Abstract The debate in Canada over free trade with the United States has always been heated. Both sides have consistently pointed to evidences that appear to support their own argument. There has, for instance, been reason to believe that free trade has had a beneficial impact on Canada. But this story is somewhat more complicated since the overall impact of free trade on Canada appears to remain negative. Because the American and Canadian relationship is uneven to begin with, it has been no surprise that the United States has benefited disproportionately to the agreement.
Abstract The face of labor in Canada is quickly changing. The number of blue-collar jobs has been declining for years in such areas as resource industry, construction, manufacturing, and so on, where unionization has traditionally been the most common. Present and future jobs in the so-called post-industrial society are to be found in sales and services, especially in the private sector. These jobs are typically diverse, part time, poorly paid, and thus difficult, if not impossible, to organize. This paper will look at the effects of the present and emerging economy on organized labour in Canada.
Abstract The fact that so many of these artists were of a military background begs the question: Are the themes and styles of English Canadian art during the decades immediately after 1759 influenced by these artist's military backgrounds? To answer this question, this paper will first discuss British artists in Canada during this time, and their backgrounds, and then proceed to an examination of two particular artists and their works.
Abstract Tthe cultures of organizations are perhaps more important than the logical order and the functions that are expected. In this paper, the challenges of organizational cultures within policing and education are compared in order to illustrate several points produced in course materials and theoretical studies. The examination of organizational cultures is helpful towards understanding bureaucratic organizations that work in ways less expected and sometimes not intended.
Abstract The focus of this paper will be not upon the issue of abortion rights so much as upon the social dynamics of the pro-choice/pro-life movements which have been in conflict over abortion.
Abstract The following discussion proposes to focus on the demise of the Atlantic cod (gadus morhua). Specifically, and at the urging of the DFO, the discussion will be framed in the context of sustainability. Consequently, initially the concept of sustainable development will be explored. Subsequently, a brief history of the fishery will be presented. This discussion will focus on the last two decades, specifically the crisis that arose in the 1980s and led to the closure of the fishery in 1992 by John Crosbie, the federal Minister responsible, and a Newfoundlander. A concluding section will consider the current fishery (30,000 tonnes in 1998) and its future prospects.
Abstract The following discussion will focus on city hall design in the last half of the twentieth century. The focus will be on the city halls of Kitchener, Mississauga, Ottawa and Toronto. Initially, a brief history of Canadian city hall architecture and an outline of the International style will be presented. Subsequently, the four projects will be briefly described and analyzed. A concluding section will offer some qualitative comments and assess the broader meaning of these projects.
Abstract The following paper analyzes the topic of 'International' trade unionism, and the respective impact this has on Canadian Industrial Relations. It argues that the broader notion of 'international' in a Canadian context, has more implications when seen in terms of industry and in turn, labor within the U.S. economy. The thesis of this paper, argues that as North American industries expand their 'branch plant' economies into the underdeveloped nations, the bargaining strength and position of the unions in Canada become weakened.
Abstract The HIV epidemic in Canada and elsewhere associates HIV infection with poverty and social marginalization. The pattern is explained in terms of social and economic conditions that affect the spread and geography of the virus.
Abstract The October 18th roundtable on TVO, broadcast from the Munk Centre for International Studies, presented a discussion of "globalization" that was at times both illuminating and confusing. Given the wide-ranging nature of the debate, and the interconnectedness of almost every element under discussion, it is difficult to narrow the debate down into three main arguments. However, perhaps the three most striking arguments were: 1) What is globalization? 2) Self-determination; and 3) Social Justice. This essay will examine each of these arguments in turn, moving back and forth between the comments of the participants in the discussion and analyses in the scholarly literature on the subject. These comments and scholarly references will themselves be subjected to analysis in order to construct an argument as to which of the points-of-view on the topics under debate is most plausible.
Abstract The pre-1850 economic history of the Atlantic Provinces of Canada is discussed with ample reference to Staple theory. It is argued that the early experience of Atlantic Canada contrasted markedly with more often analyzed realities in central and Western Canada. Regular mention is made of how the differing early development of the Atlantic Provinces can be seen as extending into patterns of the present.
Abstract The problem for immigrants to Canada is cultural confusion. Immigrants do not know to which culture, that of their original country or that of Canada, they belong. This is the problem discussed by Bannerji in her essays on cultural conflicts for Canadian immigrants. In this paper I argue that Bannerji does not support the Canadian government's policy of "multiculturalism" towards the cultures of immigrants. Yet, while she retains an interest in her original country of India, Bannerji does not seem to have many cultural traditions of her home country. This is, I think, a sign of the cultural confusion that she says immigrants have.
Abstract This paper will briefly investigate the Canadian immigration process from the journeys of the earliest settlers to the time of Confederation. Noteworthy happenings in the national and international arena that affected the flow of immigrants will also be highlighted.
