Abstract This paper answers a number of specific questions about the cardiovascularsystem, some of them structural, but many of them tracing blood flow paths through the body. A discussion of the systemic, pulmonary, and fetal circulations is included as well.
From the Paper "The pulmonary circulation takes de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where it is re-oxygenated and returned to the left atrium. From here it passes into the left ventricle. The systemic circulation pumps blood from the left ventricle out to the rest of the body where it delivers oxygen to the tissues and picks up carbon dioxide for discharge from the body by the lungs. It returns the de- oxygenated blood to the right atrium. From here the blood passes into the right ventricle and into the..."
Abstract This paper discusses the topic of cardiovascular disease. The paper looks at how exercise affects the cardiovascularsystem in a positive way and how exercise also positively affects aging, obesity and the muscular and respiratory systems. The author states that scientists, researchers and physicians complete studies every year on the prevention of cardiovascular disease, and consistently, these studies show exercise can play an important part in reducing the instance of cardiovascular disease.
From the Paper "Exercise should be an important part of everyone's life, because it is simply good for everyone. It is well known, even among sedentary Americans, that exercise has a positive affect on the heart and lungs, and it can improve heart health. Many physicians and experts acknowledge that aerobic exercise is extremely effective in promoting heart health. These doctors note, "This would appear also to be the case in understanding the relationship between reactivity and aerobic fitness. One of the consequences of aerobic-exercise training is a reduction in resting heart rate and blood pressure" (McCabe, Schneiderman, Field, & Wellens, 2000, p. 197). Reducing the heart rate and blood pressure leads to better cardiovascular health, and can help, along with a healthy diet, maintain this cardiovascular health throughout life."
Abstract This paper explains that the heart is a pump responsible for maintaining adequate circulation of oxygenated blood around the vascular network of the body. The author points out that the two main coronary arteries, the left and right coronary arteries, lie in sulci running over the surface of the myocardium, covered over by the epicardium, and have many branches that terminate in arterioles, supplying the vast capillary network of the myocardium. The author believes that, while diseases of this system are common, most of the risk factors are related to lifestyle habits and, thus, are modifiable.
From the Paper "Cardiovascular disease includes dysfunctional conditions of the heart, arteries, and veins that supply oxygen to vital life-sustaining areas of the body like the brain, the heart itself, and other vital organs. If oxygen doesn't arrive the tissue or organ will die. Ischemic heart disease is the term for obstruction of blood flow to the heart. This disorder results because excess fat or plaque deposits narrow the veins that supply oxygenated blood to the heart. Excess buildup of fat or plaque is respectively termed arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. Equally significant would be inadequate oxygen flow to the brain, which causes a stroke."
Abstract This essay examines the psychological characteristics and psychosocial factors associated with, or causative of, cardiovascular disease. The essay also addresses some models like the cardio reactivity model, psychoneuroimmunology, the role of the sympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular disease, and the HPA axis. The association of certain psychosocial risk factors such as depression leading to medical non-compliance is also dealt with.
Outline:
Introduction
Psychological Factors Associated With or Causative of Cardiovascular Disease
Psychosocial Factors
Cardio Reactivity Model
Psychoneuroimmunology
The Involvement of the Sympathetic Nervous System The HPA Axis
Association of Psychosocial Risk Factors with Certain Health Behaviors
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Psychological risk factors for coronary syndromes belong to three categories. These include: chronic, episodic, and acute psychological risk factors (Kop, 1999). Chronic psychological risk factors (like hostility) lead to a gradual progression of coronary artery disease. The temporal relation to coronary syndrome is 10 years and the associated cardiovascular risks include hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and increased sympathetic activation. The pathophysiology involves sympathetic activity and elevated lipids. The primary pathological result is atherosclerosis (Kop, 1999).
"Psychological risk factors, which occur episodically (like exhaustion) have a duration, which lasts from few months to two years and can occur again. The temporal relation to coronary syndrome is 2 years and the associated cardiovascular risks include increased blood clotting and inflammation, and a shift of sympatho-vagal balance. The pathophysiology involves sympatho-vagal imbalance, neurohormonal changes, and a procoagulant state. The primary pathological result is altered homeostasis (Kop, 1999)."
Abstract "The paper discusses cardiovascular health, highlighting in brief the five basic cardiac systems: coronary arteries, peridardium, myocardium, endocardium and cardiac conductive system. The paper further examines the associated pathologies and NYHA classifications, and the psychological and vocational counseling implications for each of the cardiac categories presented.
From the Paper "Much can be said about cardiovascular health. As one of the leading causes of death and disability in both men and women, cardiovascular disease must be understood by those at risk, current patients and those in the health profession or allied helping professions seeking to offer assistance. Cardiovascular disease is often a silent killer that can strike without warning. It is often cited as the number one cause of death in men and women in the US. Reyes (2005) states that "at any given time, there are about 6 million Americans with symptoms of cardiovascular disease." "
Abstract This paper describes the causes, diagnosis and medications used to treat cardiovascular accidents (CVAs), also known as strokes. The paper also gives an outline of the responsibilities of nurses caring for such patients and what is expected of them.
From the Paper "A stroke or cardiovascular accident causes damage to the brain when the blood supply is reduced or stopped completely usually by the bursting of a blood vessel or the occlusion of a vessel by a blood clot . A thrombotic stroke occurs when a blood clot forms in an artery and blocks the blood supply to part of the brain. An embolic stroke occurs when a blood clot or piece of plaque breaks away in another part of the body and blocks an artery in..."
Abstract This paper explains that research has demonstrated that the psychosocial status of the individual is likely to correlate to their cardiovascular fitness. The author points out that positive social roles correlate to a positive status, while negative social roles lead to a lower level of status. The paper uses the Kolcaba Comfort Care Model to identify and promote positive psychosocial development in patients.
From the Paper "A growing body of data suggests that the emergence and severity of cardiovascular disease is contributed to by the psychosocial status of the body (Barry, 1996). The psychosocial status of the body refers to the correlation of social and psychological factors, and the impact that these factors have - both combined and separately - on the individual's physical status (Barry, 1996; Catherall, 2004). Data suggests that the psychosocial status of the individual has active correlates to the onset and development of heart disease, particularly cardiovascular failure (Drench, 2002; Catherall, 2004). "
Abstract This paper gives a sample systems plan for a fitness center that wishes to improve its information and communications technology by purchasing hardware and software. The purpose of the plan is to enable The Fitness Center to obtain competitive advantage over other fitness clubs by providing a system to help members plan a fitness program to meet their particular needs. Specific jobs and teams are described as part of the plan, as are the various stages of implementation. The paper also includes a list of system development guidelines that are to be followed during the project. The paper concludes by mentioning that the plan has support from the staff at The Fitness Center and they intend to let the public know about the new system.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose and Goal of the Fitness Center Information System Roles and Responsibilities of the Fitness Center Information System Roles and Responsibilities of the PMO and Project Team
Project Team Leader
Senior Developers
Developers
Quality Assurance Analyst
Database Administrator
Other Roles
Systems Development Methodology
The Fitness Center Information System (TFCIS) Project Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Systems Investigation
Systems Analysis and Design
Systems Construction and Development
Systems Implementation, Review and Maintenance Schedule
Milestones and Activities
Systems Development Guidelines
Conclusion
Marketing Activities and Future Plans
From the Paper "In line with TFCIS Project, the management decided to create a Project Management Office (PMO) to be headed by the Director of Marketing acting as the Project Sponsor and he will assign one of his supervisors to act as the Project Manager. The roles and responsibilities of the PMO is to "provide project management support functions and is responsible for the direct management (Project Management Institute, Inc., 2004)" of the TFCIS Project. The Fitness Center hired the services of one of the city's top software development companies and the software development company directly reports to the PMO. To ensure understanding of roles, responsibilities and deliverables, the following are the software development company's Project Team's duties, responsibilities and deliverables...."
Tags:systems, administration, computers, fitness, center
Abstract This paper discusses the dual court system in the U.S.A. and explains that this system refers to a two court system: the State Court system and the Federal court system. According to the paper, this dual system is an authority division system. The function of each court is discussed as well as court unification and the monolithic court system, where the two court systems merge together forming a single court system. In addition, the paper discusses which type of court is more beneficial.
Outline:
Introduction
Dual Court System Court Unification and Monolithic Court System Conclusion
From the Paper "Dual court system started as an assurance of limited federal intervention in local matters during the union formation. Earlier states created their own laws and the laws differed from state to state. Thus state courts were necessary for hearing cases relating to violation of those laws. The formation of the federal laws necessitated the creation of federal court systems. In present scenario, the two systems are distinct entities, neither one of which interferes in the affairs of the other."
Abstract This document is a design proposal created according to the requirements of the system requirements specification document for an emergency dispatching system for the State of Victoria. The design proposal details how the system will log incoming calls to police, fire, ambulance and state emergency services, send dispatching requests to various services, monitor resource allocation and status and provide complete auditing facilities. The paper is written largely in point form and has many graphics.
Table of Contents:
1. Overall Description of the Proposed Design
1.1. Incident Calls and Information Gathering
1.2. Resource Allocation
1.3. Communication With Emergency Units
1.4. Auditing System 1.5. Conclusion
2. Constraints
3. Functional Requirements
3.1 Requirement - Incoming Call Screen
3.2 Requirement - Timer Initiation and Ending
3.3 Requirement - Dispatch Unit Screen
3.4 Requirement - Submit Incident Report to Auditing Subsystem
3.5 Requirement - Secure Access to System 3.6 Requirement - Description of Incident
3.7 Requirement - Cancel Incident Response
3.8 Requirement - Search and View Incident Log Records
3.9 Requirement - Issue Monthly Summary Report of Operations
3.10 Requirement - Status of Mobile Unit
3.11 Requirement - Communications
3.12 Requirement - Restore Unit to Operational Status
3.13 Requirement - Estimated Cost of Incident
3.14 Requirement - Interface to First Aid Databases
3.15 Requirement - Advise Hospital of Organ Donors
8. Structure Diagram
4. Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)
4.1 Context Diagram
4.2 Diagram 0
4.3 Diagram 1
4.4 Diagram 1
4.5 Diagram 1
4.5 Diagram 1
5. Screen Designs
5.1 Incoming Call Screen
5. 2 Dispatch Screen
6. Hardware Requirements
7. Data Migration
8. Estimates
9. Estimated Costs and Benefits of the New System 9.1 Hardware and Software Costs
9.2 Labour/Manpower Costs
9.3 Tangible Benefits of the New System 9.4 Intangible Benefits of the New System 10. Test Plan
From the Paper "The new system is composed of 4 sub-systems which provide a complete and accurate response to emergency incidents, both in the field and in the no less important realm of auditing. The auditing system is of prime importance to the Victorian Government as by law it must assess the Emergency Services to ascertain if they are functioning in an efficient manner and at a suitable level."
Tags: allocation, auditing, design, information, resource, response, system
Abstract This paper provides a thorough overview of the gathering systems requirements process in relation to the overall systems development process. The paper includes an analysis of the two basic types of system requirements, both technical and business related. The paper also provides an overview of both the technical and business-related unmet needs of external and internal customers.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Overview of the Gathering Systems Requirements Process
Why the Gathering Systems Requirements Phase Is Most Critical
Comparing Business Versus Technical Needs In the Context of the Gathering Systems Requirements Phase
Methodologies for Collecting User Requirements
From the Paper "Requirements Specification, Validation and Management is also critical in the Gathering System Requirements Process - This is also a very critical task in that the feasibility of the project and its vision must be rigorously and thoroughly defined into product and solution concepts that can be transformed into specific application features and solution sets. The progression of turning requirements into specifications, validating them, and managing the requirements in the context of an overall product line strategy is also very critical. The database or repository of requirements must be continually managed and updated to reflect current user and customer unmet needs, with a strong focus on how to translate them into future product directions."
Abstract This paper examines how nearly every institution of higher education has some form of an honor system with varying degrees of student participation, predetermined harshness and procedure, and sets of guidelines governing student conduct and integrity. It employs the interpretive paradigm as an approach to understanding the motivations and actions of James Madison University's honor system's most intimate agents. It attempts to show that what we learn about the agents of the honor system is most telling when drawn into sharper relief with less intimate, less permanent, more occasional agents, such as witnesses, professors, and defendants. It focuses on the culture of the JMU honor system's more intimate agents and on the more attenuated participants and argues that the honor system's internal agents embrace a culture of guilt, whereby agents weave into their framework a stronger presumption of guilt for accused parties than those external to the system and a greater taste for severity of punishment.
From the Paper "Cheating is prevalent at American colleges and universities. Rutgers University professor Donald L. McCabe is an expert in the field of academic integrity. Research that he conducts published in The Chronicle of Higher Education indicates that nearly 75 percent of students at top colleges and universities have cheated at least once in their adult academic career. (The Chronicle, Oct. 15, 1999). Unless James Madison University is substantially different in some relevant respect from the compilation of schools McCabe's evidence is based upon, there is no reason to think that the rate of cheating at JMU is a substantial deviation from what McCabe reports the national rates to be. (This of course is if we relax any potential criticism of McCabe's internal validity for the time being)."
An analysis of current market and applications for Executive Information Systems software solutions plus details of a small company and how it benefits when implementing such an executive information system.
Abstract The following paper examines how L.L. Bradford and Company, a regional CPA firm, decided to offer its clients full financial services. This paper discusses how such a company that wishes to effectively service their customers and maximize the value of the benefits they can provide, needs to find a software package that can integrate all the existing ?legacy systems? on a relational basis, and allow information that previously had been available only to the auditors through their software to become available to all. The writer also examines how L.L. Bradford chose to buy and customize an off-the-shelf Executive Information System called "Goldmine";which allows all departments to have access to the same customer information, allowing for marketing of services, billing, follow-up and other services the company wishes to provide its clients. This paper goes on to prove that the above is a good example of the benefit of Executive Information Systems, as it shows basically what can be done, and how business and communication between business and clients, departments and management, owners and employees can be facilitated to build business and stimulate growth.
From the Paper "Internet technologies and applications have grown more rapidly than anyone could have envisioned, even as recently as five years ago. They have opened up new means and frontiers of communication, collaboration and coordination between customers, businesses and trading partners.Executive Information Systems, also known as Enterprise Software is an explosively-growing $23 billion a year sub-industry of software for companies looking to use technology to improve virtually every key corporate function ? manufacturing, finance, sales, marketing, human resources and supply-chain management. Executive Information Systems, or Enterprise Resource Planning software, solutions are software solutions that provide a common, consistent system to capture data organization-wide to integrate information across corporate functions and to provide tools for planning and monitoring the various functions and processes towards a common purpose. To compete effectively, companies are challenged to create new products, maximize efficiencies in service, processing and administration, and increase penetration within existing markets, all the while keeping customers satisfied with high levels of service which may span several time zones. While the profitability of corporations is typically measured in dollars, overall success can be measured in terms of profitability plus the attainment of organizational goals. This success derives from a synergy of inputs, including the work of employees who are dedicated, skilled and knowledgeable, and a management team that understands how to inspire competent and motivated performance through sensitive and responsive management of a continually changing workplace."
Abstract This paper explores the reasons for the shift from a hub-based token ring system to an Ethernet system. The author discusses the desire for increased speed, greater bandwidth and general updating of the system to be more compatible with other contemporary systems.
From the Paper "The Ethernet originated as a laboratory project at Xerox Corporation in 1974. It was developed as an inexpensive way of sending information quickly between office machines connected together in a single room or building thus serving in essentially the same way that a local area network functions but it rapidly became a standard computer interconnection method in large measure because of the speed at which it is capable of transmitting data, which is 10 megabits per second. The Ethernet originally required a coaxial cable as its communications medium, but this is no longer the case."
This well-researched paper examines the juvenile justice system and its method of dealing with juvenile offenders which has cyclically gone from a rehabilitative approach to a punitive approach a number of times since its inception.
Abstract This paper explores the history of the juvenile justice system, dating back to the 1820s and until the present. The juvenile justice system in dealing with juvenile offenders has cyclically gone from a rehabilitative approach to a punitive approach a number of times since its inception. The writer of this paper contends that in certain cases juvenile criminals should be treated differently than adults who commit the same crimes and supports this claim by detailing eight possible justifications. One justification is that adults are responsible for their acts, whereas juveniles are not. Another justification is that juveniles are more pliable than adults and respond better to treatment and rehabilitation.
This paper also details various research which examines the history of the juvenile justice system from 1820 which found that when juvenile crime is determined to be high, the justice system responds with severe punishments and few rehabilitative approaches. This paper also discusses the current approach to the juvenile justice system and questions its effectiveness in dealing with juvenile offenders.
From the Paper "What the models or approaches have neglected up to this point is the importance of the victim and the community, accountability of the offender, and competency development. So far there has been the debate between punishment versus treatment as options, but both have negative side effects and essentially ignore everything else. The need for retribution may be satisfied by punishment, but the offender can be negatively affected. Punishment can undermine self-restraint, stigmatizes the offender and creates problems of adjustment, which encourages delinquency, to name a couple, but it also encourages offenders to focus on themselves, not the victim and their responsibility."
Tags: youth, crime, law, legal, justice, system, court, rights
