Abstract Examines the role of human rights in Canadian foreign policy. Disagreement regarding Canada's accomodation of human rights objectives in its foreign policy. Contends that Canada can improve the effectiveness of its accommodation of human rights without expanding its scope. Assesses Canada's concern for international human rights. Government policies. Recommends policy changes.
From the Paper "HUMAN RIGHTS IN CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY: AN ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT WITH RECOMMENDED POLICY CHANGES
Introduction
Canada enjoys a positive international reputation in relation to human rights. The world generally perceives Canada as a country with a human face that protects the human rights of its own citizens while pursuing international relations through policies designed to promote human rights in all countries. Within Canada, however, political and social factions disagree with respect to both the comprehensiveness and the effectiveness of Canada's accommodation of human rights objectives in its foreign policy (Black, 2001).
This paper examines the issue of the comprehensiveness and the effectiveness of Canada's accommodation of human rights ..."
Examining Susanna Moodie's autobiography "Roughing it in the Bush", about living in Canada in the early 19th century. The paper focuses on the one chapter that she dedicates to the special character of Brian, a hunter.
2,810 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 0 sources, 2002, $ 83.95
Abstract This paper discusses how in "Roughing it in the Bush" Moodie has not only documented a life story, but has done so in an entertaining manner. Her story reads like a novel; interesting characters and captivating events make up the majority of her life. The paper explores the character of Brian, the still-hunter, to which Moodie devotes an entire chapter. The writer writers of a man who is kind to her family and whom she befriends, who helps her as she struggles with life in the bush. He makes for an interesting character, especially when one takes into account that he is completely fictitious and, in fact, dead.
From the Paper "Moodie first prepares us for the idea of a dead character by the poem that opens the chapter. Recognizing that the poem is open to interpretation, is it not possible that she is referring to a living dead man? She speaks of a "shadow... gathered to the silent dust long years ago" , happy in a land without social life or companionship. A spirit doomed to haunt the earth would fit this category, and the connotative words of "gleamy" and "gloomy" give the poem an eerie quality that might set a reader's mind along the road of the supernatural. Obviously there is more than one possible interpretation, as the poem could literally be the memory of a man who lived his life outside of the social sphere. One thing is for certain, however; no matter how the poem is read, it is in reference to the character of Brian. The mentioning of a strange man and his dog and gun, as well as being placed directly underneath the title "Brian the Still-Hunter" is enough evidence of this. If one chooses to read this poem as being about a dead man, the connection between the dead and Brian will be initiated, and that connection would certainly coincide with the evidence that follows."
An in-depth and through study of three groups of Quebec women and how they managed over the years to enter the male-controlled spheres in their particular societies.
Abstract This paper examines whether there has there been progress for women in the history of Quebec. Historical studies now reveal the natures and histories behind many groups of women; three of them are discussed in the historiographical portion of this essay. Firstly the writer contextualizes and examines the female sphere as it has existed in Quebec since the 1920"s. Where did women stand in the eyes of the law" What rights did women possess and how did they view their positions? What role did women play in the Quiet revolution and the transformation of Quebec from a mostly rural society to a largely urban one? From this point, the writer then studies the smaller groups within the larger framework, so as to get a more detailed look into history, and chooses three specific groups: the rural women on the farms; the Algonquin women in Quebec; and a religious group situated in the poorest section of Montreal. This breakdown should give us a fair diversity, in region, in background, and in ideology. It looks how each group made progress in terms of breaking into the male sphere of the political arena and tearing free from the traditions of the Quebecois mothers in search of bettering society, themselves, and the attitude of women everywhere.
From the Paper "To begin, the purpose of studying the selected groups of women is twofold: it is not the intent to study solely the roles of these women but to also look at the manner in which they are written about, with a difference between each in this area as well. Is the oral history transcribed by the Algonquin women a better history than the tables, surveys and data of the rural farm women? How seriously should writing with religious overtones be taken as history? Certain methods work better with certain groups of women, and in the cases so far presented there is one method that stands above the rest. Not only are the methods used by the group at Point St. Charles in Montreal the best for a historical analysis, they also provide the best example of the progress of women in Quebec. In narrowing down the broad notion that women have progressed in Quebec society these examples will show how Quebecois women have become more politically involved and more politicized in their mindset over the last eighty years. The progress of Quebec women is evident in the move from the traditional family to the forefront of the political arena: these different histories will show that."
Abstract This paper addresses the controversial issue of culture in Canada. The paper shows how some say Canada has no culture and that it is too concerned with other cultures to bother with one national identity. Others say that the mix of different ethnicity is Canadian culture, that the nation is the sum of its parts. There is as much debate over multicultural policies, and the paper breaks these down into three areas: There are those who say policies don?t do enough to include minorities, who believe they are working fine, and those who think they do far too much.
From the Paper "The article gives a brief history of Canada's multicultural laws and how they came into existence. The most recent amendment to these laws came under Brian Mulroney and his Canadian Multiculturalism Act of 1988. The Act obligated "all federal departments and agencies to implement multiculturalism as it applies to their mandates" . This was a big step in recognizing the pluralistic society that is Canada. The author of the article, Andrew Cardozo, then begins to investigate the reactions of people to these laws. He writes of those who think Canada does not do enough to incorporate different cultures into the predominantly English society. Of these people, Cardozo seems to have a negative opinion. A self-proclaimed advocate of the multiculturalism laws, he writes about minority activists who constantly dwell on the negative instead of recognizing the achievements in the area. Cardozo belongs to what he would call the middle group, those who believe the laws to be working fine as they are. His article goes so far as to outline the number of advances made in the field of multiculturalism. These include a fairer portrayal of minorities in the media, better inclusion of minorities in advertising, and more involvement of minorities in politics. These may be points for Cardozo's argument, but they are also facts that support the belief of the third group. The third grouping of people one can study are those who believe multiculturalism has gone too far and that we have ?lost the meaning of being "Canadian"?. So much talk about the subject has created a social backlash, and to many talking about multiculturalism is now perceived as the "politically correct" thing to do. This is, of course, now a derogatory term."
This paper argues that Canada must reform its immigration laws. The writer focuses on the topic of migrants and the necessity of Canada to keep the border open.
Abstract This paper develops the argument that Canada's current immigration laws do not work and closing its borders to migrants would not evoke a positive response for the national interest of Canada. The writer argues that the international image of Canada in the global village of civilized and humanitarian nations depends upon its accessibility to foreigners.
From the Paper "Does it follow then that Canada must admit anyone or everyone who calls at our doorsteps for entrance irrespective of our own national interest priorities. Again, the enlightened approach to the issue would be to admit those that are deemed to be able to serve our national interest, as the current Canadian federal immigration regulation would have implied. Or to grant entrance to victims of political oppression in their homeland by brutal authoritarian regimes or permit foreign migrants to stay here on human rights and compassionate grounds, such is the strategic orientation of our federal refugee programme."
Abstract Examines poverty in Canada and whether or not the problem is as large as made out to be. The writer compares absolute and relative poverty measures and what these statistics mean. It begins by providing a basic definition of poverty and how this relates to the situation in Canada. It then takes a look at the poverty stats in Canada and how these are played out on a day-to-day basis.
From the Paper "Poverty is an enduring social issue. Poverty is as much of a problem today as it has been since the birth of capitalism; although capitalism is not the sole cause of poverty. Poverty is a contentious issue for numerous reasons. First off, there is not a unilaterally accepted definition of poverty. Both relative and absolute measures of poverty are undertaken, with each producing different sets of data and implications. The causes of poverty are varied and are mainly a by-product of the nature of the Canadian economy. Capitalism itself is less of a cause as is the discrimination within the job market that capitalism permits. When these factors are fully taken into account and fully understood, only then will the poverty issue be an issue of the past."
Abstract This paper outlines the historical development of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) and its present day organization and functioning. It discusses how the monitoring of security and intelligence issues within Canada has slowly evolved since the late 1800s before and after Confederation up until the current service which was formed in 1984. It examines how over the years the service has been riddled with controversy and difficulties in finding the very sensitive balance between the security of the nation and the highly valued civil liberties of Canadian citizens. It reviews the current mandate with the responsibility of reporting on any and all threats to the security of Canada and its accountability.
From the Paper "In 1970, the RCMP Security Service Officers essentially had the "best" of both worlds for anyone wanting to act powerfully yet not be held accountable (Cleroux, 1990). While they retained all the legal abilities of an officer of the law, they were detached from the structure and policy of the RCMP force. Lacking any form of mandate to guide their security and intelligence responsibilities, policy decisions were left predominantly to be made by the high ranking RCMP officers who headed the Security Service (Cleroux, 1990). During the October Crisis of 1970 in Quebec, the Federal Government found itself without adequate information about the Separatist Movement within Quebec and directed the RCMP Security Service to take "pro-active" measures in order to determine the exact status, power and plans of the Quebec Nationalists (Rosen, 2000)."
Abstract Discussion of the history of CSIS in three sections, examining unique influencing forces in each era that led to changes and that have created the current organizational structure and operation of CSIS. Discussion of the creation of CSIS, a middle era and CSIS since the events of September 11.
From the Paper "Any country in today's world that wishes to protect its interests and national security is essentially forced to develop some form of security and intelligence agency. For some countries with a history of dictatorship and autocratic traditions, such an agency comes easily, has free reign, and does not find itself tangled in a web of ethical considerations and balances between national security and individual rights and freedoms. For Western Democracies, which value individual rights, freedoms and civil liberties, the development and operation of security and intelligence agencies presents a much more complicated and delicate challenge. The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) was created in 1984 after the RCMP Security Service failed to find a balance between civil liberties and national security (Rosen, 2000). The brief history of CSIS can be divided in many different ways to reflect changes in organization, leadership, mandate, power, and other influencing factors. For the purposes of this paper, CSIS will be examined in three major time periods. The transition from the RCMP Security Service to the establishment of CSIS (1979-1987), a middle period in which CSIS settled in and became more established as a government agency (1988-2001), and time since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Within these time frames, different aspects of change to the organization will be examined as well as the precipitating causal factors. Such an analysis will clearly show that CSIS is an organization, which is influenced heavily by environmental, political and global factors that change over time."
Abstract Since the Canadian government allowed deregulation of the airline industry in 1988, both Air Canada and Canadian Airlines have reported losses of more than $2 billion dollars annually. This paper investigates the planned merger and subsequent downsizing of the two companies by Onex corporation and examines the benefits of this business move for both companies and Canada's economy as a whole.
Table of Contents:
Canada's Passenger Airline Industry
Current Situations of Major Carriers
Why Canada Needs Change - Current Problems and Inefficiencies Solution: Merger
Who's Operating The Airlines
The Restructuring and Integration Process
Satisfying the Unions
Regulatory Controls
The Future for Shareholders, Employees and the Traveling Public
Table: Top Six Unions in the Canadian Airline Industry
From the Paper "Canada's airline industry has expanded and grown to serve domestic and international routes for more than sixty-two years. Air Canada (AC) and Canadian Airlines International (CAI), both national airlines of Canada, vie for the largest segment of the public air travel market. Domestically, these two airlines currently serve eighty percent (80%) of the market. Several regional airlines (feeder airlines) provide access to the lesser traveled parts of the nation and typically serve smaller niche markets. The largest regional operator is Westjet, serving twelve destinations from Thunder Bay, Ontario west to Victoria, B.C.. Other regional operators include Air BC, Air Ontario, Air Nova, Air Alliance, and Canadian Regional Airlines."
Tags: Air, Transport, Board, Konrad, von, Finckenstein, CAI
Abstract Canada was the first parliamentary government in the world to require the registration of lobbyists, resulting from a reaction to the perceived inappropriate level of the power of lobbyists in connection with the 1984 elections. This paper looks at the implications of this policy on further elections.
From the Paper "Contract lobbying is frequently done by legal firms employing former government officials and attorneys familiar with the structure of the bureaucracy. The Financial Times wrote in 1981 that lobbyists were "the best informed, least understood and perhaps most influential private citizens in the country" due to their experience within the political system, their knowledge of its issues and terminology, and their network of personal contacts within it."
Abstract This paper discusses the softwood lumber dispute between the U.S. and Canada which strained already hostile relations between the two neighbors. It examines the justification for the U.S. "protective" tariffs for guarding their own lumber industry, while there are several hundred thousand Canadian forestry workers unemployed. It looks at the negotiations between the two countries with U.S. officials unwilling to compromise and evaluates whether the Canadian lumber industry survive under these restrictions imposed by its number one importer.
From the Paper "The duties imposed adversely affect many while benefiting few. The seven million US workers employed by the housing and forest industries are virtually unaffected by the tariffs and the consumer price will only rise due to the tariffs. While the rise of housing costs in the US may be excused as a boom in the housing market, the real reason lies within its framing of more-expensive domestic lumber. Some Canadian mills have shifted from processing softwood lumber to processing specialized products, such as pallets, posts, and rails. The lower price at which the Canadian mills can supply, in comparison to US mills, has attracted the attention of the US consumer, therefore crippling a small part of the industry the duties were designed to protect."
Abstract The theater business in Windsor, Canada is in the midst of significant changes. With the increased competition in the city, theaters have to do much more than assume what customers want, they must thoroughly investigate the exact desires of customers. The paper shows that by using this research effectively, the theaters can better position themselves for a leap into the new millennium. The research problem identified in this study is to determine respondents? attitudes toward the competing movie theaters in Windsor. The responses are categorized for evaluation by gender, age, marital status, income, education and occupation. This breakdown is crucial to analysis, as it allows results to infer characteristics of different market characteristics.
From the Paper "The comfort level of seating at the Parkway theatre revealed a significant difference among income groups. The lowest value was calculated for those earning less than $20, 000 per year. 10.3% of those respondents' would likely find the seating at the Parkway uncomfortable. Significantly higher are the respondents' earning over $20, 000 per year. Of those earning from $20, 000 to $49, 999, 40.9% would likely find the seating uncomfortable and 41.7% of those earning $50, 000 and over would likely agree that the seating at the Parkway is uncomfortable. Results of this analysis are found in Appendix 16.
In assessing the length of ticket lines by annual income, the significant difference exists respective to Silver City. 20.8% of those earning over $50, 000 annually find the ticket lines long at the Silver City theatre. 24% of those earning under $20, 000 find the ticket lines long at Silver City. Significantly greater were those in the $20, 000 - $49, 999 category, with 45.5% of respondents finding the ticket lines long. The reliable results of this analysis are found in Appendix 16."
Tags: Silver, City, Sound, System, Famous, Players
Abstract This paper talks about how it would be beneficial for the Canadian government, as well as the Canadian citizens, if marijuana is legalized or decriminalized. The paper covers issues such as the government's biased opinion towards marijuana, how the amount of people in jail for marijuana use are tying up the legal system as well as legal system funds and how legalization would reduce the amount of drug rings in Canada. The paper also discusses the Marijuana Party of Canada and many of their major points (platforms).
From the Paper "Weed, pot, trees, grass, ganja, Mary Jane, reefer, chronic, and bud are all slang terms. Slang terms for a drug commonly called marijuana, scientifically referred to as cannabis. This drug has been gaining prominence in the media lately and with good reason simply because it is such a controversial topic with many differing viewpoints. A number of politicians began to question Canada's marijuana laws after Canadian athlete, Ross Rebagliati, temporarily lost his gold medal in Olympic snowboarding when tests revealed the presence of a small amount of marijuana in his body. Indeed, many Canadian citizens were outraged when the International Olympic Committee stripped Rebagliati of his medal simply because he tested positive for the drug (Gage, 2001). After all, some argued, marijuana is not a performance-enhancing drug, so his use of it could not have led to his winning the gold."
Abstract In the late 1950s and early 1960s auteurism came to dominate film criticism. This theory can be defined as, ?a critical approach to film that emphasizes the essential role of the director as the author of the work,? with every aesthetic choice reflecting his or her personality. Many different approaches to more closely defining how to study, classify, and measure the value of auteurs were created. One of the most influential of these articles was Andrew Sarris? ?Notes On Auteur Theory in 1962?, which defined directors in terms of their ability to create films with technical competence, a style that reflected his or her distinct personality, and interior meaning. This study focuses on Bruce McDonald, a Canadian director. An analysis of his films in this paper shows his validity as an auteur according to Sarris? theory and at the same time shows the problems of studying directors as individual artists working within the constraints of cinema.
From the Paper "After ?Notes On Auteur Theory in 1962? was published several arguments against Sarris? theory arose, and these can be applied to Bruce McDonald's auteurism as well. Beginning in the late 1940s Hollywood journalists debated the importance of diverse collaborators on a filmmaking team. According to some critics auteurism underestimated the importance of the collaborative nature of filmmaking. Sarris? theory certainly finds that the director is the centre of film production, and as such is the auteur, but this does not take into consideration the role of other important "auteurs". These could include the screenwriter, cinematographer, and editor. In McDonald's case his career is founded upon some key collaborations. On four of his seven feature films, the script was written at least in part by Don McKellar, another prominent Canadian actor, director, and writer."
Abstract Joy Kogawa's "Obason" tells a story that is both familiar to people living in the Western United States and yet subtly different, for hers is the story not of the displacement and internment of Japanese-Americans ? a story that is by now relatively well known ? but of Canadians of Japanese ancestry. The paper analyzes Kogawa's book, focusing on the protagonist, Naomi and her life as a Japanese living in World War Two Canada. The paper shows how "Obasan" uses a combination of personal narrative, lyrical outpourings, official letters and dreams to protest the treatment of Japanese-Canadians during World War II.
From the Paper "Throughout this novel ? as is also true of much of the literature written by Japanese-Americans about the internment of themselves and their families during the war ? runs the question of why they should be singled out for such treatment. This question is at the same time both valid and yet also troublingly naive. While it is certainly true that the Japanese-Americans and Japanese-Canadians who were interned were loyal citizens of their New World countries, they were also recent immigrants of a country that had attacked the United States. Japanese-Canadians were not the only ones to bear prejudice during World War II, for Germans and Italians often faced racist actions against themselves as well ? and neither Germany nor Italy had attacked the United States."
