Abstract This paper deals with the subject of elderly abuse and attempts to make the connection between elder abuse and family violence. The author explains that elder abuse is becoming more and more recognized as a form of family violence, and describes the different types of abuse, analyzing the connection between elder abuse and family violence. The author also uses the Ageism concept to explain elder abuse in broad context, to explain how society's distorted view on the elderly affect care-givers likeliness to abuse their elderly family members.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose
Rationale
Key Concepts Related to Elder Abuse
What is Elderly Abuse?
Elder Abuse as a Form of Family Violence
Analysis:
The Situation Model
Social Exchange Theory
Ageism
Practice Interventions
Conclusion
From the Paper "Elder abuse is a growing social concern in Western society, but it is not a new phenomenon. Mistreatment of older people both in the community and within institutions has been an enduring feature of our social history. Many older Canadians have suffered abuse and neglect at the hands of family members and caregivers for many years, without the support and resources they needed to leave their abusive situations. Recently, practitioners have been displaying a growing awareness and concern about elder abuse, putting a new perspective to this type of family violence (Pillemer & Wolf, 1986: 169). Like other types of domestic violence, elder abuse is extremely complex. It is a combination of many factors, from psychological to economic as well as the mental and physical conditions of the victim and the abuser. These factors do not usually operate in isolation. Instead, they tend to function as complex dimensions, interacting in ways uniquely dependent on the victim, perpetrator and the situation (Steinmetz, 1988: 23)
Moreover, research shows that estimates of abuse are difficult to make, although in Canada it is often said to affect at least four percent of seniors (Kinnon, 2001: 6).
"In addition, explanations about why abuse occurs under different theoretical frameworks make it difficult to pin-point the direct connection between the dynamics of elder abuse and family violence. Many elder abuse cases fit the paradigm of family violence; that is, acts of abuse or misuse of power that may result in harm to a family member (Pillemer & Suitor, 1992: 170). However, not all cases involve spouses or family members. Practitioners stress the need to understand the entire range of elder abuse and the underlying causes- including self-neglect, abuse and neglect within the family, and abuse that occurs in institutional settings (Prevention Pathways, 2004: 12)."
Abstract This paper examines how the organization of the Liberal Party could be considered central to the Canadian political spectrum, with an amalgamation of liberal social policy and corresponding modern economic policies. It examines how, back in the formative years of the liberal party of Canada, the political parties during those times were largely scattered and unstable, as compared to the modern political parties of today's times, and coalesced into a cohesive organization only as late as the 1880s. The paper also looks at how the governing coalition of liberal - conservatives under the leadership of Sir John A. McDonald in Canada West and his French - Canadian counterpart, George - Etienne Cartier in Canada East, encompassed a number of distinct groups, many of which had potentially conflicting interests - Catholic and Protestants, English and French, urban and rural. The paper concludes with a look at the reasons for the success of this party.
Outline:
Organization
Base of Support
Political Ideology
Changes in the Party's Political Ideology Over a Period of Time - History
Reasons for its Success in the Federal Elections
From the Paper "Right and left are shorthand labels for conflicting belief systems. These beliefs include basic notions about how society, the economy, and politics operate, as well as ideas about how these matters should be arranged. Generally speaking to be on the right in Anglo - American societies mean that one subscribes to an individualistic belief system. Such a person is likely to believe that what one achieves in life is due principally to his or her own efforts - that the welfare of the society is best promoted by allowing individuals to pursue their own interests and that modern government is too expensive and too intrusive. To be on the left, however, is to prefer a set of beliefs that may be described as collectivist. A leftist is likely to attribute greater weight to social and economic circumstances as determinants of ones opportunities and achievements than does someone on the right. "
Abstract This essay was written as a rebuttal to the growing controversy over Canada's parole system, and parole laws. The essay strongly advocates upholding the system, and highlights some of its strengths; it remains relevant today. The essay focuses on crime statistics, and how they may be skewered by media coverage, misconceptions and facts about parole and obtaining parole, victim's rights re: victim impact statements, parole violation: statistics and misconceptions, statutory requirements re: parole, and costs of parole.
Abstract This paper discusses the power struggle that ensued between native tribes and European settlers during the late 19th century. The author discusses the underlying causes that drove both the Cree and the government of Canada to seek peaceful alliance, the great differences in culture and consciousness between the natives and the European descendents and the discrepancies between the promises made by the Commissioners of Treaty Six and the realities experienced by the Cree.
From the Paper "In September of 1870 the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) transferred the empire of Rupert's Land and the North West Territories to the Government of Canada. The government sought to enlarge the Dominion of Canada and encourage settlement to the west, though before this was possible a new alliance had to be formed with the Cree Nation, the Plains Crees, and the Wood Crees. Treaty Six was negotiated in 1876 and involved the title to 121,000 square miles of Saskatchewan and the welfare of 7000 Indians and 2000 half-breeds."
Abstract This essay analyzes the social and cultural differences between Americans and Canadians. The author explains the reasons for the widespread assumption that Canadians and Americans are the same, the historical causes for these cultural differences and what these differences bring to Canadian society.
From the Paper "There have been many debates, books, and media articles over the vast differences between Canadians and Americans. Surprisingly, this topic has never lost its popularity, and still continues to be current among the sociologists, anthropologists and the statisticians particularly in Canada. The 49th Parallel divides the North American continent, Canada in the north and the United States in the south. These two countries of the New World share the world's longest undefended border, which ranges 6379 kilometers long."
Tags: americans, canada, melting, pluralistic, pot, society, acculturation, soxiety, social
This is a research proposal that was done to look at the effects of poverty on immigration in Canada. The proposal attempts to answer the question: Why are Canada’s immigrants more likely to end up in poverty than native-born Canadians.
3,660 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 6 sources, 2001, $ 101.95
Abstract This is a research proposal that was done to look at the effects of poverty on immigration in Canada. In Canada, immigrants are more likely to live under the poverty line than native Canadian-born citizens. The proposal attempts to answer the question: Why are Canada's immigrants more likely to end up in poverty than native-born Canadians. It is a qualitative proposal, which includes a literature review. The author discusses census data and utilizes interview questions and answers. The proposal was written in first person narrative, and is 13 pages long, including bibliography as well as a potential newspaper ad for gathering applicants to the study.
From the Paper "This study will hopefully show why it is that immigrants to Canada , at least those who arrived since 1981, are more likely to live in poverty than native-born Canadians. It will attempt to find possible solutions to prevent this from happening to future immigrant populations, whether the problem lies in the hands of the immigration system, or if it has to do with something else. Optimistically, my study will also serve to educate the public and policy makers to adopt different views on immigration and immigrants than the ones currently harbored by many. In my opinion, education of the public and lawmakers will prove crucial after the findings to start finding ways to make some changes to get these people out of poverty, which would benefit everyone."
Abstract Using Ben Carniol's "Case Critical: Challenging Social Services in Canada", as well as Larry Jonston's "Politics: An Introduction to the Modern Democratic State," this paper discusses the welfare state in Canada, the development of it and its shrinkage within the past one hundred year. The author shows evidence that the modern welfare state is shrinking in today's society because of the advancement of right wing politics and the decline of Keynesianism as a solution to the problems of the people of Canada.
From the Paper "It is important to remember that Canada did not invent the welfare state, it was merely adopted during the development of the country. It was the adoption of these welfare state ideals, that has lead Canada to develop things such as free public Health Care, Employment Insurance, public education and welfare itself. Ben Carniol (2000) explains the welfare states creation in the terms of industrial England where it first surfaced in the modern form. The creation of a welfare state began when the capitalistic owners of large factories in England were beginning to become disgruntled by the constant visitation of representatives from the numerous charitable organizations that had formed in the country to help the poor and underprivileged survive in the new society that saw the factory owners compete for profits at the expense of the men who worked for them under sometimes extremely harsh conditions. It was agreed upon that some sort of central organization for the collection of charity from the owners would be necessary to ensure that the money was going to charity and not people who had begun cheating the system in order to make money for themselves."
Abstract This paper refers to concepts of proportional representation, regional representation and asymmetrical federalism in reference to the status of Quebec in Canada. It calls for a reformed and strengthened Canadian Senate to promote provincial interests within the federal system.
From the Paper "Still, in the current Canadian political context, the Senate does serve some functions. However, the potential exists to expand its role and structure to serve a more active role in the Canadian political system. Specifically, the Senate ought to be reformed and strengthened to promote provincial interests within the federal system. Existing models and concepts of Senate reform will be critically evaluated before a model is presented which will attempt to rectify existing problems, as well as to avoid potential failings which critics of Senate reform often predict."
Abstract This paper discusses the different institutions of Canada's Westminster Model of Government and how these institutions interact. The strengths and weaknesses of each institution, and the Westminster model as a whole, are discussed. The author also compares the Westminster model as it is used in the UK, to the model that has been adopted in Canada.
There is a bibliography, but no footnotes, or endnotes.
From the Paper "The institutions of Canada's Westminster include a dual executive, consisting of the Prime Minister and his/her Cabinet. The legislature is comprised of two houses, the upper house being the appointed senate, and the lower house being the elected House of Commons. Canada's Westminster uses a Single Member Plurality electoral system, in which each constituency receives one seat in the House of Commons, and victory is achieved by a one vote lead. Canada's Judiciary is made up of a series of courts, with the Supreme Court reigning as the highest in the land."
Abstract The paper gives a brief history of the many great sporting moments that all Canadians will remember, while showing some of the blunders which have given hockey and Canadians a black eye.
From the Paper "Throughout Canada's history, there have been numerous great and not so great hockey moments. Canada's domination in this sport is something that many, if not all, Canadian's take great pride and joy in. For the past century or so, Canadian families would gather together by their radio or television and watch or listen to their homegrown hockey stars take to the ice. Unfortunately there are also some blemishes on Canada's hockey history. There have been many moments in which some were disgraced to be known as a Canadian hockey fan. Nevertheless, Canada has always been, and always will be a large piece of Canadian culture."
Abstract This paper begins with an exploration of the various causes of WWII, focusing on the rapid increase in the strength and might of fascist leaders and on economic depression. The paper then turns to the participation of Canada in the war. It looks at Canada's motivation to participate, at Prime Minister King's policies and at specific battles in which Canadians were involved. The paper concludes with evaluations of the consequences of participation in the war for Canada.
From the Paper "Second World War was a horrible event, which destroyed an entire generation and robbed millions of their dreams and hopes. This primary cause of this war was the rapid rise in the power and might of fascist regimes in Italy, Russia and Germany. Along with fascist power, it was the economic conditions of various European nations that gave the likes of Hitler a chance to turn their dream of world domination into a reality. This paper studies various causes of the Second World War and shed lights on Canada's participation in this war."
Abstract The paper examines the war that raged in North America through the late 1750's and early 1760's and shows that it was a piece of a large struggle between England and France for dominance in world trade and naval power. The paper discusses the British victory in that struggle, known in Europe as the Seven Years' War , and how it ended the long struggle among the three powers in northeastern North America: The English, the French, and the Iroquois Confederacy. It also shows how it confirmed England's commercial supremacy and its control of the settled regions of North America and helped to establish the development of the frontier and the ever moving progress that was about to begin in America.
From the Paper "After the dust settled, England realized they had encountered a huge debt from the war and did not have a way to pay for it. Many government officials from England were already angry because of the lack of money given to them by America in order to help pay for the war. They also failed to provide large numbers of soldiers for battle. After great discussion, the Parliament decided that American colonists should be taxed in order to exercise their part in helping to cover the huge debt England had incurred. Therefore many new taxes were introduced. These taxes included the Stamp Act, the Sugar Act, the Townshend act and many others."
Abstract The paper examines the novel, "Halfbreed" by Maria Campbell, an autobiography where Campbell describes the struggles of her life centered around her being a halfbreed, a half-Indian and half-white person, rejected by both the Indian and the white people. The paper shows that cruelty and kindness are important themes of Campbell's story. Firstly, there is the human cruelty of discrimination, represented by the acts of the people. Secondly, it describes the cruelty of society, where society oppresses people. Finally, the paper discusses a belief in human kindness that allows Campbell to overcome the struggles, with the writing of the autobiography an act of reaching out to the people who have discriminated against her and offering them the opportunity to understand the cruelty of their ways and choose to change these ways.
From the Paper "Campbell shows that it is the basis of society that is responsible for the treatment of the halfbreeds. The halfbreeds are homeless because the government took their land from them, forcing them to live in poverty. Their culture was never accepted, instead they were expected to fit into the Canadian culture. This separated the halfbreeds from the rest of society, forcing them to be seen as outcasts. Campbell expresses this process when she says recalls her grandmother's words, ?My Cheechum used to tell me that when the government gives you something, they take all that you have in return - your pride, your dignity, all the things that make you a living soul.?"
Tags: poverty, social, outcast, prostitution, Canadian
From the Paper "According to Canadian Arabophile Baha Abu Laban, the wave of Arab immigration to Canada can be traced to 1882, when Syrian-Lebanese immigrants began to arrive in Montreal. This immigration was marginal until 1945, when it began increasing on an annual basis (Abu Laban, 1991). The Canadian Encyclopedia (1998) points out that by 1991, 151,125 Canadians claimed Arab single origin and a further 52,820 claimed Arab multiple origins (i.e., Arab plus one or 2 other ethnic classifications), for a total of 203,945 Arab-origin Canadians.
That figure was, in 1998, estimated to be some 300,000 citizens. The Encyclopedia also points out the major distinction that ?"Arab Canadian" does not refer to one religious affiliation, country of origin or distance from the immigration generation but to the mixture of ..."
Abstract This paper analyzes the William Robinson murder case, and argues that Tom, the Indian convicted of murdering William Robinson, was innocent and that Griffiths, a local white settler was responsible for all three African-Canadian murders on the island. All the factual information from the trial is tied together with the idea that Salt Spring Island was a racist community, that encouraged only white prosperity and settlement.
From the Paper "For the settlers of nineteenth century Canada, discrimination and racial conflict played a large role in the judicial system. In a case on Salt Spring Island, off the coast of British Columbia, a black man, William Robinson, was murdered and an Indian man, Tom, was convicted with very little supporting evidence. The racial politics of the era caused the settlers to form opinions that were not supported with facts, but that would enhance their lives on the settlement. Convicting a prominent white settler of the murders he committed, that happened to benefit the entire community, was not a high priority for the settlers. They viewed the Natives as a threat to the stability of their colony, and convicting them of crimes was far easier than petitioning for their removal (which they had attempted with no success). By convicting an Indian they sent a strong message to the Native communities surrounding them, and rid themselves of what was commonly viewed as a parasite of society. At that time many Indians were executed for crimes against the settlers, and later some were found to be innocent of the crimes they were charged with . The number of Natives convicted of crimes led the settlers to assume William Robinson's murderer was Indian."
