Abstract Certain theories commonly attribute the formation of the Grand Canyon to the process of erosion by the Colorado River, but disagree with regard to the period and the actual process. Geologists continue to debate on it, but continuous changes around the Grand Canyon pose problems for them to reach a consensus.
Abstract This paper will address the formation of the Grand Canyon through geological processes, focusing mainly on erosion. It will then address the human interventions with the canyon, from its discovery to modern day. Again, most of the focus will be on water control, as well as a detrimental population increase in the number of tourists.
This paper, using Brian Fagan's five qualifications of a state-level society, examines the question if the Ancient Mycenaean and Chaco Canyon communities were complex societies.
1,770 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 57.95
Abstract This paper explains that factors, including mortuary or burial evidence, economic systems and the presence of differentiated housing, can be used to determine if patterns of differences between elite versus common citizens existed, which helps decipher whether a community is considered a state-level or complex society. The author points out the fact that there are major differences between the palaces and housing for commoners in Mycenaean culture inferring that there was a definite distinction in socioeconomic status: the Mycenaean is a true state-level or complex society. The paper relates that the Chaco Canyon housing structures were much less extravagant than that of the Mycenaean; however, it was the temporary residence by pilgrimages outside of the communities that brought items to trade and thus wealth into the Chacoan societies: Chaco Canyon was a non-state-level society.
From the Paper "The burial patterns of the Mycenaean give us insight as to certain differences between the elite and common citizens and the burial patterns of the Chaco Canyon Society do so as well. In an article entitled, "Complexity, Hierarchy, and scale: A Controlled Comparison between Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, and La Quemada, Zacatecas" Ben Nelson states, "Aspects of Chacoan mortuary patterning have also been interpreted as indicative of hierarchy." In areas thought to have held the elites of the Chaco Canyon citizens such as the great houses or towns, individuals buried here were on average 4cm taller than individuals found buried outside of these places where the elite resided. The individuals buried near the great houses were also significantly healthier and showed less signs of nutritional stress than individuals outside of these areas."
Abstract This research paper presents an examination of employee morale at Canyon Springs. Specifically, the researcher proposes an attempt to discern whether the creation of a positive work environment and increased employee morale is possible via implementation of a Treatment of People Program. Via use of a survey questionnaire, interviews and a thorough examination of the literature available on the subject of employee morale, the author draws conclusions related to the factors influencing employee morale, and proposes a solution for creation of a positive work environment at Canyon Springs.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Background to the Problem
Proposal
Method
Conclusion
Appendix I
References/Resources
From the Paper "The researcher proposes that implementation of a Treatment of People Program will help stimulate employee morale and foster a positive work environment. Studies suggest that to boost employee morale employers must rely on methods other than compensation, designed to pay specific attention to unique employee needs, wants and desires (Bryson, 2001). In today's competitive marketplace, it is more important than ever that employers take time to survey employee needs and develop morale boosting initiatives to ensure the long term success of an organization over time."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed look at the group of fossils in a certain are of the Grand Canyon in the United States. The paper concentrates on the paleontology of these fossils and their uniqueness.
From the Paper "The Grand Canyon Supergroup is a thick sequence of Precambrian strata located in-between overlying Paleozoic rocks and underlying crystalline rocks. This Supergroup is comprised mainly by the Nankoweap Formation and the Chuar Group that include three sub-formations and seven members. These formations, groups, and members still puzzle many geologists and paleontologists for their is no conclusive evidence regarding the Supergroup's formation as well as classifying some of the fossils found there. The 2100 meters of the Grand Canyon Supergroup is still undergoing extensive research and will until all the mysteries surrounding it are solved."
Abstract This paper researches and examines the relevant information available in relation to the Cambrian System of the Grand Canyon. The paper explains that the lower middle and upper series in the stratigraphic scale of the Cambrian is a duration of over 50 million years but the three facies of the Tonto group deposited simultaneously appear super and juxtaposed which could be explained due to a varying velocity of the water flow in the different zones while sedimentation was still in its formation process.
Outline
Objective
Introduction
The Cambrian System
Stratigraphy of the Grand Canyon The Tonto Group Formations and Layers
Zones in the Tonto Group Strata
Summary
From the Paper " The stratigraphy of the Grand Canyon is illustrated in the chart below: Precambrian sedimentological layer is a "complex group of highly metamorphic and intensively folded rock of the "Vishnu Group", inclusive of chlorite-mica schist, with minor amount of amphibolites, gneiss and calc-silicate rocks. Occurrences of Zoroaster pink feldspars granite is noted with intrusion of Vishnu rocks vertically and pegmatic veins that are as thick as multiples of ten meters. The Zoroaster and Vishnu rocks the compositional materials of the Lower Proterozoic. These rocks are laid over by tilted Upper Proterozoic volcanic0sedimentary Grand Canyon Supergroup in some tectonic depressions with the Tonto Group of the Cambrian System overlaying the Vishnu and the Zoroaster rocks. (Grand Canyon, 1989) "
Abstract A thriving and well-developed civilization appeared around the Chaco Canyon some time after 1 AD and went on to become one of the most representative in the area until its decline in the 14th century. This paper looks at how a well-planned network of roads encouraged trade with other local communities and those as far south as Mexico and the Toltec civilization, while the Anasazi locally manufactured pottery, jewelry, and magnificent buildings, which can still be admired today.
From the Paper "The archeological evidence discovered in the area proves that the Anasazi first moved into the area and into the southern Colorado Plateau some time at the beginning of the 1st millennium, that is, around 1 AD. The local population of the time became a "settled, agricultural people who have valued land and water above all else" . This gives us some clues about the later disappearance of the population.
The earliest Anasazi population occupied an area that had been previously abandoned by Archaic Indian populations. Settled in the area, the Anasazi civilization entered in the so-called Basketmaker phase, a simple, self-sufficient society. Later on, around the year 500 AD, the Anasazi began to introduce and develop their famous pottery, began using the bow and arrow, build pit dwellings and began to cultivate a larger variety of crops, more nutritious, including beans among others."
Abstract This paper discusses Alice Beck Kehoe's book, "The Ghost Dance: Ethno-history and Revitalization", claiming that although it covers a relatively small slice of a much greater historical period, it has indeed become an enduring work. The paper presents this work as a short read focusing upon only one Native-American nation and in an overall scheme of the broader anthropological study that comes under the heading of "Ghost Dancing of the Grand Canyon". Moreover, the paper explains that the work does indeed have some detractors among which are the eastern Native-American nations.
Outline
Book Report Thesis Statement
Ethnography
The Case Study Approach
Revitalization
The Main Detractor
From the Paper "The anthropological science of ethnography is a widely accepted methodology for the study of a particular cultural. It entails a lengthy study of a particular culture such as Ms Kehoe is accomplishing in her work using the tools of detailing "oral histories," "written histories," "face to face interviews," and "media resources." Using these factors and others, such as "studies of specific geographical locations and their influences," "photography," along with many other factors to arrive at as an accurate characterization of an Ethnic History of a given group as possible. The Ethnography Ms Kehoe uses are the locations along the Colorado River System that is the home of the Native American Paiute (sic) Nation. The story, seen through the eyes of Mr. James Mooney of the Smithsonian Institution begins with an explanation of the "Ghost Dance Religion," as explained to him beginning of New Years Day of 1892. Furthermore, this context along with the many "Illustrations," and "References," in use by Ms Kehoe carries the study forward through massacres at Wounded Knee of 1896 and 1973."
Abstract This paper discusses the unique geography of the state of Utah. The paper reviews the different types of geology, landscapes and recreational opportunities in Utah as well as Utah's national parks.
Contents:
Introduction
About Utah's Landscape
Utah Heritage and Culture
Mormon History and Heritage
The Weather of Utah
National Parks Of Utah
Zion National Park
Bryce Canyon National Park
Arches National Park
Canyon lands National Park
Capitol Reef National Park
Ashley National Forest
Utah Fishing
Utah Hunting
Utah Camping
Boating in Utah
Utah Skiing
Utah Snowmobiling
Rock Hounding Utah
The Winter Olympic- 2002
From the Paper "Another exciting and well known outdoor activity is trout fishing, in high mountain lakes and streams. Seldom know that the state also offers a wide variety of other exciting fishing opportunities such as trophy lake trout. The trout alone weighs at over 40 pounds. In addition, ferocious tiger muskie, striped bass so abundant that they have removed the limit, exclusive and hard-fighting wipers, as well as quality waters for walleye, perch, smallmouth, channel catfish, largemouth, crappie, white bass, and several other species are all to be fond in fishing. Fishing is open throughout the year on most waters. However, all visitors have to follow certain rules of fishing, which are available at all Wildlife Resources offices and also at most local stores and visitor information outlets. "
Abstract This paper explains that disasters, which take the form of natural calamities or man made events, have extremely negative effects upon the population and the environment. Prevention is the best method to avoid the catastrophic outcome of a disaster; however, when prevention is not possible, the local, national and international authorities have to minimize the effects of the disaster by interfering and helping the victims. The author points out that the authorities' intervention is not always to the benefit of the population and sometimes increases the damage, such as in the case of the Katrina hurricane and the Crandall Canyon mine collapse. The paper describes standard emergency procedures.
Table of Contents:
Thesis Statement
Disasters
Emergency Management
Standard Procedures to Follow in Case of Disasters
Wrongful Emergency Management
Management of Hurricane Katrina
Crandall Canyon Mine Collapse
Conclusions
From the Paper "Yet another eloquent example of the authorities' incapacity to accordingly administrate a crisis situation has only recently been presented to us. On 6th of August 2007, the Crandall Canyon Mine collapsed, trapping 6 workers inside.
"The authorities soon responded to the call, but they were unaware of the stability and safety within the mine. In the attempt to rescue the trapped miners, the local authorities sent a team of nine members to dig and recover the miners. But the authorities made a big mistake by blindly sending the team underground."
Abstract This paper looks at how, in times of disaster, local, national, and international authorities are supposed to interfere in order to help the victims of the disaster and reduce its effects to a minimum level. However, the authorities' intervention is not always to the benefit of the population, as sometimes the interventions only increase the damage. The paper uses the examples of the Katrina hurricane and the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse to demonstrate this point, noting that, in both cases, the interference of the law enforcements increased the number of casualties. Thus, the paper argues that the need for improved capabilities to interfere in crisis situations becomes more and more obvious. This is needed not only because of the actual incapacity of the law enforcements to actually aid the victims, but also because of the shifting nature of disasters. The paper concludes that as the potential causes of disaster increase rapidly, so must the emergency management programs.
Table of Contents:
Thesis Statement
Disasters
Emergency Management
Standard Procedures to Follow in Case of Disasters
Wrongful Emergency Management
Management of Hurricane Katrina
Crandall Canyon Mine Collapse
Conclusions
From the Paper "In order to explain their failure to properly manage a disaster, authorities argue that the emergency management does not solely apply to the government and its subsidies, but to the overall population. The police explain that in crisis situations, the population panics and they have far too high demands from the local authorities. Furthermore, another argument of the law centres is that during peaceful times, the population does not engage in activities to prevent disasters, the way they should."
Tags: unreliable, social phenomenon, new orleans, second collapse, victims
Abstract The Monkey Wrenches are a group of people who travel through the United States, protesting against the violation of natural desert by man-made construction sites, their motto being "Keep it Like It Was". This paper discusses the book "The Monkey Wrench Gang," by Edward Abbey. Specifically, it discusses where 'Monkey Wrenching' fits into protest politics as a bridge to mass movement politics. It also questions whether Monkey Wrenching is part of the fabric of participatory democracy. Finally, the paper questions whether Monkey Wrenching has a place in our participatory representative democracy, despite it being extraordinary politics.
From the Paper "Anyone who engages in political protest as the Monkey Wrench Gang does is engaging in extraordinary politics, outside the "normal" boundaries of political behavior. America is known for these political struggles of revolt and protest, from the war protesters during the 60s, who finally helped bring an end to the Vietnam War, to the Monkey Wrench Gang, who band together to fight a common enemy, the destruction of their beloved desert Southwest. Political protest does not always work, but it usually gains attention for the cause, and brings others to join the bandwagon. That is part of the purpose of political revolt, to bring the problem out in the open and get others involved. In the case of the Monkey Wrench Gang, they created an environmental movement called "Earth First!" that still exists today. Civil disobedience and political revolt are the ultimate form of democratic struggle, for it is almost always only found in a democratic system, where people are free to speak their minds, even if they do not speak the most popular notions."
Abstract T. Coraghessan Boyle's novel, "The Tortilla Curtain", offers readers a close-up, graphically realistic view of the hardships that confront Mexican immigrants trying to find the American Dream, juxtaposed with the "good life" of an affluent family living behind stylish walls. This review of "The Tortilla Curtain" compares and contrasts the main characters in the novel, Delaney Mossbacker and his wife Kyra and Candido Rincon and his wife America, in order to come to a greater understanding of the social issues facing Mexican immigration. The report also incorporates the views of writers, critics, and scholars to understand the bigger picture of Chicano labor history and the deeper meaning behind Boyle's literary effort.
From the Paper "To Candido (49) that very canyon, with its ?little clearing by the stream,? its "leaves" and "rocks" all seemed ?unchanging, eternal, as dead as a photograph.? And, living there in the canyon, Candido saw it as ?a jail cell and he was a prisoner, incarcerated in his thoughts.? In fact, Boyle continues, at least prisoners had an opportunity to read something, listen to a radio, a place to sit and "take a contemplative crap" ? while for Candido, his prison was unchanging, and all he did was doze, wake up, and sleep again. There were no license plates to make, or rocks to break. Just a sun that was always "in the same place in the sky" (50)."
Abstract Our entire society is governed by consumerism and competition and in order for our economy to thrive, our appetite for prosperity must continually grow. The paper argues that it is for this very reason that we must take wilderness protection very seriously. As a commercial society we are dependant on our abundance of natural resources and our common wealth of public land to fuel our ever-growing population. The paper argues that even if the average person never visits a pristine forest, their quality of life is seriously affected by its preservation.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Why Protect Wilderness?
Wilderness as a Resource
Biodiversity
Wilderness as a Laboratory
The Arctic Refuge; An Urgent Risk
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "Perhaps a fundamental importance of wilderness lies in its ability to provide a basis for understanding the effects of our current land-use practices. Wilderness offers us "an ecological laboratory" (Miller, 199) where it is possible to examine nature as it was meant to function. Multiple use approaches to land management and other attempts at conservation may well be practical solutions towards preserving wilderness. However, without being able to compare our practices to an area of land that has not been managed or disturbed, it would be almost impossible to judge the difference. In addition, the National Resource Defiance Council, or NRDC, claims that half of our public lands are home to endangered or threatened species. Unspoiled wilderness provides a habitat in which both nature and evolution can progress without disruption."
Abstract The paper describes how, through the ages, it has become evident that ancient civilizations had methods of creating structures that are unexplained, even to this day. The paper discusses how the manner in which astronomy affects archeology verifies this contention. The paper examines ancient observatories such as Chaco Canyon, Machu Picchu, and Chichen Itza, which have given science the means to explore the methods practiced by ancient societies in correlating the existence of their societies with the heavens.
