Abstract This paper examines the role of western imperialist countries in China and the different types of imperialism they tried to impose. The role of treaty ports are looked at, as are the major events in the imperialist period, such as the Opium Wars, the Treaty of Nanking, and the Silver Purchasing Act. It also pays particular attention to the role of the U.S., Russia and Japan in Chinese imperialist affairs. The modernisation process itself is looked at and also the reaction of the Chinese populace and the Ch'ing dynasty.
From the Paper "At the start of the imperialist period, the British motive for 'opening up' trade in China was driven by the desire and the need to be the dominant military and economic power in the world in order to secure its world hegemony, and in particular its economic hegemony. Britain wanted to 'open up' China "to ensure that India had the means of meeting her financial obligations to Britain, and to this end, markets were sought for Indian as well as for British exports" , in China and in other parts of the Far East, such as Burma and Malaysia. Other powers, however, such as Japan and Russia whilst wanting to open China up for the benefits which it potentially held for them in terms of trade, were also driven by a certain strategic element in their thinking. "
A look at how the Chinese revolution influenced literature during the early 1900s specifically focusing on Lu Xun and his novel "The True Story of Ah Q".
Abstract The paper is an account of the Chinese revolution including Sun Yat-Sen, the Ch'ing Dynasty, the Wen Zi Yu laws , the Confucius way of thinking, and a biography of Lu Xun himself. It discusses how Lu Xun was able to capture the essence of the Chinese people during the revolutionary times. It also details the significance of Ah Q's name and its significance to the story. A major point that is made in this paper is how fictional Ah Q is a representation of Lu Xun's world, and how he represents the common man by giving many examples. It also demonstrates how Lu Xun's characters in "The True Story of Ah Q" represent the resistance and the promotion of the changes that were taking place in China during their revolution.
From the Paper "The last dynasty to ever rule in China was the Qing/Ch'ing Dynasty. This particular dynasty was very corrupt and did not meet the needs of its countrymen and women. "The Ch'ing dynasty was established by the Manchus, who invaded China and captured Beijing in 1644, and lasted until 1911. The term Ch'ing means "pure," and it was used to add legitimacy to an alien rule" (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001). It is ironic to see that the term Ch'ing means 'pure', because it was anything but pure. The Ch'ing dynasty had kept its people oppressed by not responding to their everyday needs. Literature was even under attack when the Wen Zi Yu laws went into effect. The Wen Zi Yu laws outlawed anybody to write anythng against the government, and it also let the government control what was acceptanble and what was unacceptable (Wikipedia Encyclopedia : online sorce). "
Tags: ah, ch, chao, confucianism, dynasty, freedom, liberation, lu, q, qing, ren, republic, sen, sun, wen, xun, yat, yu, zi
Abstract This paper looks at one of the earliest empires in the Chinese Classical Civilization, the Ch?in, often referred to as the Qin. It explores how, although the dynasty did not last long, ranging from the years 221 B.C. to 207 B.C., during this time, many changes occurred, including the use of legalism to the start of the Great Wall. In particular, it shows how the first empire was not a long and successful one, but proved to be a great stepping-stone for the history of China and its progression into the modern world.
From the Paper "The quick rise to power was due to the Ch"in's ability to rapidly adjust to the Legalist philosophy. This was initiated under Lord Shang. Realizing that the growth of the Ch"in's power solely rested upon a more efficient and centralized bureaucratic structure, they had to remove themselves from feudalism. Lord Shang created a new aristocracy based on military merit. To support his military, he instituted a draft at the age of fifteen. In turn what this did was replace the chariot and cavalry warfare, with masses of peasant infantry armed with swords and crossbows."
This paper examines some of the virtues of giving officials free reign with their power as well as some of the drawbacks that can result from an abuse of that power, with reference to three Chinese plays from the Yuan Dynasty.
1,055 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 0 sources, 2002, $ 37.95
Abstract This paper compares three plays: "Rain on the Hsiao-hsiang" by Yang Hsien-chih, "The Mo-Ho-Lo Doll" by Meng Han-ch'ing and "The Lute" by Kao Ming. It explores the advantages of allowing officials to freely exercise their power. The writer asserts that the most important way in which this freedom can benefit the citizens is the ability to make judicial decisions based on the specific situation.
From the Paper "The power of officials to overcome the corrupt officialdom of others is shown in The Mo-Ho-Lo Doll. Chang Ting is able to use his influence with the Prefect to overturn the unjust ruling of the 1st judge. He was able to uncover the truth that had been obscured by the poor job of investigation that the 1st judge had done to discover the killer of Li Te-Ch?ang. In the Prefect's opening introduction he says: ?Now this area of Honan Fu is suffering under corrupt officialdom which has been snaring and harming citizens in every fashion. His Sage Presence appointed me Special Prefect here. I am to root out all evil and sustain justice; armed with the "sword of authority and the seal of power"?. By exercising this symbolic "sword of authority and the seal of power", the Prefect was able to correct the injustice done by the previous judge."
From the Paper "This paper will discuss the history of the Chinese family from the time of the late Han dynasty (approximately 200 A.D.) to the early Ch'ing dynasty (approximately 1700). During this long period, there was very little change in the role and structure of the Chinese family. In terms of structure, the extended family was the preferred unit because it increased the strength and stability of the family group. Over time, this idea was expanded until clans and lineages became predominant elements in Chinese society. Other structural elements in the traditional Chinese family centered around authoritarian values, such as male dominance and respect for the elderly. One of the major roles of the family during this time was to help provide a secure basis for social order. In addition, the family was important because it provided purpose and meaning in the life of the individual."
Abstract This paper offers a personal view why it is theoretically preferable to be Da Chen, writer and survivor of Mao's China than K'ang-hsi, Second Emperor of the Ch'ing Dynasty of China. Mainly, this paper argues that it is more or less impossible to control a nation in an inter-connected world and it is even harder to control the world in a time and place wherein democratic principles are ascendant.
From the Paper " As someone who has been fortunate enough to study Chinese history, I feel qualified to offer my views vis-a-vis whether I would prefer to be K'ang-hsi, Second Emperor of the Ch'ing Dynasty of China or Da Chen, writer and survivor of Mao's China and (maybe) a future resident of twenty-first century China. Essentially, I am a positive person and I believe that the future is bright for China; that was not necessarily the case in the 1960s and 1970s when Da Chen was growing up under the yoke of Mao. Be that as it may, I believe that I would much rather be a young person living in twenty-first century China and looking forward to the challenges and expectations of a bright future than to be a potentate in the seventeenth century."
Abstract The paper discusses how for a brief time in the latter half of the 19th century, there was a huge increase in communications and cordial relations between Great Britain and China. However, this had nothing to do with friendship, or any kind of warm relationships. The paper explains that on the side of China, diplomacy seemed the wisest course of action for the faltering Ch'ing dynasty. On the British side, diplomacy was pursued purely in the interests of commerce. These two assertions can clearly be shown by examining relations between the two countries during the time period 1860 to 1864.
Abstract The paper evaluates the online websites of USAA, ING and Scottrade. The paper discusses the three tenets of online marketing: commerce, community and content. The paper relates that while some areas needed further refinement, these sites were generally both informative and gratifying to navigate. The paper arrives at the conclusion that the necessity of physically traveling to a bank or financial services representative is rapidly becoming a relic of the not so distant past.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
USAA Website
ING Website
Scottrade Website
Conclusion
From the Paper "E-businesses, by necessity, rely almost solely on the effectiveness, accuracy, and security of their websites. Failure to adhere to sound marketing and technology principles in building a website can lead to disaster for a company that relies on its website to bring in revenues. The three principles of website marketing: commerce, community, and content, are even more important when considered in relation to the banking and financial services industries, which are increasingly shifting their business models to an online format. (Proctor,...)"
This paper outlines Emperor Wen-ti's (581-604 C.E.) rise to power at the onset of the Sui dynasty in China beginning in 581 C.E. until its fall one emperor later in 617 C.E..
Abstract This paper explains that, after the period of dis-unification, Yan Chien proclaimed himself Emperor Wen-ti initiating the Sui dynasty, which was modeled after the earlier Han dynasty. The author points out that the Sui dynasty centralized Chinese power and returned an air of legitimacy to the imperial house; the principles of governance perfected during the Sui Dynasty remained ingrained in imperial China until its dissolution nearly 1,300 years later. The paper relates that Wen-ti chose to demolish the former capitol Ch'ang-an and rebuild it with the help of distinguished architect and engineer Yu-wen K'ai; Ch'ang-an would become not only the center of Chinese political thought but also the center of the Universe, presided over by the "Son of Heaven".
From the Paper "A man of great piety, Wen-ti actively nurtured the construction of Buddhist and Taoist temples and the recovering and re-copying of both religious and secular literature. To further the goals of unification Wen-ti issued decrees on the, "purification of Chinese literary style" (Wright 10). The Emperor offered charters to those willing to build Buddhist temples and both Wen-ti and his empress were to construct several, including one dedicated to her honor after her death in 603 CE. It is said that this temple was to house a tooth of the Buddha brought back by the pilgrim Fa-hsien from India in the fifth century (Wright 89). However pious, Wen-ti and his advisors also saw organized Buddhism as a force that needed constant monitoring in order to retain the Emperor's divine right of pronouncement on all matters of morality and public policy."
Abstract This paper discusses Inge Scholl's moving book about her brother and sister, who formed a student group, the White Rose, to fight the Nazis with propaganda and intelligent arguments. They were beheaded for treason in 1943. The story is presented in detail. The author of the paper asks: "Did the White Rose members give up their lives in vain?" The author feels that the White Rose members should always be remembered for their bravery and strong belief in freedom for all.
From the Paper "At first, Sophie did not know her brother had any part in the leaflets, but when she visited his room, she saw a book marked with a passage that had been reprinted in the leaflets. She grew frightened because she knew her entire family was in danger if he was caught. Three more leaflets came out in a few more days, and they were found throughout Munich, sometimes in mailboxes. Some they were found in other southern German cities, too. Then the leaflets stopped because all the students had to fight in Russia during the summer break. Sophie went home, and while she was there, she heard from a nurse that all the children in the hospital for the mentally ill were sent to concentration camps and exterminated. While Hans and Werner were fighting, they found out their father was in prison for his remarks about Hitler. They took it as a "mark of distinction" (Scholl 39). On his way home, Hans gives a Jewish prisoner a daisy and a chocolate bar, and she put the daisy in her hair after he left."
Abstract In "The Art of Reflexology," authors Inge Dougans and Suzanne Ellis advocate the healing effects of reflexology or therapeutic foot message, based on principles of ancient Chinese medicine, but fail to prove reflexology produces any substantial therapeutic results. This paper summarizes the historical information and description of reflexology techniques reported in the book. It analyzes theories and documentation provided by the authors to determine the value of this book in relation to nursing.
This paper reviews o the film "Working Days" based on the book "Working at Inglis: The Life and Death of a Canadian Factory" by David Sobel and Susan Meurer.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, 2005, $ 44.95
Abstract This paper states that the film "Working Days" amounts to a nostalgic look by workers at their days of work, socializing and militancy at the Inglis plant in Toronto, where in 1989, all 650 workers were laid off. The author points out that Varga's thesis, which is based in inequality, is that corporate control, in conjunction with globalization and free trade, has destroyed workers' livelihoods as well as their alternative opportunities in the workforce. The paper concludes that a person could learn more about the impact of plant closures on workers from reading a very short article.
From the Paper "Varga explicitly states his two intentions. The first is that "I started out wanting to tell the story of how people cope with losing a job in these terribly uncertain times". The second intention is much more comprehensive, and involves delving beneath the unemployment figures and moving beyond the loss of a pay-cheque to reveal the losses of history, culture and tradition. Varga's thesis is based in inequality, and is that corporate control, in conjunction with globalization and free trade, has destroyed workers' livelihoods as well as their alternative opportunities in the workforce. The film "Working Days" is based on the book "Working at Inglis: The Life and Death of a Canadian Factory"."
Abstract This paper examines how the study of art of the dynasties up to and through the Mongol Yuan dynasties involves the blending of art from the prior dynasties into the Yuan.
Outline
Thesis Statement
The By the Artist Approach
Ch'ien Hsuan
From the Paper "Cahill suggests in his writings, both the work cited and other volumes of his body of works, that perhaps the easiest manner for the Westerner to understand the full significance of Chinese Art through the Yuan dynasties is by the study of several of the artists of the periods involved. This therefore gives one a truer picture of what precisely the circumstances, pressures, social effects and other factors during the time of any given work's preparation. This becomes a vital key to the understanding of the whole scope, and a very large scope it is indeed, of this vast period of World history. A history too many Westerners know very little about and because of the circumstances now existing in China and Taiwan even the Chinese literate are beginning to loose sight of in their headlong rush into globalization. "
Abstract This paper provides a chapter by chapter review of Homer Hickman's book "Rocket Boys." It begins with chapters six to seven and takes the reader through the book, up until chapter fourteen. In each section, the paper describes the events of each set of chapters and briefly explains the theme and message that can be taken from that section of the book.
Table of Contents:
Rocket Boys: Chapters 6-7
Rocket Boys Ch.8-9
Rocket Boys Ch. 10-11
Rocket Boys Ch.12-14
From the Paper "One of the most interesting aspects of this scene is how it echoes many other scenes in Rocket Boys where women help Homer succeed, even while less forward-thinking, jealous, or brutish men do not. Homer's father wants him to work for the mines; Homer's mother wants him to become a scientist. Homer's principal makes the curriculum more difficult only when the school's future football seasons are threatened, Homer's teacher encourages him to shoot for the stars. Even the girls protect the Rocket Club members from the football players at the school and the school even has a female librarian who helps Homer and Miss Riley get the important book on rocket design. "Sonny, it may take awhile, but I believe you can learn the things that are in that book," says Miss Riley, and urges him to enter the science fair (207). Admiration (and perhaps a bit of a schoolboy crush) for Miss Riley acts as a powerful motivational force that drives the young Homer's ambition. "'Miss Riley,' I said, 'if you want me to enter I'll do it'" (207)."
Abstract This paper discusses the Community Health Systems (CHS) - large corporations that own and operate full-service hospitals in non-urban areas. It sets out the history of CHS, how it is managed and how the company analyzes its mission and its operation to see how the two mesh and to determine the population served, the various services that are most needed, and ways of reducing costs and laws that may apply to the operations in different states.
Outline:
Introduction
Community Health Systems
Company History
Company Management
Management Chart
Medical Technology
Conclusion
From the Paper "Materials management is another important function in healthcare facilities, and computer programs have been developed for this purpose as well. There are some two dozen materials management systems available from various vendors today, and these are compared by Adams (1996) to show the features of each and the ways in which they can be used. Adams notes that the extraordinary quantities of data generated from medical supply contracts requires the implementation of materials management programs so that this can no longer be seen as an option but a necessity. These systems offer considerable advantages which contribute to their value, and these systems can supply virtually instantaneous access to all pertinent data, including revenue projections. The systems can help control costs to a significant degree, making materials management a critical aspect of any integrated health care environment (Adams, 1996, pp. 63-65)."
