Abstract The story of Cesar Estrada Chavez is the story of a man committed to advancing the civil rights and liberties of Hispanic Americans and migrant workers. Just as importantly, however, Chavez's life is the tale of man who determined that all Americans not merely a few should have all the trappings of American democracy. This paper examines the life and accomplishments of Cesar Estrada Chavez, emphasizing an appreciation for Chavez's vital importance to workers' rights as well as an awareness of how Chavez helped shape modern-day American society.
Abstract The paper looks closely at a biography of Cesar Chavez, written by Ferriss and Sandoval and compares his struggle for social justice with the concepts written about in Takaki's "Strangers from a Different Shore." The paper specifically uses the ideas of racial uniforming, ethnic solidarity and ethnic antagonism to explore the troubles Chavez faced and the troubles still existing today.
From the Paper "Social justice, while an element of the Catholic faith which Cesar Chavez ascribed too, is a deeply personal and humanistic need. Susan Ferriss and Ricardo Sandoval's (1997) biography of Cesar Chavez, entitled "The Fight in the Fields: Cesar Chavez and the Farm-worker's Movement," showcases the life, actions and philosophy of the central leader in the fight for rights for Mexican American farm-workers. In this work, the concepts described in Ronald Takaki's (1998) "A History of Asian Americans: Strangers from a Different Shore," namely racial uniforming, ethnic solidarity and ethnic antagonism are alluded to and described in their relation to the struggle made for equal rights by the Mexican farm-workers. The most obvious, or most visual, element of American racism takes the form of what can be described as a racial uniform."
Abstract This paper presents Cesar Chavez as one of the most historically significant figures associated with the civil rights movement. The paper discusses Chavez's actions on behalf of the Latino farm worker. The paper explores Chavez's quiet perseverance, which created a legacy of change and awareness. The paper explains how Chavez learned, through his own experiences and through the example of historically great and influential teachers, that the best way to change those things that need to be changed is to first understand them through listening and then act on them through aggressive nonviolence.
From the Paper "The Latino farm worker was a quiet voice in the wilderness of the American market economy. Many migrant workers were mistreated and worked for slave like wages that rarely kept their family fed and helped them live almost exclusively in squalor. They were given little for the backbreaking work they did, while they attempted to feed clothe and educate themselves and their children. Yet, as loud a voice as the name, Cesar Chaves implies his tactics were often as quiet as the meek voices of those he attempted to help. It was with this quiet perseverance that Chavez created a legacy of change and awareness."
Abstract This paper explains that main issue of the case of Chavez v. Martinez involved whether Chavez was entitled to a defense of qualified immunity. The author points out the legal holding of the U.S. Supreme Court and its reasoning using the Fifth Amendment.
From the Paper "Oliverio Martinez was shot and injured during an altercation with police officers Pena and Salinas. While medical personnel were treating Martinez for life-threatening injuries, Officer Chavez questioned Martinez about the altercation"
Abstract The paper explores the life and accomplishments of Cesar Chavez and illuminates what he did for the Hispanic workers in America. The paper shows how Cesar Chavez made many contributions to the plight of the migrant farm worker.
From the Paper "Cesar Chavez was one of the most important people in American history when it came to the Hispanic migrant farm worker(United Farm Workers). He spent his adult life organizing and teaching the masses how to force farm employers to provide the workers with fair pay and benefits(United Farm Workers). He began his life in 1927 when he was born just outside of Yuma, Arizona(United Farm Workers). His parents named him after his grandfather(United Farm Workers). When he was still a small boy he began to learn about racial injustice. He and his parents lived in a small adobe home and his father worked hard on the farm that it was attached to. His father made a deal with the landowner that would allow Chavez to own the land and the home they lived in(United Farm Workers)."
Abstract The paper labels Hugo Chavez as both the most admired and feared leader in Latin America. The paper discusses how Chavez's populist ideals and agenda easily won him respect and trust within the poorest Venezuelan communities. The paper looks at his critics, however, who include the Colombian government, the United States, some of the European Union and many middle and upper class Venezuelans. The paper describes how he has developed programs, policies and legislation that have brought the unemployment rate down, the economy up and the people of Venezuela to a whole new standard of living.
From the Paper "December 6, 1998, Venezuela elected a socialist democrat, the charismatic Hugo Chavez, as its new president, replacing the previous government of Rafael Caldera Rodriguez. As President, Chavez immediately proceeded to implement his Bolivarian Revolution policies of aiding the poor and disenfranchised as well as promoting unification in Latin America. This revolution compounded with his distrust of liberalist nations, such as the United States, has made Hugo Chavez both the most admired and feared leader in Latin America."
Abstract This paper examines the personality of Cesar Chavez and how it influenced his mission in life. It provides a history of the cause and looks at the unfair conditions that were prevalent in Mexican-American farm relations. The paper also discusses his style of leadership and the path of his fight including the obstacles and challenges.
From the Paper "All great leaders have a talent for persuasion and an insatiable drive to invoke change; yet not all great leaders have had to face the adversity and oppression that Cesar Chavez has faced. Certainly most great leaders have encountered their fair share of opposition from critics, however, Chavez? determination to create fair working conditions for Mexican-American farm workers incited his own unique brand of resistance."
Abstract This paper is a political study that analyzes the fascist tendencies of the Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, within the context of his leadership in radical South American politics. The author explains that by examining his role through a fascist perspective, one can realize the growing animosity toward capitalism and the rise of a extremist socialist government that is becoming increasingly dictatorial, rather than democratically implemented in the Venezuelan government.
From the Paper "Often, the conflict of economics is the main reason why Chavez creates so much animosity in his foreign policy, since he is seeking to radically separate foreign dominance over monetary profits made by colonial European and North American companies. The pro-Chavez supporters often cite the massive influence that the United States and the European nations wield over the banking and oil institutions that dominate the country. Currently, these foreign companies have a free reign to take many of the natural resources from the Venezuelan's, and do not contribute to the well being of the majority of peoples that must collect and distribute these resources outside of their own country. This issue has created a government that is controlled through the economic power of the American banks that continue to limit the social and governmental autonomy of Venezuela by controlling monetary value, as well as having massive lending power through loans to dictate the course of governmental policy. In this manner, pro-Chavez supporters often see a leader that is seeking to stop this type of economic imperialism through socialist values that will re-distribute the wealth of these international companies for the greater good of his people. Within Venezuela certain citizens feel that he is working for their best interests, which has not always been the case through the foreign imperialism of governments past:"
This paper discusses the anti-American attitude of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez toward the United States and suggests alternatives for resolving this problem.
Abstract This paper explains that corruption and dissatisfaction with the Venezuela democratic government brought Hugo Chavez to power. The author underscores that, because of Chavez's hostility towards the United States and the dependency of the U.S. on Venezuelan oil, an alternative to the current state of affairs between the US and Venezuela must be developed. The paper explores several possible alternatives to the current state of affairs between Venezuela and the United States, all carry differing costs and benefits the United States. These include using an oil embargo against Venezuela, which would severely affect the popularity of Chavez's government by cutting the funding for several of his popular social programs, developing anti-Chavez, pro-U.S. sentiment in the region of Latin America in an effort to use multilateral cooperation to control Chavez and his foreign policy agendam, and ignoring Chavez's anti-U.S. rhetoric and developing bilateral relations dealing with several issues of mutual concern. The paper concludes that the best alternative is using multilateral support to control Chavez, which has both the greatest benefit and the lowest cost and could help U.S. and Latin American relations in the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
Development of Alternative Approaches
Cost Benefit Analysis of Alternatives
Recommendation and Justification
Executive Summary
From the Paper "Costs to developing this alternative are relatively few and would only significantly affect American policy in the Latin American region with relatively little impact on domestic issues. While the turbulent history of U.S.-Latin American relations have led to a large amount of hostility and suspicion on the part of Latin American governments towards any American involvement in the region, such a low opinion of the United States must change in order to develop the regional support necessary to control Chavez."
Tags: dependency oil anti-american rhetoric, multilateral support
Abstract The paper discusses the debate concerning the flow of illegal immigration into the United States and examines Leo Chavez' text that is concerned with the need to find the balance between proper asylum and regulation. The paper reviews how Chavez studies the culture that is being established within the United States as a result of immigration. The paper concludes with the assessment that this is an effective work on the subject, bringing a human aspect to a subject often assessed in statistics and legal wrangling.
From the Paper "The United States has experienced a well-publicized and hotly debated inundation of new citizens. The new immigration wave of Hispanic laborers, incited by the proliferation of free trade and the promise of a more vibrant economy in the United States, has inclined a continually intensifying arrival of Spanish-speaking citizens to the central employment center on the North American continent. This has been met with both resistance, mostly founded on American labor class presumptions of increased job competition, and with excitement, generally held by those who believe in the overarching economic opportunities present in such swelling immigration patterns."
Abstract This paper details the content of Rosales' book which uses testimonies from the past in the form of personal narratives, as well as historical documentation of the often difficult relationship between Mexico and America. The author contends and explains why it's imperative for America to right old wrongs and for Caucasians, Chicanos and Latinos across the nation to become more active in securing greater recognition and political enfranchisement for Chicano workers. This paper examines and details the prejudices chronicled in the book that still resonate today. Rosales' book is structured along four basic parts, which chronologically illustrates the Chicano movement. Part 1 explores the beginnings of the Chicano movement and its place in Mexican-American history. Part 2 reviews the birth of the Chicano civil rights struggle and its association with Cesar Chavez. Part 3 discusses the urban dimension to the struggle for Chicano rights. Part 4 describes the creation of the La Raza Unida Party and its impact on political power and rights.
From the Paper "Part 4, "Fighting for Political Power," concludes the book. It describes the creation of La Raza Unida Party as a third party force for political power and the importance of political rights. But the 1972 election and the Raza Unida convention of that year resulted in an eventual fragmentation of the party at the height of its membership and recognition, and unfortunately drew the first chapter of the Chicano movement to kind of a close, as older alliances began to drift away, and the American nation as a whole began to lose interest in some of its political concerns. After the Vietnam War wound down, many Americans became less politically interested and mobilized."
Abstract In this paper, the writer states the policies of Hugo Chavez, the president of Venezuela and discusses his obvious abuse of power and their repercussions not only on America and the world but also on Venezuela itself. The writer discusses how Hugo Chavez's vision of utopia can lead Venezuela's economy into a terrible crisis. The writer concludes that such utopia could end in further unemployment and poverty, since the country's major earning is through oil production which itself faces upheaval, not to mention the overburdening of economies of America and the world.
Contents:
Abstract
New Policies of Hugo Chavez Chavez' Utopia
Illegitimacy of the Actions of Chavez Conclusion
From the Paper "What Chavez is actually trying to do is shift the customer base of P.D.V.S.A., the oil company owned by the state of Venezuela towards Asia where the increasingly oil-thirsty China would welcome it. This would make Venezuela less dependent on US and other neighboring states. Chavez has signed a deal to build oil and gas pipelines between Maracaibo Basin in Venezuela and the Caribbean and Pacific coasts in Colombia which would enable him to ship petroleum to China without using the Panama canal. This would allow him to cut deliveries to those who oppose him and hence forcing them into seeking other sources of oil at of course greater costs. As if this was not enough; Chavez has also announced plans to annul all mining concessions, which were previously granted to private companies. The state mining corporation of the country Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana, CVG, is reviewing many of its contracts and each of them would be modified according to the new laws."
Abstract This paper discusses that, after a two-month long oil strike, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez is assuring voters and foreign investors that the Venezuelan economy is on track to rebound but economic; but, geopolitical indicators point to a prolonged aftershock for Venezuela and the region. The author points out that the country's overdependence on oil has overexposed the economy to the high volatility in oil prices and the resultant "booms and busts" of the oil industry cycle. The paper reveals another problem: Chavez' s handling of the strike risks tarnishing Venezuela's reputation as one of the regions more stable democracies.
From the Paper "Venezuela is also in the midst of a difficult restructuring of its foreign debt, which totals $23 billion, leaving it less flexibility in the use of its reserves. President Chavez stated at the end of March that the country would be able meet its $2 billion in foreign debt obligations in 2003 and stave off any defaults. An important component of the foreign debt refinancing is the country's intention to issue a voluntary bond swap. A credit default would jeopardize the security exchange and could trigger further defaults."
Cesar Chavez dedicated his life to a labor movement for farm workers. His unique background, his first-hand knowledge of the people's issues, and his superior organizational skills brought his successful organization of the National Farm Workers Association (later named United Farm Workers), even against opposition from the government, the Teamsters Union, and the grape growers. It is the purpose of this paper to describe his background, the nature of his superior organizing ability, and the sociological forces that shaped the Chavez farm workers' movement.
Until he was ten years old, Cesar Chavez, the oldest of five children, lived on a farm near Yuma, Arizona. The 160 acres had come into his family through a government grant to his..."
The paper shows that Hispanics are the fastest-growing minority in the United States, and currently as a group, Hispanics graduate from high school at significantly lower rates than their white counterparts (Chavez, 2000).
Abstract The writer looks at the problem of high school education and Hispanic students, identifying who fits the description, because different writers use different terms. Some writers mean people of Mexican heritage when they say ?Latinos.? The United States also has many residents of Puerto Rican or Cuban heritage, and many others come from other central or South-American countries.
From the Paper "It's not surprising that Hispanic students might have difficulty in school. Many don?t speak or understand English well, enter in grades below their age peers, and then are measured on standardized tests administered in English. Educational systems too often shuffle them into vocational tracks or special education, and the cultural differences can be significant (DeBlassie, 1996). As a result, Mexican-American students show a 40% dropout rate from high school, and at least 10% never enter high school to begin with (DeBlassie, 1996)."
