Abstract This paper focuses in great detail on the earthquake of 1886 that occurred in Charleston, South Carolina. It starts with introduction to the city and its brief in order to help better understand the calamity and its impact on the city. It then describes the tragedy and discusses how people of Charleston reacted to this natural disaster and how the city was rebuilt.
Outline
Introduction to the City
Charleston Brief History
Response of People to 1886 Natural Calamity
Rebuilding Process
From the Paper "It was certainly the worst time for Charleston to endure an earthquake. After the civil war, the city had been economically weak and in the next two decades, it continued suffering because of the commercial dominance of the North. In 1880s, North became very more economically superior when railroad system was established. Charleston, the city that once claimed to be the most powerful commercial hub of the South was experiencing some economically tough times when the earthquake struck and further relegated the process of recovery."
Abstract This paper analyzes and compares four historians' responses to the article in the October 2001 issue of the the history journal "William and Mary Quarterly" entitled, "The Making of a Slave Conspiracy" which focused on the historical issues about black slavery in America particularly the Denmark Vesey insurrection conspiracy in Charleston, South Carolina in 1822. The articles reviewed include a review essay penned by Prof. Michael Johnson, entitled, "Denmark Vesey and His Co-Conspirators" which offered a new interpretation of the famous (and foiled) uprising of the Negroes in Charleston in the early 19th century.
From the Paper "Of all his criticisms of Johnson, Egerton said that the historian's biggest error is when Johnson failed to consult sources other than the Official Report and Evidence. Egerton said that Johnson became too focused in spotting differences between the two documents that he failed to recognize the importance of some small but significant and helpful sources such as "church records, city directories, and newspapers in St. Domingue", and most importantly, correspondence among people of Charleston during the time of trial and execution of the blacks. These "common biographer's technique" should have been helpful in his study of the issue. He also refuted Johnson's claim that the court punished heavily those who did not admit their guilt and pardoned those who did by giving an example. Sandy Vesey, Denmark's son, was also implicated in the insurgency plot, but unlike his companions who confessed and turned against them, Sandy Vesey did not admit his guilt, and as punishment, he was "transported to Spanish Cuba in 1822"."
Abstract This paper discusses Charleston, South Carolina, situated on a narrow, low-lying peninsula between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers at the head of a broad bay leading to the Atlantic Ocean. The author points out that Charleston combines the beauty of a scenic harbor and pristine beaches with fine restaurants and shopping, world-class golf and plenty for history buffs to explore.
This paper seeks to describe the climate in the United States as America headed into the Civil War. The writer studies deviance in America in the 1850's highlighting social attitudes and underlying moral guidelines.
Abstract The paper looks at how American culture viewed deviance by examining what was considered deviant in order to discover what was socially acceptable. New York and Charleston are chosen as cities to represent the North and the South of the country, respectively.
From the Paper "Crime was everywhere in New York; a simple fact of life. As much as the city was hailed for its economic successes it was repudiated as being "a reproach to all nations". From the bank-sneak, "the highest possible criminal development" , to the Confidence-operators, who "exist only because a fool and their money can easily be parted" , these "professional" crimes permeated every level of society. Beneath these elite criminals lay the "casual" criminals; the drunk and disorderly, cases of assault and battery, and mere disorderly conduct which often depended "exclusively upon the policeman making the arrest". Apart from these cases of individual thievery and violence, New York by the 40's and 50's found its criminal element becoming more organized. The new gangs of New York saw people going through "periods of training, apprenticeship, and maturation", all in effort to control different territories. The Daybreak Boys, one of the more famous gangs and who committed their crimes at the crack of dawn, were credited with 20 murders and the theft of $100,000 in property between 1850 and 1852."
Abstract The aim of this research is to determine where and at what time of day the dragonfly communities found at Kanahawa State Forest, in Charleston, West Virginia, are most abundant. To this end, the number of dragonflies occurring at two study sites were recorded for six weeks from September 12th to October 31st and the effects of two abiotic factors, namely, hydrology and daily temperature, on the distribution and abundance of dragonfly species in the forest were considered.
From the Paper "Five species of dragonfly were recorded from the sites, the Eastern Grayback (of the genus Tachopteryx, species Tachopteryx thoreyi); the Spotted Biddie (of the genus Cordulegaster, species Cordulegaster maculatus); the 10-Spot (of the genus Libellula, species Libellula pulchelia); the Widow (of the genus Libellula, species Libellula luctosa), and the White Tail (of the genus Plathemis, species Plathemis lydia). All of these dragonflies are common throughout North America, and in particular, around the Kanahawa State Forest area."
Abstract Audience reaction to the first of a series of five films, derived from Pierre Boulle's novel, "La Planete des Singes", was a solid indicator of a new kind of consciousness. The paper shows that, despite the repulsiveness of the mere possibility of man's reversing roles with apes, movie and television audiences accepted that suggestion or entertainment. It terrified, repelled, but stretched their imagination as to what the future could be. The threat of nuclear destruction, the implications of the assassination of former President John F. Kennedy, and the consequences of the Vietnam War were the torrents and setting when Boulle wrote his novel. By the time the first film was produced and shown in 1968, there were other threats to human security. This paper looks at each of the five films and discusses them in relation to human intelligence and consciousness.
From the Paper "Apes, therefore, thrive on nature as their sole guide. On the other hand, man is equipped with the responsibility, duty as well as privilege to use his intelligence, judgment and will to choose his good or evil, survival or destruction. Apes are on the safe side, which is far from error and destruction, but their capacity for happiness and the determination of that level of happiness are both limited. In man, it is virtually without limits, because he has what is called a soul."
This paper discusses the misadventures of Sir Alexander Cuming, who was respected and even loved by the Cherokees, but marginalized by his own aristocratic, English society.
Abstract This paper explains that Sir Alexander Cuming, deemed simultaneously a madman, an adventurer, a true patriot, or even a diplomat, established ties with the distant Cherokee nations and made them loyal allies of the English crown. The author points out that Alexander Cuming, born in December, 1691, in Edinburgh, Scotland, the son of an aristocrat, arrived in Charles Town (Charleston today) in 1730 and left for the Cherokee country without having any official mandate to explore new territories, to make connections with other people or, in a diplomatic sense, to improve ties in North America. The paper relates that Cuming, having gained the confidence and support of the Cherokees, presented the symbols he had received from the Cherokees in a ceremonial at Windsor Castle, believing that he was a joint ruler of the Cherokee nation, which was not the case.
From the Paper "Conceptually, the treaty stipulated general submission clauses, especially in what a joint international policy was concerned. They agreed to have the same enemies and friends as the British Empire and to fight anyone that opposed the English, but it also meant that they could trade with no one else but the English and that they would be subject to English law. At this time, Cuming seems to be at the highest of his influence and power."
Abstract The paper discusses how, both from a moral and ethical perspective, the question of drug testing is complex. The paper explains that hospitals must ensure that every patient receives the best treatment possible, including those who have not yet been born. However, in medical cases where a pregnant woman is involved, the mother also enjoys a right to privacy, guaranteed by the Constitution and this is where the moral dilemma presents itself. The paper looks at the original Supreme Court ruling, Ferguson v. City of Charleston, where a city hospital turned over drug test results from a pregnant patient to the police for prosecution when they found evidence of drug use. The paper concludes that drug testing of pregnant women should continue but the results of their tests should remain confidential. The paper asserts that otherwise there will be implications for many other government interventions into Americans' private lives.
From the Paper "Morally and ethically, this question of drug testing is difficult at best. The original Supreme Court ruling covered the case Ferguson v. City of Charleston, where a city hospital turned over drug test results from a pregnant patient to the police for prosecution when they found evidence of drug use. The patients had no knowledge their results were turned over to police. As a result, 30 women were arrested and ten sued the city. One legal writer notes, "Petitioners were ten women arrested after seeking obstetrical care in a public hospital, some after giving birth. The women were arrested because they had tested positive for cocaine and were therefore suspected of having distributed illegal drags to a minor, namely, their fetuses" (Colb)."
