Abstract Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control of health problems. Certain populations in Canada and around the globe are at high risk for tuberculosis (TB) including aboriginal peoples, foreign born residents from countries with a high prevalence of TB, disadvantaged inner city populations and those with HIV infection. This paper focuses on these groups, and in particular the aboriginal peoples and HIV positive people, and the problem of TB amongst these populations.
A look at Canadian residential schools and how these schools were part of a government policy aimed at destroying the culture of the aboriginal peoples.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, 2006, $ 35.95
Abstract This paper presents a narrative about compensation for survivors of Canadian residential school. The paper argues that the Canadian government is guilty of attempted cultural genocide. For this reason the government should provide a great deal of compensation to aboriginal people.
From the Paper "The Canadian government is guilty of attempted genocide. Although the Canadian government has not attempted to physically wipe out a group of people, they have tried to destroy the culture of aboriginal people. This has been done through an aggressive assimilation program that was based on destroying the cultures of aboriginal people in Canada so that they would have to become a part of mainstream Canadian culture. A vital part of this assimilation program was the residential schools. For example, a Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples(RCAP) released in 1996 needed 178 days of public hearings in 96 communities to hear many of the cases of physical and sexual abuse in the residential schools."
Abstract This paper discusses how an increase in the Canadian minimum wage to $10 an hour would be controversial as has been every increase in minimum wage since the first introduction of legislation in support of a minimum wage in Canada in 1918. This essay presents arguments both for and against raising the minimum wage to $10 an hour in Canada as a national standard. The paper shows how such an action will have some negative impact upon the Canadian economy in that it will increase labour costs and, as a result, may somewhat increase inflationary pressures.
Abstract The following assignment discusses the Americanization of Canada through the media. The paper argues that because American media products dominate in Canada, that Canadian culture is being Americanized. The argument looks at culture, symbolize, signs and the role of media.
From the Paper "There has been a great deal of debate on the effects of the media upon culture. Many researchers argue that the media is contributing to a process of cultural homogenization. For example, in "Ecumenical America" Orlando Patterson argues, The modern process of global cultural interaction has repeatedly been subjected to two criticisms. The first is that it threatens the diversity and particularism of the world's cultures, resulting in a deadening homogenization of the human cultural experience. The other is that this growing global uniformity results from the dominance of America's culture --that, in effect, global culture is nothing more than American cultural imperialism (Patterson 103)."
Abstract This paper discusses how more and more scientists are now accepting that the world is undergoing unusual climate change. This paper examines the most important and likely ways that Atlantic Canada will be affected by climate change. The paper shows how climate change has the potential to have a devastating effect on the forests, farms and economy of Atlantic Canada. Natural Resources Canada reports that the latest analysis provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides more scientific proof that climate change really is happening.
Abstract The paper reviews the manner in which the nations of the United States and Canada address illegal immigration, specifically at the northern US border. The paper looks at the major elements; laws, bureaucratic initiatives and legal sanctions employed by the United States to secure its northern border. The paper also looks at where the Canadian approach is similar and where it is markedly different.
From the Paper "Illegal immigration into America via its southern border has received a great deal of attention for a very long time. However, America also has a northern border about which it should be concerned because this border - the Canada-US border - is allowing into the United States people who constitute a grave threat to the lives of every-day Americans. With this in mind, the following paper will explore illegal immigration into the US via the Canadian border by looking at how each country deals with the problem."
Abstract The paper examines "The Wealth and Poverty of Nations" that provides multiple and complex explanations for the imbalance of wealth between different nations. This paper examines Landes' arguments that economic development is intrinsically tied to a society's culture. The paper examines Landes' ideas of the ideal characteristics that should be present if a society is to pursue economic growth. The paper examines the implications of Landes' predictions for Canadian businesses and the Canadian economy. The paper shows how Landes has written a provocative book, one that makes a strong argument for the importance of Western-style values in providing a foundation for economic dominance. The paper points out, however, that the growth in cities like Shanghai and Beijing highlight the flaws of Landes' argument.
Outline:
Landes and the State
Culture and Economic Development
Prescriptions for Growth
From the Paper "Landes' view of the state is both nuanced and potentially contradictory. He rightly acknowledges that the state plays a crucial role in setting an environment that fosters individual innovation and entrepreneurship. For this reason, city-states such as Venice and Florence flourished during the Middle Ages. These city-states, according to Landes, represented a haven free from the control and oppressive tax practices of monarchs and landlords in feudal societies."
"The author makes a strong argument in as it would be impossible for entrepreneurship, mercantilism and eventually, capitalism to develop within the stringent social divisions of feudalism. In feudal societies, one's place in society is determined by property - namely, land. Tenants who do not own land make a living by their selling their labor to a landlord with property."
Abstract This paper explains that the Smoke Free Ontario Act, requiring cigarettes to be covered at point of purchase, is an attempt to help smokers who want to quit to avoid impulse purchases and to curb the normalization of smoking in the minds of youths. The author presents arguments for and against this act and reviews other legislation to stop smoking. The paper includes color illustrations and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Introduction
Arguments For The Smoke Free Ontario Act
The Power Wall
Power Of The Brand
Who Supports The Act
Arguments Against The Smoke Free Ontario Act
Conclusion
Advertising Ban
Warning Labels On Cigarette Packs
Raising Taxes
Www.Stupid.Ca
Banning Smoking In Public Places
Display Bans On Tobacco
Recommendation
Appendix 1: History Of Tobacco Legislation
Appendix 2: 2005 Smokers, By Province And Territory
Appendix 3: Stock Prices Of Tobacco Companies
Appendix 4: Reasons People Smoke
From the Paper "Cigarettes are a commodity product, distinguishable only through the image of their brand. This has been proven through blind-fold tests on dedicated brand smokers who could not tell their brand from others when branding images were removed. It is also true that smokers choose their brand early, when they first begin smoking, based on the brands smoked by their peers. In the US, Newport cigarettes have a 75% market share among blacks and only 12% among whites. It can hardly be asserted that the reason for this is that different tastes appeal to different races."
Abstract The paper looks at the literature regarding gang violence and other forms of organized crime in British Columbia. The paper discusses how the rise in the reported incidence of crimes coincides with the increase and variation in immigration. The paper also examines the steps Canada has taken to address this issue and concludes that gang violence is a concern that has repercussions to the overall health of the Indo-Canadian community, the Lower Mainland and British Columbia as well as the rest of Canada. The paper recommends that programs be developed to truly address the pertinent issues that gang violence has brought to the Indo-Canadian community. The paper includes figures and graphs.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
Discussion
Recommendations
Community Actions and Programs
Conclusion
From the Paper "According to recent studies in the British Columbia area, crime incidence is growing most among aboriginal and immigrant population of the region (Besla et al, 2005). One of the key reasons attributed to this trend are pressures of urbanization and integration. Their investigations revealed that many of the incidences of crime involved illegal drugs, organized crime, juveniles and minorities. Experts believe that among the mentioned crime trends, one of the things that should be focused on is the development of organized crime groups because they have the potential of proliferating crime more than anything else."
Abstract This paper discusses the delicate balance between the sanctity of lawyer-client privilege and the need to protect society. The paper begins by defining money laundering and presenting examples of lawyers who have been involved in money laundering. The paper then explains why the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) views lawyers as potential "gatekeepers" of the money laundering process. Next, the paper discusses the sanctity of lawyer-client privileges. A discussion on law enforcement efforts to balance the rights of the individual vs. the protection of society then follows. The paper concludes that this ethical dilemma of the relationship between lawyers' right to defend individuals and organized crime involved in money laundering creates topical discussions with no clear answers.
Outline:
Introduction
Money Laundering Defined
Examples of Lawyers Involved in Money Laundering
FATF Describes Lawyers as "Gatekeepers"
Ethics and the Sanctity of Lawyer Client Privilege
Balancing the Rights of the Individual versus the Protection of Society
From the Paper "Balancing the protection of society versus defending individual rights is an ethical dilemma that criminal defense lawyers may experience. This is especially enhanced when lawyers represent the interests of organized crime. Money laundering endangers the social economic fabric of society and is linked to serious crimes of violence, drug trafficking and terrorism. Legislation is designed to assist law enforcement with investigating and prosecuting crimes such as money laundering. However, legalities have been overcome by professionals such as accountants, bank managers, insurance agents and lawyers. These professionals viewed as potential "gatekeepers" of the money laundering process can easily become embroiled into facilitating the needs of organized crime, either unwittingly or knowingly."
Abstract This paper discusses the rising heroin abuse problem in Canada. as well as possible solutions to the problem. In order to devise strategies to address the issue, the paper first looks at what the government has done in the past in the hopes of challenging traffickers and users. The paper relates that looking at past policies will help provide an understanding of methods that have not been successful. The paper also compares America's approach to the drug problem to Canada's and notes that neither have been completely successful. The paper concludes that perhaps the best approach would be one that combines the techniques of both countries' approach to fighting drug abuse; providing treatment to drug users and targeting the trafficking system.
From the Paper "Heroin is made from morphine, a naturally occurring substance that comes from the opium poppy plant. There are estimated 35,000-40,000 heroin users in Canada claims Leduc and Lee (2003). Opiates which produce heroin do not grow in Canada which means that all of the aforementioned users are dependent on the import of heroin into the country and the trafficking routes that gets the drug in their hands. Heroin trafficking will continue to be a societal problem so long as people are using heroin. It is drug use epidemic that can only be targeted from the root which is the use of the drug itself. In order to expose, dissect, and find solutions to this problem we must look at the rise of use of the drug, the import of this drug, and the networks of distribution throughout Canada. To determine strategies that would help eliminate these problems we must first look at what the government has done in the past in hopes of challenging traffickers, and users so we have an understanding of methods that have not been successful. The government as a whole faces heroin at a range of levels from the education system teaching youth about drug dangers, to law enforcement facing dealers and importers, to the immigration system meeting head on with those crossing borders with drugs, social services of Canada helping addicts and former addicts remain off the drugs and restart their lives and governmental health care helping those with heroin related health issues as well as people who have endured trafficking related violence. Heroin use no-doubt affects all members of society at an economical level, but also at a production level. The more time and energy given to those involved in the drug, the less time and energy given to more positive aspects of society like the education system. Both fiction and non-fiction books and movies expose the lives of drug lords profiting off the down fall of people into cyclones of drug use, drug dealing, prison, and death. One of the most widely distributed written projects on this topic is "Requiem for a Dream" which is less focused on the importers but rather on the people on the streets that are profiting less and risking. Reading of this work of art accurately describes the struggles, horror, and never ending circle of use, abuse, and violence."
Abstract Using the empowerment/strength-based theory, this paper critiques critique Virginia Axline's intervention approach with Dibs in "Dibs in Search of Self". The paper explains that, since the book was published in the early 1960s; the way in which the strength-based intervention was used is to an extent outdated for current social work practice. Thus, the paper also discusses what practices could have been changed or added to the intervention that would be more suitable when working with children of today's Canadian society. In particular, the paper discusses three different strength-based practices that Axline should add or change in the intervention in order to work more efficiently with current Canadian children.
From the Paper "The kind of language and dialogue used in interventions with children is an important factor that contributes to the client's sense of self and the way in which they define their own experiences. "The power of language to influence perception and the development of self-fulfilling prophecies can create negative or positive outcomes". With that said, Axline skilfully used strength-based language and the skill of positive re-framing of words when conversing with Dibs. Strength-based language is displayed by asking questions that let the child tell their story and also by staying in-line with where the child wants to take the intervention (Greene, Lee, Hoffpauir, 2005). Strength-based language often uses the skills of positive re-framing. Positive re-framing focuses on building on the child's inner strength and to help re-frame the child's outlook on their experiences into something they can grasp and cope with more effectively (Greene, Lee, Hoffpauir, 2005). A good example of Axline using strength-based re-framing with Dibs would be displayed on pg. # 46 in the book where Dibs demands that the window be closed in the playroom."
Abstract This paper provides a detailed example of the Criminal Justice process in Canada. In order to better illustrate the example, the paper depicts a fictional account of an individual's journey from arrest, through the courts, through imprisonment and to parole.
From the Paper "At the station, Henri was photographed, fingerprinted, and put in a cell. Because Henri seemed very agitated, the officer in charge of lock-up decided it would be in the public interest not to release him at that point (Personal Communication, Constable Brown, Victoria Police, March 14th 1999). Chiles demanded a Habeas Corpus to "illegitimacize" the arrest. The lock-up officer did not release Henri because the offense he was being charged with carried a sentence greater than five years. The officer did, however, promise to bring Henri before a Justice as soon as was practicable. (Griffiths & Verdun-Jones, 1994, p.227)."
Abstract This paper presents a case study of Canada's Department of National Defense and reviews the strategic direction and structural organization of the department as well as its history and development. Many tables, diagrams and graphs are included with the paper.
From the Paper "...Thus, the overall mission and responsibilities of the Department of National Defense ultimately acts to uphold democracy, individual rights and freedoms, peace and order, good government, and a sustainable and stable economy..."
Abstract This is a very detailed examination of 10 works that discuss the goth sub-industrialized sub-culture as it relates to Montreal.
From the Paper "Simply put, this book is an ethnographic study of a few of the subcultures in Brighton, England, circa 1995. Among the subcultures examined were Punks, Mods, Metalers, and Goths. It makes extensive use of field research, and interviews in particular, examining a total of 57 different people in thirty-eight separate interviews. Through this research, the author attempts to define subculture from the viewpoint of the members of such subcultures"
