Abstract This paper is a write-up of a chemistry experiment looking at the electrolyte properties of substances commonly found around the home, including salt, sugar, baking soda, isopropyl alcohol, Windex, calamine lotion, coffee, liquid soap, vitamin C, lemon juice, soda pop and antacids. The electricity conducted by each of these solutions was recorded.
Abstract This is a write-up of a chemistry laboratory experiment looking at Charles' Law, which states that at constant pressure, temperature and volume are directly proportional to each other. The paper describes two experiments: (1) a gas is heated and its temperature and volume change noted and compared; and (2) a candle is burned in an inverted test tube set in a pan of water. The paper describes that as the oxygen in the tube is used up, water rises in the tube, and when there is no more oxygen left the flame is extinguished.
Abstract This paper describes a chemistry experiment, which studied phase changes in water from solid (ice) to liquid (water) to gas (steam). The paper describes the experimental method, gives the results, and analyzes the data in terms of Kinetic Molecular Theory and the effects of pressure on boiling water.
From the Paper "In this lab, the heating curve generated when ice makes the transition between solid to liquid to gas was investigated. The boiling point and current atmospheric conditions were compared at the locations where different students..."
Abstract This paper describes a chemistry experiment looking at the various factors which affect reaction rates. The paper studies the affects of temperature, surface area and catalysts (NaCl and vinegar) on the dissolution of Alka Seltzer tablets. The paper demonstrates that increases in time and surface area as well as the presence of a catalyst shortened the time needed for the tablets to dissolve.
Abstract This paper describes a chemistry experiment that examines the escape of CO2 from Seltzer water into distilled water, and from a solution containing NaCl into a solution containing CaCl2. The paper demonstrates that the escape of the gas was measured at 5-second intervals until the volume of gas did not increase.
Abstract This paper is a writeup of a chemistry experiment examining the reaction kinetics of cooling water. The paper includes graphs of temperature vs. time. The paper shows how to determine the reaction rate from the slope of the line of the graph.
From the Paper "This laboratory looked at reaction kinetics. A thermometer was suspended in a large test tube with a clothespin so that it was not touching the sides or bottom. The thermometer was allowed to come to room temperature..."
Abstract This paper describes three chemistry experiments: (1) about equilibrium and equilibrium shifts, (2) about the determination of equilibrium constants, and (3) about the kinetics of the crystal violet reaction. The paper details the experimental procedure, presents a graphical analysis and makes calculations relevant to the experiments.
Abstract This paper describes a chemistry lab about acid-base titration, using milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide) and vinegar (acetic acid). The graph of the titration is drawn, and questions answered about the slope and plateau of the graph. The paper also gives the point of equivalence and the dissociation reaction for magnesium hydroxide.
Abstract This paper describes a chemistry experiment exploring the carbonate/bicarbonate buffer system. The paper explains how the testing of the buffer was conducted and discusses the reaction of the individual ingredients, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, to the addition of acid or base. The paper also explores the reaction of the combined solution to acid and base.
Abstract This paper describes a chemistry experiment on acid-base reactions and calculates the ka, kb, pka and pkb from the pH determinations. The paper explains that the experiment involves measuring the pH of solutions of vinegar (acetic acid), seltzer water (carbonic acid) and ammonia.
From the Paper "This laboratory is concerned with the determination of the pka and pkb of weak acids and bases. Most of the acid or base of weak acids or bases exists in the molecular form in solution with little ionization. There are standard formulas for calculation..."
Abstract This paper describes a chemistry experiment in which the solubility constant, Ksp, for NaCl and KCl is determined. The laboratory procedure is described, the results are given, and the data analyzed. The paper also calculates molarity of the solutions used and assesses the experimental error.
Abstract This paper describes chemical warfare in insects. The paper begins by offering a definition of the chemistry of vision. Next the paper discusses the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cancer. Then the paper explains the effect of chlorfluorocarbons on the ozone layer, nature, chemistry and sources of petroleum.
Tags: chemical warfare among insects, chemistry of vision, polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons and cancer, chlorofluorocarbons and the ozone hole, petroleum
Abstract This paper describes an experiment with a homemade voltaic cell using a piece of citrus fruit. The paper explains that pairs of metals were inserted into the fruit and the potential was recorded. The metals -- zinc, copper, aluminum, iron, tin, magnesium, lead and nickel -- were paired in all possible combinations. The paper includes equations for the reactions and calculations of Eored.
From the Paper "This laboratory used a piece of citrus fruit as a voltaic cell to determine the relative positions of a series of different metals in a series of electromotive forces by a qualitative comparison. A quantitative comparison was also determined by using..."
Abstract This paper about artificial flavors gives examples of different chemicals and the flavors they produce. The author also relates how McDonald's got their french fries to have a distinctive taste. The paper includes the dangerous side effects of some of the chemicals used in artificial flavors.
From the Paper "Artificial flavors are added to manufactured foods to change or augment its taste. Flavouring Nature-identical flavorings are the chemical equivalent of the natural flavor but, instead of being extracted from the source, they are synthesized chemically."
Abstract This paper critiques NMR spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography in nucleophilic substitution reactions. The author describes methods of the scientific procedures. The paper discusses the principles and procedures used in the study.
From the Paper "Bassindale Parker Taylor Aunerb and Herrschaft measured the x-ray crystal structure of four halodimethylsilylmethyl quinolinones to model the reaction profile for the nucleophilic substitution of silicon. They developed a method to obtain similar structural.."
