Abstract Article 22 of the League of Nations Covenant spells out the rules by which every mandatory power was to govern their mandates. This paper discusses how Japan's violation of Article 22 led to brutal fighting between the Japanese and the Allied Powers. The author illustrates how had the Japanese upheld their duties as mandatory powers, some of the imperialistic fervor would have subsided, and a possible avoidance of the Pacific War could have occurred.
From the Paper "At the end of the 19th century, Japan found herself looking up at the superpowers of the world. Japan had spent years in isolation, perfecting her own culture, silently growing in power, and waiting for the time to gain world recognition. The Japanese chose the turn of the century to display their power to the world. Japan engaged in armed conflict with both the Russians and the Chinese, coming out on the winning end in both altercations. In her eyes, Japan felt this was enough evidence of her strength and ascension into the class of superpowers. The leaders of the west, however, felt this display by Japan was a meager attempt to replicate the conquests of previous countries. Japan was still seen as a struggling, inferior country, a view that was helped along by prevailing racial stereotypes and even the arrogance of the west. To combat this problem, Japan became even more aggressive in her dealings with foreign countries, and even imperialistic in some manners. Germany began to encroach on Japanese territory during World War I, and Japan countered by using her military. At the end of the war, Japanese forces occupied three island chains: the Marshall, Caroline and Marianas Islands. When the war officially ended, the world superpowers decided to award the islands to Japan as mandatory states in the Treaty of Versailles. Article 22 of the League of Nations Covenant spelled out the rules by which Japan, and other mandatory powers, ruled over their mandates. Japan violated Article 22 of the covenant by exploiting the natives of these islands, forcing Japanese culture on the people, and militarily fortifying the land."
Abstract This paper reviews Joseph Heller's novel "Catch 22", a novel spinning and turning tumultuously on two separate axes in which time becomes distorted and disordered, providing no structure. It examines how the mischievous ?Catch-22?, the unsuspected, beguiling tool of the military's "spinning" logic is effective in the way it offers no-win situations to its baffled victims. Yossarian is ensnared by this bureaucratic machine, trapped by the shifting line of reasoning it constructs and in all of his "insane" and absurd reasonableness, acts as the vehicle for existentialism. It analyzes how the novel's cyclical time also allows for the recurrence and repetition of phrases and images and how the image of Snowden lying in the back of Yossarian's plane is continually alluded to and revisited throughout the book.
From the Paper "Yossarian functions within a similar power dynamic. Men like Cathcart, who dominate and "enslave" Yossarian, are ?noble.? Both have the capacity to construct a moral reality with regard to themselves. When Cathcart volunteers the men in Yossarian's squadron to bomb Bologna, ex-P.F.C. Wintergreen tries to explain the "noble" position to Yossarian?that it's his job to sacrifice his own life, and that this is the "right" thing to do. Yossarian counters by claiming, in essence, that the sacrifice of his own life would be too great (Heller 133). Both sides are able to define the situation from their own perspective. "
Abstract This paper explains that the title of Heller's novel refers to the contradictions of war itself and inherent contradiction of this code, "Catch-22,' a code of military ethics stating that one does not have to fight if one is crazy, but one is not be crazy if one does not want to fight, suggesting that it is insane to want to die fighting a war. The author applies this code to contemporary military terms, saying that a similar Catch-22 is evident in the rhetoric of leaders who justify the need to stay in Iraq to sustain the peace, even while the American military presence creates more conflict. This paper relates that, in war, the military deprives a person of his or her private language and life, creating its own system of values; in this way, the military is similar to many other spheres of society, which create insular cultures of their own, locking in participants who, once entrapped within a particular system, cannot escape.
From the Paper "Yoassarin, the paranoid hero of the novel desires to leave service, especially after dealing with the death of one of the men of his unit. He too, he finds, is subject to the Catch-22 clause that to be excused from military duty by reason of insanity, one must be insane enough to want to fight on, rather than to live and opt out of armed conflict. Thus, the central problem of the novel is not only the insanity of war, but also how to opt out of a system that demands a clear yes or no--either one must validate the war and insanely agree to armed combat to be excused, or one must validate the war by continuing to fight on, while sanely refusing and saying that war is death, thereby proving one's own sanity and proving one's fitness to fight."
Abstract The writer explains the history of development of the F-22 Raptor fighter jet. The plane is compared to the existing F-15. The paper reviews the history of spending and the estimates for the cost of project completion. It recaps current arguments for and against the additional spending. The writer concludes that the additional money should be spent to complete and deploy the plane as a strong new addition to the United States' Air Force.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Brief Background of the F-22 Raptor
Current Government Spending
Pros and Cons
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "Those in favor of the continued spending on the F-22 argue that without the plane, our tactical air systems will soon be outstripped by technology being developed by potentially hostile countries. Air dominance, they say, has been an instrumental factor in every modern military victory. Without upgrading our current stock of planes, we risk losing our current air dominance.
"Yet others believe that the money is being poorly spent. The Raptor, they argue, has been troubled by design flaws and cost problems. Its development is far behind schedule. Our country's current aircraft commitments equal a meager 10 percent of the nearly 3600 planes in our existing force. The existing planes are the finest and most effective fighter planes in the world. Hence, given the current political environment, the overall spending on F-22 development is unwarranted."
Abstract This paper overviews the book, "The 22 Immutable Laws of Marketing: Violate Them At Your Own Risk" and its emphasis on the need for marketers to look first to the perceptions of their customers for guidance in how to design, sell and service products. The paper reviews the twenty two laws presented in the book and discusses the laws most worth emulating. The writer finds the book fascinating and relates that this book changed his perspective of marketing.
Outline:
Introduction
Assessing Each of the 22 Immutable Laws of Marketing
Laws Worth Emulating
Summary
From the Paper "In the book, The 22 Immutable Laws of Marketing: Violate Them At Your Own Risk, authors Ries & Trout (1994) present a series of insights, guidelines and concepts that together form the foundation of how marketing needs to be based more on the perception of customers and less on product features and branding. I thoroughly enjoyed the book and the authors' passion for communicating how critical it is for marketers to look first to the expectations and perceptions of their customers for guidance in how to design, sell and service products. This book also reminded of the Harvard Business Review article Blue Ocean Strategies (Kim, Mauborgne, 2004) and corresponding book with the shared title. Blue Oceans are synonymous with uncontested markets, and in book authored by Ries & Trout, I can see how having a finely tuned sense of the perception of customers' unmet needs and preferences could lead to the development of entirely new markets."
Abstract This paper is an analysis of Joseph Heller's anti-war novel, "Catch-22". It begins with a look at the character of the anti-hero Yossarian. Characters are looked at in relation to the novel's themes of power and greed, as well as profit. The use of satire is examined. The paper concludes with the writer's view of what Heller was trying to say in his novel.
From the Paper "Catch-22 is a novel that entirely takes place at war. Even though the book is filled with comedy, it describes the physical and emotional pain of war. The novel shows us how people are changed by war and how their focuses are changed through different experiences. Catch ? 22 breaks the rules of a standard anti ? war novel, which shocks this statement into the reader. Through different and sudden time changes, the reader is almost tricked to laugh at certain situations that later are revealed to be quite serious and emotional. The reader doesn?t realize what they are laughing at until the novel is completed and Heller's true vision is revealed. Catch ? 22 is an ?alternative, requiring not only a high order of poetic vision but also a willingness to shock, to challenge, to spit in your audience's eye, is what goes currently under the label of the Absurd. This encompasses farce, gibberish, surrealism and even that sub-branch of show-business called "sick humour".? There are many themes in the novel, which frame the anti-war theme. Greed for power and money and the corruption of soldiers in the novel all tell us how evil war really is. Heller uses satire in order to get the point across from a rather comedic standpoint."
Abstract This paper discusses Joseph Heller's satire of the institutions that run and support the war (i.e.: the military establishment, the medical institution, and big business) in "Catch-22." The author looks at the bureaucracy and absurd tactics of military hierarchy during World War II.
From the Paper "Pogo once said: we have met the enemy and it is us. This sums up Joseph Heller's entire message, in his novel, Catch-22. He satirizes entire American ideologies and values. The most targeted was the military institution, during World War II. Heller also criticized Capitalist big business, and portrayed it as a leech that profits off of the hardships of the war. Finally, the medical establishment is severely satirized, against the traditional view of doctors, for acting presumptuous and lacking compassion for the ill. There was only one catch;and that was catch-22. "
Abstract The paper shows that in the moral vision of his novel, "Catch-22", Joseph Heller attacks war, bureaucracy and capitalism as the ills of America. The paper also shows that Heller's model for morality is found within the character of Yossarian, who struggles against these systems, dehumanization and death with logic and individualism.
From the Paper "The bureaucratic war machine of Catch-22 exemplifies the work of bureaucracy in society. Those high in the chain of command give orders arbitrarily. Rules have no meaningful relation to each other. Catch-22 is found in every report, counter-report, and rule book. Generals and Colonels strive to gain attention in magazines rather than running an efficient war, glorifying themselves, destroying each other in a game for higher rank. Nothing is won except a more deeply embedded illusion of immortality, another step away from the battlefield, where the mortality of man as a reality is in full view. So separated from this reality an agent of bureaucracy dispenses life without a thought of death. As in American society, systems of government and corporation are run bureaucratically. They have no relation to the people they affect. Heller portrays the negative in these affects; war is the outcome, created by men that don?t fight wars but let other fight them instead. As in the social reality of big business in America, control, self-interest, and profit are first in line for executives."
Abstract This paper examines Psalm 22 in the Holy Bible. It presents a detailed exegesis in literary and theological terms. Then it develops the theme of links between this Psalm and the Passion.
Abstract This paper examines how fragmentation permeates every aspect of Joseph Heller's novel "Catch-22". linguistically, thematically and structurally, allowing him to create a wide-ranging satire that never loses sight of its central existentialist focus, Yossarian's powerful desire to survive at all costs. It looks at how Heller employs a variety of techniques to achieve the apparent incoherence of the narrative, fulfilling his satirical and comic aims and how hese include a multitude of characters, the distorted and looping sense of time and the curiously disjoined language. It demonstrates how the multiple plot strands allow Heller to attack a variety of institutions from different angles, how the satire is polyform and how these aspects together create a sense of insanity, reflective of the madness on Pianosa and the horrific madness of the war itself.
From the Paper "Yossarian's desire to live provides the central thrust, but there are themes other than death which intertwine and recur throughout the book; primarily Milo's enterprise and the continual raising of the number of required missions. These themselves are unrelated, adding to the sense of a disjointed whole. This use of fragmentation gives Heller a means to attack two of his main targets; Milo's ridiculous commerce satirises the western capitalist belief structure, and the missions issue satirises the blind obedience the soldiers, for the most part, show to the military hierarchy."
Abstract In Joseph Heller's book, "Catch-22", the author has created a broad allegory about the insanity of war. The paper examines this allegory, which is played out in many ways, but in particular, by juxtaposing two characters opposite each other: Yossarian, a squadron commander who is repeatedly frustrated as terrible events repeatedly occur for surreal reasons, and Milo Minderbinder, who is immensely successful at war profiteering and gains great respect for these activities even when his actions are completely unconscionable.
From the Paper "Several themes are threaded throughout the book. Yossarian is obsessed with issues related to death. Minderbender emphasizes Yossarian's concerns about being mortal through his near-total lack of concern even though he it participating in a war. The absurdity of bureaucracy in war is demonstrated through both characters. Yossarian demonstrates it by revealing the bureaucratic hypocricies of the war; Minderbinder demonstrates it as he creates his own dishonest bureaucracy to manage his war profiteering business. Finally, Yossarian struggles with issues of right and wrong throughout the book, a concern emphasized by Minderbender's pattern of choosing how he will act strictly based on what will maximize his profits."
Abstract The author of this paper shows how the technologies critical to the U.S. for new weapons systems have become increasingly available in the global marketplace and thus are accessible to its potential adversaries as well. The paper provides an extensive review of the artificial intelligent systems currently used by the U.S. military aviation and their advantages.
From the Paper "It is CIE's job to determine what these actions mean right now, in the current situation. This explanation is formed based on current understanding of intent, situations in the external world, and knowledge about acceptable behavior in the cockpit.
"Understanding crew intentions is really only one function of CIE that ensures human-centered RPA behavior. CIE also dynamically identifies conflicts between the current crew intentions and RPA activities as posted by RPA's internal Task Network Architecture (TNA) scheduler. The TNA is the mechanism that coordinates RPA aiding activities. CIE can identify potentially counterproductive RPA behaviors and transmit an indication of conflict and also type of conflict so that the RPA Task Network can possibly identify a way to complete its scheduled tasks without being counterproductive to the crew's objectives."
Abstract CVS is a retail corporation that sells prescription drugs and general merchandise products. This paper presents an overview of the company, including its corporate structure and history. The paper then discusses CVS's strategic goals and objectives, including its impressive community involvement plan. Finally, the paper concludes with overall highlights of the company's operations before providing financial statements for both CVS and its prime competitor, Walgreen's.
From the Paper "CVS has also improved its company strength from all areas of the business. Most notable is the operating income increased from $700 million in 2001 to $1.2 billion in 2002, return on equity increased from nine percent in 2001 to 13 percent in 2002, and return on assets increased from five percent in 2001 to almost eight percent in 2002. This reflects the strong growth from the company, improving their inventory controls, expanding into new markets, opening new stores in existing market areas and marketing to the baby boomers, which is the largest user group in the U.S."
Abstract This paper discusses how CVS' human resources department put a pharmacy technician training program into place that was strategically designed to help alleviate the growing time burden placed on CVS' pharmacists by developing qualified assistants.
From the Paper "The training program's success has been carefully tracked using quality control statistical measures since its inception in 2002. "[It's] one of the benchmarks that we use around gauging our success," comments its developer, adding that the program has significantly reduced overall employee turnover. CVS' pharmacy technicians have apparently flourished under the program. The CVS technicians lead the industry on their scores of passing the Pharmacy Technician Certification Boards. CVS technicians have the highest passing rating of any drug chain. More than 90 percent of those individuals enrolled in the CVS technician program pass the industry test. Striving to have the best pharmacy technician and the best pharmacists in the business make life easier for CVS customers. (Johnson, 2002) "
Abstract This document discusses the pricing and promotion strategy for Compass Vending Services's (CVS) new product line of organic, healthy snack foods. The product line is marketed under the SunRidge Farms brand and is to be distributed in many of the same institutional and organizational outlets CVS's current products are marketed and distributed through.
From the Paper "The concept put forward in this present research makes the assumption that the product price determines the promotion strategy to some extent and that the product price is inherently related to how CVS can position the SunRidge Farms brand of healthy snack foods. Supporting Statement Recognizing the importance of pricing and promotion to its overall positioning of these new healthy snack foods in the marketplace ensures that CVS is constantly elevating the competitive barriers for new entrants and new products. Product Overview CVS has introduced a pre-packaged healthy/organic snack food marketed under the SunRidge Farms brand name (Canteen, 2006). Marketed as organic and all natural, these products consist of several types."
