Abstract This paper discusses the conflict between English and French Canadians as a key element of Canadian history. While the focus of the paper examines the years 1760 - 1867, a general discussion of events leading to the fall of New France is relevant and is included. The paper contends that French and English conflict in the new world, specifically in what is now officially Canada, has a long and volatile history, dating back to the emergence of an English fur trade in what is now known as the Hudson's Bay. The paper traces the nature of this conflict, roughly from the fall of New France to the English through to Canadian Confederation in 1867. Included in this discussion of the English - French conflict is the fur trade, the treaty of Utrecht, the lower Canadian rebellions and the Quebec Act.
From the Paper "Tensions between New France and the English colonies on the North American continent began to escalate when King Charles II gave the Hudson's Bay Company exclusive trading rights and property ownership to Rupert's Land. This vast area included all the lands within the area drained by the rivers flowing into both Hudson and James Bays.1 This tension became open conflict, punctuated with several cease-fires, between 1689 and the fall of New France in 1760. Even in the post conquest era, conflict continued between English Canadians and French Canadians. In the twenty-first century contemporary Canadian politicians grapple with the issue of Quebec sovereignty."
Abstract This paper describes the geography, climate, wildlife, vegetation, cultural development, ethnic groups, and internal ethnic conflicts of both Australia and Canada and draws comparisons and contrasts of these between the two countries.
From the Paper "Their specious, surface images in the international public eye could not be more diverse. Canada is often schematically depicted as a friendly land of stoic Mounties, clear views of mountaintops and uncluttered city streets, crisp air-and the home of Anne of Green Gables. Australia travel advertisements show a land of sunny beaches, strange wildlife, and strange English expressions such as to throw another shrimp upon the Barbie, and feature upside down seasons of blistering heat-and the home of the rustic Crocodile Dundee. Yet both of these nations do speak the Queen's English language, and both were once a part of the British crown. Both have experienced profound internal conflicts with their indigenous populations. Both embrace a wide diversity of cultures within their respective folds, partly due to geographic circumstances of great territorial and climatic diversity."
Abstract This paper examines the background, history and activities of feminist and social activist, Nellie McClung of Canada. The paper traces the development of Nellie's political, literary and feminist careers. The paper discusses one of her major accomplishments, the attainment of women suffrage. The paper describes Nellie's growing understanding of human nature, views on temperance and feminism, concern for others and her natural inability to suppress the expression of these sentiments, explaining how all this evolved into her political activism.
From the Paper "Nellie was born in Chatsworth, Ontario, Canada on October 20, 1873 to John Mooney and Letitia McCurdy Mooney (Dugas 2000). She was named Helen Letitia and her siblings were Will, George, Elizabeth, Hannah and Jack. Nellie was the family favorite. In 1880, the family emigrated to the Canadian West to homestead south of Brandon, Manitoba where Nellie attended school from ages 10 to 16. At 16 in 1889, she finished Normal School or teacher training (Dugas). At birth, Nellie, her mother or any of her sisters was not recognized as "persons" by Canadian law (Bridgeman 1999). They and other women of the time did not share certain rights with men. Women were economically dependent on their father or husband. A woman's inherited property passed on to her husband and when he died, she was left penniless and raised her children in poverty. Women were not allowed in certain careers, such as politics, law and medicine. Most importantly, they were not allowed to vote and to determine the future of society."
Abstract This paper presents the argument that the best health care system for Canada would be a mixed system - with both private or public features. The paper examines pros and cons of both the public and the private health care systems in order to determine their best features.
From the Paper "Canada's health-care system ranks among the best in the world but it falls far behind most European and Middle East nations because of the financial burden it imposes on users. Because Canadians have to pay so much taxes, Canada rates only 30th place in the first international analysis of health care in the world's 191 countries.1 It is often argued that Canada should drop the public health system and follow in the US' footsteps by privatizing its health care system, but the US's health care system is arguably flawed with almost 15 per cent of its population lacking any type of health insurance and is ranked only in 37th place in the international analyses of health care in the world.2 "
Abstract This paper examines how with the increasing visibility of gays and lesbians in society, religious leaders, child psychologists, and other professionals are beginning to question whether children raised by a gay or lesbian couple will function the same as children raised by heterosexual couples. It looks at how there are many arguments against same sex couples raising children and how these arguments come from the religious community.
From the Paper "It is evident that the traditional nuclear family has changed. It is no longer just mother, father and child. The family has become single parents, biracial couples; blended families, communal living, and homosexual couples are only a few among others. In the last decade Canada has seen a huge change in the legal and social status of lesbians and gay men. They are now able to marry divorce, adopt and have custody of children. Same sex marriage is now legal in parts of the world. Many believe this kind of unions is redefining what marriage and family is. It is true the number of same-sex families in Canada is unknown because the statistics Canada census "does not distinguish between unrelated individuals sharing living quarters and those who have a sexual relationship. "
This paper discusses the life, philosophy and works, especially her novels "Cat's Eye", "The Handmaid's Tale" and "Surfacing", of Margaret Atwood, considered one of the most influential female Canadian writers of the last four decades.
Abstract This paper explains that Margaret Atwood is not merely a writer but also the author of a more formative treatise on Canadian literature, "Survival", which serves as a context for interpreting and understanding the work of Canadian authors, in which she claims that Canada has a distinct national literature, distinguished from American and British standards. The author relates that Atwood argues that the central organizing metaphor or "symbol" for Canadian literature is survival, not merely that act of living through difficult times but rather an entire mind-set, which pervades the people and literature of the nation. The paper states that Atwood, writing from her own experience, lived as a child in the deep bush and observed the difference between what the characters of "Cat's Eye" call the wild and the tame of the world and the characters of "Surfacing" call the natives and the Americans.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Atwood's Career History
Survival: The Theory
Nature and Meaning in "Surfacing"
Survival and Nature in "Cat's Eye"
The Influence of Atwood's Life
Conclusion
From the Paper "The challenge of surviving society and seeking legitimacy is perhaps the greatest challenge in "Cat's Eye", and yet the society of Toronto against which Elaine struggles is rather tame in comparison with the difficult situations of some of Atwood's other heroines, such as Offred. In "Handmaid's Tale", the great difficulties which patriarchy creates for women who wish to communicate with one another are made less subtle and more blatant. Offred spends months communicating with Ofglen before they begin to be able to communicate more than a few words at a time. She is likewise unable to truly communicate with Serena or with the Marthas. Here the Aunts inform and abuse their fellow women, and paranoia and backstabbing are the norm."
Abstract This paper considers the effect of SARS on tourism in Canada in general and Toronto in particular, and the marketing efforts used to rebuild tourism following the SARS outbreak there in 2003.
From the Paper "Tourism is an important part of many economies particularly those economies that have relatively few travel restrictions for international tourists. When severe acute respiratory syndrome ..."
Abstract This paper takes a brief look at the role of Canada in WWII. It discusses the role played by the army, air force, navy and merchant marine. The paper highlights some of their achievements and some of the major battles in which Canadians were involved.
From the Paper "Canada was involved in World War II almost from the beginning, entering the war in September of when it realized the threat posed by Nazi Germany. What all persons over the age of were required to register for war service and compulsory military service for ..."
Abstract This paper is a critical review of the book "Obasan" by Joy Kogawa. It summarizes that the book is based on the experiences of Japanese-Canadians during World War II and how they were treated by the Canadian government. The paper discusses the plot and characters. It also explores the themes of the book including racism.
From the Paper ""Obasan" by Joy Kogawa is a novel based on her experiences as a third-generation Japanese-Canadian child growing up in Canada during World War II. A witness to the racism directed towards those of Japanese descent by the Canadian government. The story is told partly in real time and partly in flashbacks as the now grown Naomi, a school teacher in Cecil Alberta, returns to Granton for her uncle's funeral. She stays with her Obasan aunt, his widow and while there she delves into her past through ..."
Abstract This paper focuses on how liberalization and globalization, in a shift towards global competitiveness, have affected the outlook and practice of Canadian business objectives and management. The author points out examples of less expected developments in the traditional commodity markets, which needed changes in outlook and direction. The paper uses several references including Tom Wesson's collection of papers.
From the Paper "Since the late 1980s, Canada has continued to adjust to a neo-liberal global economy as well as changes brought with Free Trade and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). As Barrows & Cotsomitis (2001) emphasize, a fairly protected Canadian market economy that was sometimes subsidized has had to adjust rapidly to a guiding concept of global competitiveness (p. 3). This paper examines Canada's position in a much changed contemporary world economy with special attention to the challenges that this changed environment and its business culture poses for how Canada understands management and management standards."
Abstract This paper explains that the highly publicized school violence, such as the shootings at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999, in Littleton, USA, have made many parents anxious about the safety of their children while in school. The author points out that this has resulted in the zero tolerance policy in Toronto schools as promised by the Ontario government before passing the Safe Schools Act in 2000. The paper states that, in order to assess this policy, citizens need to know exactly what is meant by zero tolerance.
From the Paper "Highly publicized school violence, such as the shootings at Columbine High School on April 20th, 1999 in Littleton, USA, have made many parents anxious about the safety of their children while in school. One result of this is the zero tolerance policy in Toronto schools. The Ontario government promised zero tolerance before passing the Safe Schools Act in 2000. In order to assess this policy, we need to know exactly what we mean by zero tolerance. A recent research study found that the majority of respondents defined zero tolerance as "marking out clear lines for acceptable behavior, along with repercussions for violating the limits" (Gabor, 1995)."
Abstract This paper evaluates the significance of corporate criminal activities, which are identified within organizations. The author points out that there are a number of actions, which are taken against companies, when corporate executives take advantage of their substantial power within the company. The paper relates that corporate corruption eventually causes irreversible damage to the organization as a whole.
Abstract This essay discusses three short stories, which are "Canadian Experience" by A. Clarke, "How are You?" by M. Mallet and "Sophie" by E. Carr. The author explains who or what is responsible for the things that happen to the three main characters in the stories. The paper relates that two stories are about immigrants and the third story is about a native Canadian, people who are minorities and vulnerable.
From the Paper "This essay looks at three characters from three different stories and examines who or what is responsible for what happens to each of them. The essay also shows to what extent what happens to the three of them and who/what is responsible is similar and to what extent it is different for each of the three. The stories chosen for the essay are: "Canadian Experience" written by Austin Clarke, "How are you?" written by Marilu Mallet and "Sophie" by Emily Carr. The main characters in all of the three stories have one thing in common: they are 'minorities', at least in one sense."
Abstract This paper explains that the documentary film "The Corporation" demonstrates the way the ideologies of corporations impact society and the public good. The author points out that, in this film, the corporation is analyzed and treated as if it were a person with a personality of a textbook psychopath. The paper relates that corporations manipulate the mass media and the consumers by ignoring social accountability, moral rules and sometimes even direct laws.
From the Paper "The corporation is probably the most dominant institution in our society today. It is the most wealthy, powerful, pervasive, and influential institution on earth today. The principal goal of a corporation is to make as much legal monetary profit as possible, regardless of the consequences. It is also an institution legally not concerned with the well being of the society at large. This essay will argue that the limited liability of corporations makes them all-powerful and that it is this status quo that the corporations want to maintain, using propaganda and consumerism in order to do so."
Abstract This fourteen page undergraduate paper examines Canada and globalization. The author notes that proponents of globalization and many free trade theorists contend that global trade creates enough economic gains that every Canadian involved can benefit, as long as the gains are widely redistributed between national trading partners. The writer points out that unfortunately, globalization cannot guarantee that this redistribution will actually occur, and its proponents are limited to predictions that there will be winners and losers in all participating countries involved in free trade.
From the Paper "Proponents of globalization and many free trade theorists contend that global trade creates enough economic gains that every Canadian involved can benefit, as long as the gains are widely redistributed between national trading partners. Unfortunately, globalization cannot guarantee that this redistribution will actually occur, and its proponents are limited to predictions that there will be winners and losers in all participating countries involved in free trade. These advocates of globalization studiously avoid admitting that many of the losers are and will be average working Canadians, while many of the winners will be people in the upper income brackets, often in other countries."
