Abstract This paper discusses the Suez Canal, the origin and outcome of crisis, the impact on the status of Nasser in the Arab world and ramifications of crisis regarding relations between Egypt and Israel.
Abstract This paper depicts the economy of Panama presently providing a background of the Panama Canal and the effect of the American pullout on the economic conditions.
Abstract This paper examines the Suez Canal crisis and President Eisenhower's anger at Great Britain and France. The paper discusses Eisenhower's anger from the point of view of historians and analyzes it in relation to the historical context at the time. The paper mentions the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union and how his reaction was influenced by the realities of geopolitics of the time.
From the Paper "The Suez Canal Crisis: An Analysis of Eisenhower's Response In order to understand the Suez Canal crisis and President Eisenhower's anger at Great Britain and France, it is necessary to examine the historical context of this event. Historians are in general agreement that Eisenhower's reaction to the Suez Canal crisis was influenced by the realities of geopolitics at the height of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. Eisenhower reacted angrily to the Suez Canal crisis primarily because his highest foreign policy priority was the containment of communism, but this strategic goal was undermined by the military actions undertaken by Great Britain and France in the Middle East in 1956. "
Abstract The paper speaks about the engineering marvel of the Panama Canal which was the culmination of one of modern history's great negotiating processes. The paper describes how America deliberated with the French and the Columbians to secure the rights to complete the project.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Introduction to the Problem
Identify and Define the Problem
Types of Interest
Alternative Solutions
Common Goals and Objectives
Commitment to Work Together
Building Trust
Conclusion
From the Paper "The Americans also had to build trust with the workers who would ultimately dig the canal. Many workers for the French dig had died from the poor conditions, and the Americans needed to avoid a repeat in order to keep work moving. Unfortunately, the project got off to a poor start in 1904, when project leader John Findlay Wallace duplicated many of the French mistakes ("TR's legacy," No date). Conditions were unsanitary, the food supply was terrible, and disease began to spread again, prompting many workers to leave the project. When Wallace was replaced by John Stevens, Stevens' first priorities were to build better facilities for workers, improve sanitation efforts on the project, and to make sure the workers were well fed. These steps built trust with the disenfranchised workers, and historians widely believe that the canal would not have been completed without Stevens' intervention."
This paper is a case study of the environmental disaster at Love Canal in Niagara Falls, which led to new environmental policies and the creation of the Superfund.
Abstract This paper explains that the never completed Love Canal became a dump site for chemical wastes from Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation, a local company and subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum Corporation. The author relates that, in 1978, twenty five years after the Hooker Chemical Company stopped dumping into the Love Canal, it was suspected that carcinogens were leaching from their containers causing birth defects, miscarriages, breathing problems and burns. The paper states that the Department of Justice, acting as a representative of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), won lawsuits against these companies. The author reports that, in 1980, Congress passed the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, known as Superfund, which enforced a tax on industries with chemical and petroleum products and made it easier for the Federal Government to respond to hazardous waste exposure.
Table of Contents:
An Introduction to Love Canal The Love Canal Chemical Incident
The United States vs. Hooker Chemical
Funding for Relief Efforts
Love Canal and the Creation of Superfund
The Road to Recovery and Normalization
Present Day Love Canal
From the Paper "Prosecutors requested that the court order an immediate remediation of all four disposal site, the construction of walls to barricade the chemicals that remained, and to install water and air monitoring systems, all to be funded by Hooker Chemical. Complete medical service for each person living in the Love Canal and Hyde Park areas of Niagara Falls was also requested by prosecutors, at the expense of Hooker. This medical program requested was to include all past and present residents and their offspring, and health coverage was proposed for the rest of their lives."
Abstract The Yellow Fever as it is known hampered the completion of the Panama Canal. This paper explores the many problems caused by the yellow fever in the building of the Panama Canal. .
Abstract This paper looks at how the city of Augusta, Georgia, has faced many challenges over the years. It explains why the Augusta Canal has been an important part of its economic development, with reference to the textile mills. It states that the canal has been a continued source of power and economic support.
From the Paper "Textile manufacturers ?once dominated the Augusta Canal area. Cheap overseas apparel manufacturers have hurt the domestic textile industry, however (Bankston, Woes).? In 2001, the J.P. King Manufacturing Division of Spartan International, which was located along the Augusta Canal, closed their doors after over a hundred years in Augusta. The action put 306 employees out of work with no notice. Many of the employees were members of the same family, thus increasing the impact of the closure. The employees were aware the plant was having financial difficulties, but were not expecting such a drastic action. With the closure of King Manufacturing, the only manufacturer left on the canal is Avondale Mills? Sibley Plant."
Abstract The paper talks about the Panama Canal Treaties, why they are important to the U.S. and how we benefit from them. It further examines how President Carter was able to influence the Senate and the American people to get them to support two treaties.
From the Paper "On September 7, 1977 President Jimmy Carter signed two treaties with Panamanian General Omar Torrijos. The first treaty, known as The Panama Canal Treaty, provided for the slow transfer of the canal and Canal Zone to Panama by December 31, 1999. Both nations under this treaty would work together to make sure that the canal operated efficiently and uninterrupted. The second treaty, known as the Neutrality Treaty, dealt with permanent neutrality and operation of the canal. Critics of The Panama Canal treaty argued that the treaty does not mention what military action the United States can take if the canal was threatened. They also argued that the Neutrality Treaty does not contain a cause for U.S. and Panamanian joint defense. Before the treaty became law it faced a tough battle for passage in the Senate."
Abstract This paper explains how the U.S. encouraged the Soviet Union to invade Hungary and keep its troops there in order to keep the Soviets out of the Middle East during the Suez Canal crisis.
From the Paper "The Suez Crisis developed from an American plan to win the support of Saudi Arabia and at the same time expose Egypt's leader, Gamal Abdel Nasser as a Soviet pawn. The Saudis were anti-communist, but also historically anti-British, and to counter Soviet inroads in the Middle East, the US had to assure the their support. In October 1954, Secretary of State Dulles offered to sell arms to Egypt only if Nasser agreed to not buy weapons from the USSR and he publicly denounced the Soviets. Nasser spoke out against the communists, but continued to buy Soviet arms as the US had expected he would."
Tags: cold, nagy, nassar, war, dulles, saudi, israel, egypt
Abstract This paper discusses Panama, a Central American republic, whose unique geographic location on the narrow strip of land connecting two continents (North and South America) and separating two oceans (the Pacific and Atlantic) has played a defining role in the country's history and the lives of its people. It looks at how apart from the importance of its location that gave rise to the famous Panama Canal connecting the two great oceans, the country lives in the shadow of the neighboring United States and much of its recent history and politics has been influenced by and intertwined with that of the U.S. It shows how despite these odds, the Panamanians have struggled to take charge of their own destiny by developing its own unique culture, system of government and an economy that did not depend solely on the canal.
Outline
Retrospective History of Panama
Contemporary Political History
Economic History
Social History
Conclusion
From the Paper "Panama was "discovered" by the European/ Spanish explorers in the early sixteenth century who made it a part of the Spanish Empire, naming it the South Sea. A large number of the native Panamanian people were either killed by the colonists, died through the spread of foreign diseases against which they had no immunity or fled to remote regions of the country. Panama became an important crossroad and marketplace of the Spanish empire in the Americas. The silver, gold, spices, and other goods looted from various parts of South America were shipped to Panama City (built on the Pacific coast), carried across the strip of land (called the Isthmus) for onward journey on "treasure ships" to Spain. Panama was also an important shipment point in the slave trade from Africa during this period."
Abstract This paper studies the impact of Gamal Abdel Nasser's leadership in Egypt on the country's economic policy. The paper begins with a brief review of Nasser's rise to power in the 1950s. Next, the paper turns to an assessment of Nasser's various economic policies, including land redistribution, construction of the Aswan Dan and nationalization of the Suez Canal. The paper concludes that Nasser was responsible for redesigning the economic policy of a nation that had endured decades of imperialist rule.
Outline
Introduction
Economic Policy
Land Redistribution
Aswan Dam
Suez Canal Economic Conclusions
From the Paper "To understand the impact that Nasser had in the economic arena, it is essential to briefly discuss his past and rise to power. Nasser was born in Banny Mor Asyout, Egypt. He eventually moved to Cairo, as a result of his father's job as Inspector in Minister of Post. In Cairo he eventually earned his high school diploma, during which time he partook in several demonstrations against British occupation of his homeland. In 1937 Nasser joined military school, "he graduated on 1938 to join the third platoon in Asyout where he met Anwar El Sadat, and Zakaria Mohyi El Deen who later joined him in the "Free Officers" organization."
Abstract The paper describes endodontic surgery, or apicoectomy, a procedure that is commonly used after a root canal procedure has failed or in situations where the benefits of undergoing an apicoectomy outweighs a root canal. The paper outlines the criteria involved in the decision to advise a patient to undergo an apicoectomy and relates the factors that are considered before a patient is actually allowed to have an apicoectomy. The paper then explains the prognosis of the procedure that is based on several factors.
From the Paper "It was not so long a distant past that the most common management of a toothache was a tooth extraction. There have been a number of people that have lost vital teeth because it seemed that a tooth extraction was the only way. Some who did not enjoy being given a choice over the fate of their teeth were left to live with dentures for the rest of their lives. These days, the modern advancement in dentistry has allowed people suffering from a simple toothache to maintain their smiles. Endodontics is a branch of dentistry that involves management of diseases of the dental pulp and its supporting structures. These structures include the dental pulp or nerve, enamel, and dentin. These disorders may include cavities caused by tooth decay, pulpitis, periapical abscess, impacted teeth, and malocclusion (Porter, Kaplan, Homeier, and Beers, 2003)."
Abstract A look at the discovery of Panama and the beginnings of Panama City. The paper discusses how the city was strategically placed and how, with the canal, it has developed into an important metropolitan city of South America. History of the city since the 1500's is surveyed. The paper deals with the series of foreign rulers and explorers who controlled the city.
From the Paper "In 1501, Spanish explorer Rodrigo de Bastidas discovered Panama in South America, which soon became a major point of dispersal for Spanish conquest and settlement in the New World (Preston 47). But of much greater value to the colonizers at the time was the City of Panama, then the capital of Castilla del Oro (later renamed into the Isthmus of Panama), and discovered in 1519 by Pedro Arias de Avila. The Isthmus served as a passage of advantage to Spanish ships between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and between continents (Preston 46) in their sea exploration and conquest activities. Panama City's importance derived exclusively from its control of that passage or route (Blouet 726) ? from the City, expeditions set out for the conquest of the Pacific side of Central America up to Nicaragua and that of the entire South American west coast up to Chile (Blouet 729)."
Abstract This paper delves into the reasons why the British Government created the Balfour Declaration. It examines the true motives and despite their wish to help the Jews set up a homeland, they also had their own domestic issues at heart -from the necessity of securing the Suez Canal to the desire to empty their country of the Jewish people to avoid a rise of anti-Semitism.
From the Paper "The Balfour Declaration was declared partly to elicit support from the powerful American Jewry who, in gratitude, might convince the United States to help Great Britain in the allied war effort. The Allies' (Great Britain, France, and Russia) outlook for World War I was bleak at the time: most battles they were fighting or had fought ended in stalemate with no victor. They needed a new ally that would tip the balance in their favor, allowing them to defeat the Central Powers (Germany, Austria, and the Ottoman Empire). In the current stage of the war, the U.S. was apathetic to joining either side, but they had substantial military potential and financial resources. If Britain issued a document that favored a Jewish home in Palestine, they thought that this inducement would be enough to encourage American Jewry to aid Great Britain in the war.1 The British believed the American Jews were extremely wealthy and among U.S. President Wilson's top advisors. Contrary to this notion, there were very few American Jews that were politically powerful, wealthy, or even Zionists that would appreciate this type of document. Britain's ignorance of the status of American Jewry thus played a main factor in the issuance of the Balfour Declaration.2 Here it is apparent that the British claim of Zionist sentiment really had no effect on their decision to issue the Declaration. They acted quickly and complied with British Zionists to design a quid pro quo that said " if the Allies committed themselves to giving facilities for the establishment of a national home for the Jews in Palestine, [the Zionists] would do their best to rally Jewish sentiment and support throughout the world to the Allied cause."3 Hence, the British used the Balfour Declaration merely as a tool to utilize what they thought was powerful Jewish influence in the United States. It is most probable that if the Allies were winning World War I at the time, the Balfour Declaration would not have been issued. There was not a strong Zionist commitment within the British Parliament and the Jews were used only as a part of Great Britain's bigger plan to bring the U.S. on the Allied side.4"
Abstract This paper explains how the Suez crisis of 1956 marked a decisive military defeat, yet it was a great political and economic victory for President Nasser, Egypt, and the entire Arab world. It shows how the nationalization of the canal provided the Arab world with the hero it so badly needed. Nasser provided guidance for his people and also provided an end to the period of Western imperial dominance in Egypt.
From the Paper "With Nasser's nationalization of Suez, the Western powers were furious regarded the nationalization as ?theft.? What came to be known as the Tripartite aggression in the East, the collaboration of Britain, France, and Israel all began to deploy troops for Suez immediately.10 All of the involved nations had their concerns with Nasser's nationalization of the canal, but the four nations most chiefly concerned with the affair were Britain, France, the United States, and Israel.11 The Western powers of Britain, France, and the United States were much more concerned with the economic aspect of its nationalization, rather than the physical usage of it. For the West, Suez represented the quickest, most economical means of shipping to India and the far East. Both Britain and France had major economic interests in the canal12 and British ships represented seventy percent of the canal's daily traffic. As Terrence Robertson put it, the Suez canal was ?the spinal cord of the British Empire.?13 With respect to the United States, the only reason that they did not take immediate military action is that of the ramifications it would have had on the Cold War and their already tense relationship with the Soviet Union.14 Other reasons for hostility among the Westerners include the fact that Nasser had been aiding the Algerians in their movement against the French, Israel was angry about their banishment from the gulf of Aqueba and perhaps from Suez altogether upon total Egyptian control."
Tags: arab, aswan, britain, dam, egypt, league, nasser, oppression
