, besides describing the background and events of the Northern Expedition, the writer discusses the role played by ChiangKai-shek in the campaign and looks at the reasons for his success.
Outline:
Background
The Northern Expedition & ChiangKai-shek's Role in the Campaign
Reasons for ChiangKai-shek's Success in the Northern Expedition
References
From the Paper "Chiang Kai-shek, however, was by no means finished. He was still commander of the Canton garrison and on the lookout to get back into prominence. He soon got his chance when, for reasons still unclear, a gunboat, commanded by a Communist officer, suddenly appeared before dawn off Whampoa Island on March 20, 1926. Using the incident as an excuse , Chiang placed Canton under martial law, arrested several Soviet advisors in the city and closed down Communist newspapers. In the crisis that followed, Wang Jingwei resigned and went into exile; Chiang took over as the head of the Military Affairs Council (MAC) and the commander of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA). He asked Comintern and the Soviets to support a northern military campaign, besides putting up a number of demands that would tone down the Communists' influence in KMT affairs. The Soviets agreed to Chiang's demands as Stalin was engaged in a critical domestic power struggle and could not afford a blow to his prestige that a complete eviction of Soviet advisors from China would signal."
Abstract This paper discusses the political motives behind the marriage of Generalissimo ChiangKaiShek and Soong Mei Ling and the advantages it held for both parties. It analyzes how whatever Soong Mei Ling's motives may have been, there is no doubt that her marriage to ChiangKaiShek had a distinct influence on national politics. It evaluates how it united the young soldier with the influential Soong family and its wide ranging contacts, raising his status in China. It looks at how Soong Mei Ling introduced Chiang to Western culture and thought and how her fluency in English was highly beneficial to him. It examines how as a husband and wife team, their effects on national politics are seen even today as Taiwan remains an autonomous and capitalist area, a result of their long term anti Communist attitudes.
From the Paper "Coupled with her understanding of the West, and her fluent English Madame Chiang was an essential aid to the Generalissimo. She was translated documents and English news, giving him instant access to any developments in the West, and of course translated his writings into English, as well as writing her own essays in both Chinese and English. As an example, she supplemented his paper ?A fortnight in Sian,? with her own, "Sian; A coup d"Etat.? She also translated all his essays on the New Life Movement, among many others. Some critics have claimed that she used her skill in translation to influence people according to her will; that is a matter which requires closer investigation, although it cannot be entirely overruled. In short, Mei Ling was Chiang's extremely glamorous connection to the western world."
Abstract Discusses U.S. economic & military support of ChiangKai-Shek. Factors that contributed to the victory of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) over the Nationalist regime of Chiang in 1949. Growing tensions between the U.S. and the People's Republic of China. Korean War policy decisions. Historical background of Nationalist-Communist struggle.
From the Paper "KOREA AND AMERICAN SUPPORT OF CHIANG KAI-SHEK: SETTING THE PATTERN OF POST-1949 CHINESE-AMERICAN CONFLICT
This research paper traces and analyzes the factors which contributed to the victory in 1949 of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) over the Nationalist (Kuomintang) regime of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek (Chiang) and to the worsening tensions between the United States and the People's Republic of China (PRC) between 1949 and the end of the Korean War.
Many indigenous and exogenous factors influenced the outcome of the Chinese civil war of 1946-1949. The most important of these were the chaotic conditions which prevailed within China and the Japanese invasion and occupation of the mainland. The CCP achieved in the early postwar period decisive military and political superiority over a weakened and corrupt Nationalist ..."
Abstract The communist revolution in China crystallized and intensified the hostility between Washington and Peking. This was because the Americans had supported the Nationalist regime of ChiangKaiShek, who had alienated the Chinese masses. The corruption of Chiang, therefore, had played a big role in fuelling the momentum of the communist revolution, which had no choice but to take on an anti-American disposition. The Korean War, which followed subsequently, solidified the antagonism between Chinese communism and the United States.
Abstract This paper compares Madame ChiangKai-sek's view of socio-economic evolution as expressed in her description of the "New Life Movement" with Mao Tse-Tung's view of socio-economic evolution. The paper explains why the two views are entirely at odds.
From the Paper "The descriptions of the communist revolution and the "New Life Movement" by Mao Tse-Tung and Madame Chiang Kai-shek respectively demonstrate two very different and opposing views of socio-economic evolution. Tse-Tung's view looks to the peasant class for a revolution from below while Mme Chiang's "New Life Movement" seeks to impose authority on the peasant class for a revolution from above. In his report Mao Tse-Tung describes a revolution as an uprising, an act of violence whereby one class overthrows another. He is specifically..."
Abstract This paper describes the crisis that occurred in 1958 when ChiangKai-Shek placed Nationalist Chinese troops on the islands of Quemoy and Matsu in the Taiwan Straits. It focuses on the support of the US and USSR for their respective all.
From the paper:
"In 1958 at the Chinese communist party congress Mao Zedong proposed the implementation of the Great Leap Forward in an attempt to modernize China and disengage from Soviet economic control. At the time, he was voted down. However, Mao was able to get Lin Biao, one of his allies, appointed to the central committee, thus changing the votes on the committee in his favor. Soon Mao was able to begin a "test phase" of the Great Leap Forward, and even this beginning brought great social and economic upheaval to China."
Abstract This paper explains that ChiangKai-Shek believed that the imperialism and colonialism of the "Unequal Treaties" with Britain, Japan, the U.S. and Russia were a major reason for China's inability to develop any kind of an economy during the early part of the 20th Century. The author points out that, since the 1980s, China has been encouraging foreign investment by using "special economic zones" for foreign business, joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) and opening foreign competition with Chinese manufacturers especially in the retail petroleum sector. The paper concludes that the RAND Corporation's study of China's economy stresses that a major risk to the continued rapid growth of China's economy is the fragility of its financial system and state-owned businesses.
Table of Contents
Review of China's Recent Economic Past
ChiangKai-Shek Introduction to Today's China and the Chinese Economy
Sectors of the Chinese Economy That Are Expected to Grow in the Future
Manufacturing
Manufacturing (Electronics)
Manufacturing (Automobiles)
Energy (Oil)
Future Forecast for China's Petroleum Industry
Future Forecast for China Petroleum Development
Energy (Natural Gas)
Proposed Pipeline
Energy (Coal)
Future Forecast
Energy (Electricity)
Environmental Price in the Energy Sector
Clean-Up China's air pollution,
Financial (Foreign Transactions in China)
Financial (Banking)
Challenges Facing the Chinese Economic Outlook
Fragility of the Financial System and State-Owned Businesses
From the Paper "China is the world's most populous nation and the "second largest energy consumer" in the world, right after the United States, according to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the U.S. Department of Energy. China's dominant fuel at the present time is coal; China produces more coal - and consumes more coal - than any country on the planet. China also has recently passed Japan as the second-biggest consumer of petroleum, and China is a huge player in oil markets."
Abstract The paper weighs the issues of violence vs. non-violence and shows the lives and histories of Mao Tse Dung of China and Gandhi of India as examples. The paper discusses these two leaders who dealt extensively in their lifetimes with the struggle between violence and non-violence. It shows that on the surface, Chairman Mao espoused violence and used it as a tool to defeat an army of four million, gain power over a country with a trillion dollar economy and hold power for 25 years, and that Gandhi rose to "power" while leading a peaceful revolution among the 600 million Indian citizens -- Hindus and Muslims alike -- that resulted in tens of thousands of Indian deaths, very few British deaths, but eventually in Indian independence and creation of the largest democracy in the world.
From the Paper "But indeed, Gandhi knew there was a place for violence as well. In a much forgotten move, Gandhi essentially postponed India's peaceful revolution at the onset of World War II. He recognized Nazi Germany as a much more malevolent force than the British Empire, in all their imperial misery, could ever be. As a result, he led the movement for Indians not only to stop resisting the British during World War II, but to actually comply with their orders. In fact, India entered the war itself and was particularly helpful to Britain in the North African campaigns."
Tags: Communist, party, Chiang-Kai-Shek, British, Empire, Martin, Luther, King, Jr
From the Paper "Any comparison between Mao Zedong's and Chiang Kai-shek's differing approaches to International Law should start with a comparison between their different conceptions of nationalism. In turn, these different conceptions were born out of a distinct ideological, and, at times, different practical approach to the needs of modern Chinese society and, more specifically, to what steps were to be taken to solve them. These distinct ideologies determined Mao's and Chiang Kai-shek's vision of China as a sovereign state, but only in part.
In many ways, Mao and Chiang Kai-shek were both children of the 1911 Revolution and both of them found inspiration in the thinking of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the chief ideologist of that revolution. Dr. Sun Yat-sen's first and foremost aim was the elevation of China to a ..."
This paper examines the growth of the communist movement in China in the 22 years before the 1949 revolution: Growth from the mid-1920s, mass support, leadership of Mao, dogma and the role of ChiangKai-shek.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, 1991, $ 47.95
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine the growth of the, communist movement in China in the 22 years before the 1949 revolution. The plan of the research will be to discuss how the party gained mass support for social revolution, with reference to specific policies pursued by the party, as well as problems and opportunities that staying with those policies created.
Following the victory of the Communist rebels in China in 1949, the government of China was reconstituted as the People's Republic of China under the leadership of Mao Tse-tung. The rural peasantry scattered throughout the many Chinese provinces appears to have been an important element of the Communist victory, hence a key to the structure of post-revolutionary society. The victory of 1949, then, was the outgrowth of nearly 25 years of political struggle and careful political planning."
Abstract Almost every nation in the world was affected by superpower rivalry in the Cold War. Asian and Latin American countries were especially affected, since they were caught in strategically vital areas of the superpower conflict. This paper will examine how China and Nicaragua were affected by the Cold War. This paper will focus on the fall of ChiangKai-Shek in China in 1949 and America's imperialistic oppression of Nicaragua in the 1980s. Overall, the thesis of this paper will argue that communism triumphed in China because of the military superiority of the communist forces, and that the Sandinista experiment in Nicaragua failed because of U.S. determinism to continue exploiting Latin America in the Cold War.
Abstract This paper is a proposal and an outline for a larger paper. The problem and the thesis are discussed, and a list of factors is provided. An outline of how the paper will be structured also is provided.
Abstract This paper explains that the Chinese Communist uprising in Canton in 1927 was put down by Nationalist forces under ChiangKai-Shek, but it remains a seminal event in the development of China's present government. The author points out that the novel itself is a meditation on the revolutionary spirit, embodied most clearly in the main character, Ch'en, who sacrifices his life for his cause in order to achieve in death the unity with humanity that he missed in life.
Abstract This paper discusses the leadership role Mahatma Gandhi played in India's nationalist movement and compares it to the roles played by ChiangKai-shek in China and the Meiji oligarchs in Japan. The natures of their respective nationalist movements are discussed, and the relative success of their efforts are analyzed as well.
