Abstract This paper explains how hemoglobin works. The author describes the oxygen-carrying capacity of different hemoglobins and what affects it. The paper relates the way hemoglobin acts in different under different physiologic conditions.
From the Paper "Hemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying protein and acts as such in most mammals. Typically hemoglobins have a tetrameric structure consisting of two polypeptide chains of amino acids each and two polypeptide chains of amino acids each with each subunit ..."
Abstract This paper looks first at chemical changes observed in daily living. It then examines the chemistry behind airbags. The major portion of the paper deals with stoichiometry, and works through some stoichiometric problems. It then discusses antacids.
Abstract This paper discusses the life and work of Louis Pasteur. It chronicles his discoveries of crystal asymmetry, the germ theory, vaccination, sepsis and pasteurization. The paper also discusses his work with fermentation, anthrax and rabies.
From the Paper "Louis Pasteur was born in Dole in the region of Dura France and grew up in the town of Arbois. He was not an outstanding student in elementary school and took an early interest in drawing. However the headmaster of the local college recognized his potential and had him enrolled in the prestigious French University Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris, founded to train outstanding students for University careers in science and letters. Pasteur became a chemist studying..."
Abstract This paper covers the following six topics: 1. identity determined from density. 2. changes of speed and motion of molecules with state change. 3. theory of structure of atom. 4. periodic table vs alphabetical listing of elements. 5. mass nos, moles. 6. Henry's law.
From the Paper "Density can be used to identify a substance. It could be used to determine if a sample of gold-colored metal is in fact gold. Archimedes used the concept of density to identify substances. Density is a physical property of a substance which describes the degree of compactness of the substance, i.e., how close together the atoms are packed. The density of a substance is the ratio of an object's mass to its volume."
Tags: density, atomic theory, changes of state, periodic table, moles, Henry's law
Abstract This paper presents a scientific description of nanotechnology and a review of its current applications. More specifically, the paper examines applications of nanotechnology in the automobile manufacturing industry and associated industries, discussing the advantages of the technology as well as its uses and potential uses.
From the Paper "This research examines the uses and potential uses of nanotechnology in the automobile manufacturing industry. The examination includes a background review of nanotechnology and its emergence. The examination of the use of nanotechnology in the automobile manufacturing industry also covers applications by suppliers' companies in the broader automotive manufacturing sector. Nanotechnology is at the point of convergence of chemistry and physics which together produce more complex molecular structures and electronics with a focus on the..."
Abstract This paper looks at hydrates, and how to calculate their water content. It calculates the water content for copper sulfate hydrate and magnesium chloride hydrate.
From the Paper " A hydrate is a type of salt containing water within its crystal structure. In this experiment the mass percent of water in a hydrate was determined by heating a sample of the hydrate to remove the water and then comparing the mass of the sample before and after heating. From this the empirical formula of the hydrated salt was determined. This was carried out for copper sulfate hydrate CuSO XH O and for magnesium chloride hydrate MgCl XH O. A crucible was weighed to the..."
Abstract This is a writeup of chemistry experiments in synthesis, decomposition, single displacement and double displacement reactions with explanations of materials, methods and results. Discusses the procedures of the experiment.
From the Paper "Each chemical equation represents a specific chemical reaction and identifies the reactants and products. Reactants appear on the left side of the equation and products on the right side separated by an arrow indicating the direction in which the reaction takes place. Equations must be balanced to be correct meaning the same number of each kind of atom must appear on each side of the equation. For example, when iron rusts it combines with oxygen to form a new compound iron oxide Fe O and..."
Tags: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement
Abstract This paper describes a chemistry experiment in enthalpy change during chemical reactions. It looks at the enthalpy change in the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. The experimental method is described and the results analyzed. The write-up shows details of the experiment recorded and how the calculations are made.
From the Paper "This laboratory exercise studied the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction between magnesium (Mg) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) The experiment is designed to calculate the energy released from a single replacement reaction. The reaction is exothermic, i.e., it gives off heat. An empty calorimeter was weighed and the temperature of the calorimeter recorded. A g sample of Mg was added to mL HCl an the calorimeter with a thermometer attached. The maximum temperature reached during the reaction was recorded. The final weight of the calorimeter..."
Abstract This paper is a write-up of two experiments in chemistry. The first is a write-up of an experiment in calorimetry, looking at the heat of fusion of ice. The second is an experiment on the specific heat of metals, looking at the specific heats of copper and tin. The experimental details are described.
From the Paper "The first experiment looks at the heat of fusion of ice -- the amount of heat needed to convert a solid into a liquid at constant temperature and pressure is the heat of fusion of the substance. The molar heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to completely change one mole of solid into one mole of liquid at its melting point. In this experiment the molar heat of fusion of...."
Abstract This paper answers some questions on Lewis Dot structures, polarity of molecules, molecular and electron geometry of molecules, and gives some dot structures, polarity and molecular data on a number of chemicals.
From the Paper "The difference in polarity between CO and SO can be explained by their molecular shape. The CO has a linear shape being O C O. There are two electron domains around the central carbon atom therefore it is linear. There is no charge on the molecule because there are no lone electron pairs. The SO molecule is a bent molecule existing as a resonance structure with a lone pair of electrons on the S. The molecule has an S-O single bond and an S O double..."
Tags: Lewis Dot structures, molecular geometry, electron geometry
Abstract This is a report on an experiment in chemistry on the law of definite proportions. It looks at the decomposition of potassium chlorate to potassium chloride with heating.
From the Paper "The law of definite proportion states that different samples of a pure compound always contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass. For example, sodium chloride always contains sodium and chlorine by mass. In this experiment a sample of potassium chlorate was thermally decomposed to determine the mass percent of oxygen in the compound. A crucible containing g MnO catalyst was weighed and g KClO was added and the crucible and contents reweighed. A thermometer was placed in the crucible and..."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the background, career and scientific contributions of Friedrich August Kekule. The writer looks at this scientist, who put forward the theory of tetravelence for carbon and determined the structure of benzene. The writer explains the importance of Kekule's theories as these two scientific contributions are those upon which organic chemistry is based.
From the Paper "Friedrich August Kekule was born in Damstadt, Germany and attended the Gymnasium in his home town excelling at languages and drawing. He went on the University of Giessen planning to study architecture but after attending a lecture by Liebig of condenser fame, Kekule became fascinated with chemistry. He spent a year at home pondering a decision and decided to pursue an education in chemistry. Kekule studied in Paris under Dumas substitution theory and Gerhardt type theory then returned to Giessen to ... "
Abstract In this article the writer discusses prostate cancer. The writer also examines some of the biochemical research that is being carried out to try and determine the causes of this type of cancer. The paper looks at the oxidative stress on cells and the effects of androgen. The writer discusses NSAID-associated gene protein and some of the multi-drug resistance associated proteins.
From the Paper "Prostate cancer is a disease of aging brought about by changes in cellular biochemistry which result in an imbalance in the pro oxidant-antioxidant balance and in the cellular response to androgen which this brings about. Many advanced cases of prostate cancer become resistant to chemotherapy making the prognosis for those men dismal. It has been shown ... "
Abstract This essay looks at how snow is formed. The writer discusses the factors which determine the structure of snowflakes. In this article the writer examines what makes snow melt. The writer also looks at the efficiency of different salts for melting snow. In addition, the writer discusses briefly the impact of snow on society.
From the Paper "Snowflake Factors which affect snowflake formation include temperature, air, currents, humidity, which affect the size and shape of snowflakes and dirt and pollutants mixed in water which affect the crystal weight and durability in snow. Dirt particles make the snowflakes heavier which causes cracks and breaks in the crystals and make the snow melt more easily. In general snowflakes which are six-sided hexagonal shapes and are formed in high clouds, needles or ... "
Abstract This paper offers a discussion section for dissertation on the iontophoresis of LiHCl through a cellophane membrane. In this article, the writer offers an analysis of experiment results. The paper includes a critique of the experiment performed. The writer also discusses possible future directions for study.
Tags: drug delivery, medication patches, iontophoresis
