End-Stage Renal Disease

Paper Summary:

This paper examines the importance of nutrition in end stage renal failure disease versus non-diseased people. It begins by discussing the causes of end-stage renal disease and its recommended treatment. The paper then discusses nutrition in the pre-dialysis and dialysis patient. The paper specifically looks at the restrictions that must be placed on the diet of a patient undergoing dialysis.

Outline:
Causes
Treatment
Nutrition in the Pre-dialysis and Dialysis Patients

From the Paper:

"The definitive treatment of ESRD is the initiation of dialysis (peritoneal or hemodialysis) or renal transplantation with control or eradication of the cause of the kidney disease. However, nutritional support in the patient with end-stage renal disease must take into account the fragile electrolyte balance maintained by the remaining functional nephrons. Nutritional support in these patients most importantly takes into account the stage at which the patient is in. Protein restriction (0.6 g/kg/day) combined with a balanced, calorie-sufficient diet (35 kcal/kg/day) and phosphorus supplementation of up to 10 g/kg/day is the diet of choice for stage 3, 4 and 5CRD patients (Skorecki, Green & Brenner, 2005). Protein restriction is the most important component, which avoids the problem of urea nitrogen accumulation from the catabolism of the n-terminals of excess protein. Other organ system disorders are treated separately."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2007). Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors--United States, 1999-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 56(8), 161-5. Accessed March 3, 2007, from the Pubmed Database.
• Kasper, D.L., Braunwald, E., Fauci, A.S., Hauser, S.L., Longo, D.L. Isselbacher, K.J. & Jameson, J.L. (Eds.) (2005). Harrison's principles of internal medicine (16th ed.) [Online]. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Accessed March 3, 2007, from http://www.accessmedicine.com.
• Middleton RJ, Foley RN, Hegarty J, Cheung CM, McElduff P et al. (2006). The unrecognized prevalence of chronic kidney disease in diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 21(1), 88-92. Accessed March 3, 2007, from the Pubmed Database.
• Skorecki, K, Green, J & Brenner, B.M. (2005). Tuberculosis. In D.L. Kasper, E. Braunwald, A.S. Fauci, K.J. S.L. Hauser, D.L. Longo K.J. Isselbacher & J.L. Jameson (Eds.), Harrison's principles of internal medicine (16th ed.) [Online]. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Accessed March 3, 2007, from http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=87373

More papers on End-Stage Renal Disease:

• Descriptive Essay # 102280 : "End-Stage Renal Disease"
• Term Paper # 101856 : "End Stage Renal Disease"
• Research Proposal # 26243 : "End-Stage Renal Disease"

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