Abstract It is often said that art imitates life, but the onslaught of televisions shows that deal with crime scene investigation have jurors expecting for life to imitate art. This is described as the CSI Effect named after a popular CBS television series. This paper explores the impact that the CSI effect has had upon jurors and the judicial system and also investigates the impact of the CSI effect on prosecutors. It also explores the some of the positive factors that have come about as a result of the CSI Effect.
Outline
Introduction
CSI Effect
Pressure Placed On Labs and Forensic Experts from Jurors Suffering From the CSI Effect
Positive Impact of the CSI Effect
Coping with the CSI Effect
Conclusion
From the Paper "Although the creator of CSI asserts that the technology and types of forensic evidence shown on the television program are not realistic, there are many who disagree. In fact some experts that have worked on the show and other similar shows have quit because they believe that the shows are detrimental to the judicial system and may influence potential jurors in a negative way (Botluk & Mitchell (2005). In addition, some experts believe that the shows can unknowingly be teaching criminals how to get away with crimes (Botluk & Mitchell (2005). For instance, a criminal may watch the show and learn how crime scene investigators find perpetrators."
Abstract Discussion of the history of CSIS in three sections, examining unique influencing forces in each era that led to changes and that have created the current organizational structure and operation of CSIS. Discussion of the creation of CSIS, a middle era and CSIS since the events of September 11.
From the Paper "Any country in today's world that wishes to protect its interests and national security is essentially forced to develop some form of security and intelligence agency. For some countries with a history of dictatorship and autocratic traditions, such an agency comes easily, has free reign, and does not find itself tangled in a web of ethical considerations and balances between national security and individual rights and freedoms. For Western Democracies, which value individual rights, freedoms and civil liberties, the development and operation of security and intelligence agencies presents a much more complicated and delicate challenge. The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) was created in 1984 after the RCMP Security Service failed to find a balance between civil liberties and national security (Rosen, 2000). The brief history of CSIS can be divided in many different ways to reflect changes in organization, leadership, mandate, power, and other influencing factors. For the purposes of this paper, CSIS will be examined in three major time periods. The transition from the RCMP Security Service to the establishment of CSIS (1979-1987), a middle period in which CSIS settled in and became more established as a government agency (1988-2001), and time since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Within these time frames, different aspects of change to the organization will be examined as well as the precipitating causal factors. Such an analysis will clearly show that CSIS is an organization, which is influenced heavily by environmental, political and global factors that change over time."
Abstract The paper attempts to show how the reality of crime scene investigation (CSI) differs considerably from the popular media presentations. The paper looks at the research that reveals that CSI is a complex sector of criminal law enforcement that is characterized by the input from various specializations and disciplines and is usually a very time-consuming process.
Outline:
CSI : Meaning, Definition and Description
The Difference Between Fiction and Reality
Conclusion
From the Paper "The literature on CSI or Crime Scene Investigation and investigators is related to various aspects of forensic science. Common definitions of CSI refer to the important fact that there are multivalent aspects to this occupation, which is often more complex that is publicly perceived. Therefore, a Crime Scene Investigator may be referred to as an ET (evidence technician), CST (crime scene technician), FI (forensic investigator), SOCO (scenes of crime officer), CSA (crime scene analyst), or CO (criminalisticts officer). (How to become a CSI) Basically, the central role of the CSI officer is to "...document, identify and collect physical evidence at a crime scene." (How to become a CSI) A general view of CSI is that is the "...meeting point of science, logic and law." ( Layton)"
Abstract This paper four different television cop shows: "Hill Street Blues", "Dragnet", Law & Order", and "CSI". The paper contends that "CSI" and "Law & Order" are cookie-cutter, formula shows based on the original TV cop series "Dragnet"; whereas, "Hill Street Blues" delves into real social issues. To illustrate its point, the paper contrasts specific episodes to demonstrate the superiority of "Hill Street Blues". The paper concludes that "Hill Street Blues" shuns the good versus evil theme of other TV cop shows and instead examines the complexities, contradictions and frailties of its characters, the system and police work itself.
From the Paper "CSI Miami" is just a relocation of the same show, except more glossy as it is in Miami. In episode number 110, we see more of the same line whereby central investigators Horatio, Speedle and Calleigh root through the evidence in the homicide of a strange and unorthodox college professor whom they find tied to a tree. In another case, Delko and Megan investigate a car found in the water with a dead body in the trunk, and immediately suspect an insurance scam. Once again we are presented with clues and invited to join in the investigation as it unfolds, but with more shallow characters and predicable lines."
Abstract This paper outlines the historical development of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) and its present day organization and functioning. It discusses how the monitoring of security and intelligence issues within Canada has slowly evolved since the late 1800s before and after Confederation up until the current service which was formed in 1984. It examines how over the years the service has been riddled with controversy and difficulties in finding the very sensitive balance between the security of the nation and the highly valued civil liberties of Canadian citizens. It reviews the current mandate with the responsibility of reporting on any and all threats to the security of Canada and its accountability.
From the Paper "In 1970, the RCMP Security Service Officers essentially had the "best" of both worlds for anyone wanting to act powerfully yet not be held accountable (Cleroux, 1990). While they retained all the legal abilities of an officer of the law, they were detached from the structure and policy of the RCMP force. Lacking any form of mandate to guide their security and intelligence responsibilities, policy decisions were left predominantly to be made by the high ranking RCMP officers who headed the Security Service (Cleroux, 1990). During the October Crisis of 1970 in Quebec, the Federal Government found itself without adequate information about the Separatist Movement within Quebec and directed the RCMP Security Service to take "pro-active" measures in order to determine the exact status, power and plans of the Quebec Nationalists (Rosen, 2000)."
Abstract This paper explains that three types of commercials, aired during "CSI: Miami" on September 19, 2005, were aimed at selling female products, male products and the TV station itself. The author points out that these commercials were structured to appeal specifically to either males or females. The paper relates that commercials geared to attracting women are more populist in that they appeal to the female drive to visually fit in with the expectations of American society. The author states that commercials geared to attracting men are more elitist in that they are based on the motivation to have the bigger and better product so they will be the source of envy for others. The author underscores that both methods do not attempt to sell a product that the viewer may necessarily need, but rather sells the social implications that come with the acquisition of the product.
From the Paper "The clothing commercials flaunt women that are single digit sizes strutting around while men check them out in their brand new attractive JCPenny and Marshalls Fall wear. They are always smiling and laughing as they dance around looking very comfortable and self confident. The colors used in these commercials complement the models. Since it is an autumn line, the ad is filled with earth-tones. For example, a red haired model is wearing a red scarf and a brunette is wearing a brown sweater. The colors support the models to show them in their best light, thus amplifying the attractiveness of the clothing being sold."
Abstract The paper reveals that crime scene investigation is not totally devoid of drama, but lacks the glamor usually attributed to it in fictionalized accounts. The paper explains exactly what the position entails and shows how crime scene investigation is tough work, demanding rigorous attention to detail unparalleled by most other careers.
From the Paper "The life of a crime scene investigator (CSI) has been dramatized by movies and television shows, like the CSI series. Although much of the fiction is rooted in fact, television cannot capture the real world of crime scene investigation. Similarly, shows like CSI and its offshoots cannot accurately describe the life and career of a crime scene investigator. Crime scene investigation is not totally devoid of drama but lacks the glamor usually attributed to it in fictionalized accounts. Moreover, a crime scene investigation involves several people each with their own area or areas of expertise. Crime scene investigators are alternatively referred to as crime scene technicians, evidence technicians, forensic investigators, crime scene analysts, and several other terms that generally refer to the same basic job description (Baldwin 2006). The US Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics (2007) classifies crime scene investigators as forensic science technicians."
Abstract Learning organization is a term used to describe an organization in which individuals working together are able to expand significantly their own capacities, while at the same time strengthening and improving the culture of the organization for which they work. From technology to the increasing power of customers, the forces that have created the seismic changes in business today also serve as the foundation stones for the next generation of learning organizations. This paper identifies the path forged by a cultural change in an organization. It also looks at learning organization conceptually and then discusses some specific techniques of management innovation now being experimented by the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). These include strategic planning, re-engineering, total quality management, team management, and privatization.
From the Paper "So, the agenda for change came to have a double meaning. The management call for accountability meant wage freezes and downsizing. Delegation of authority and empowerment meant pushing responsibility and work further down the hierarchical chain -- more work, longer unpaid hours and fewer people. The renewal also meant rapid change, customer orientation, restructuring, as well as re-engineering of the huge agency. In no time the stresses created by an atmosphere of change and uncertainty began to affect the Senior Management Committee in Nov. 2002, with the introduction of the most severe budget cuts by the state legislature. As in many businesses and government departments, the senior managers ran their organizations like fiefdoms. In times of plenty the aggravations of this style of management could be dealt with, but when already strained resources were faced with a potential additional 30% reduction, all reactions of self-preservation were magnified."
Abstract The paper describes the ethical dilemmas in the field of forensic science involving DNA, validity of techniques, expert witnesses and lab procedures. The paper also describes solutions for these problems.
From the Paper "The issue of the forensic scientist's ethical struggle is one that is a lot more complicated and not as likely to have an easy solution. The American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) states that members "shall refrain from providing any material misrepresentation of education, training, experience or area of expertise (Fleckstein)." The AAFS gives general guidelines instead of telling members exactly how to act. While this gives some leeway in behavior, the code is still strict enough to steer individuals clear of any wrongdoing. The goal of forensic specialists is to provide unbiased scientific evidence based on data (Saviers)."
Abstract "This paper uses a coding system to analyze the content of three television programs, to consider the following research question: What are the percentages of the physical and verbal violence behavior, racism, and discrimination in these TV programs and how does it affect younger viewers? The three shows are episodes of "CSI," "Law & Order," and "The Closer," all shows with minimal violence but that cope with the aftermath of violence.
From the Paper "Violence on television programs is much criticized, especially for the effect it might have on younger viewers. There are different kinds of violence, and any analysis of programming should take this into account. An analysis if several programs showing now will consider the following research question: What are the percentages of the physical and verbal violence behavior, racism, and discrimination in these TV programs and how does it affect younger viewers? The programs selected are all directed at the general television audience. "
Abstract This study proposes to confirm the hypothesis that cohesion to a uniform training course by law enforcement officers and/or crime scene investigators will enhance collected evidence's validity in court as it increases accuracy and decreases errors. Additionally, the study examines and expands on research related to crime scene investigation, and examines relevant crime investigative tools, techniques and tactics, currently utilized by police officers and crime scene investigators.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Evidence Does Not Confirm That . . .
Aims and Objectives
Background
Literature Review
What the . . . ?
Methodology
Looking At and Narrowing Down Pieces
Results
Many, Yet Not One
Conclusions and Recommendations
The Beginning of the End
Aims and Objectives
Limitations
Recommendations
From the Paper "As digital data is easily destroyed, the main concern is to safeguard the integrity of evidence. Simply turning on a computer could cause irreparable harm as particular files have a date/time stamp that updates when the system boots up. The date/time he user last turned on the computer, a potentially, vital bit of information could be lost. (Ibid) Universal training to counter practices that could destroy evidence would help insure that evidence police officers and crime scene investigators collect will make it to court."
Abstract This paper reviews and discusses leadership in professional counseling. The paper focuses on the regulations of the Pennsylvania Counseling Association. The paper goes on to discuss the current issues facing professional counselors.
Outline:
A Look at the History of what is Required in Professional Counseling.
The Chi Sigma Iota (CSI) Offers its Philosophy of Leadership and Principals of Leadership Excellence.
Current Issues Facing Emerging Leaders.
From the Paper "The second issue is medical insurance reimbursement: According to the Minnesota Board of Behavioral Health and Therapy, there has been a great deal of "anger and frustration" and confusion over whether or not licensed professional counselors will be (or are now) able to be recognized as eligible for medical assistance (MA) reimbursement. This is a problem that is not unique to Minnesota, but in fact boards across the country are dealing with MA reimbursement issues. In the case of the Minnesota board, rumors have been circulating that insurance companies are not credentialing professional counselors; but the truth is, most insurance companies will indeed issue credentials to those professionals recognized as Mental Health Professionals under applicable state and federal laws. It may mean extra effort on the part of the individual to prove he or she has the required number of hours of supervised practice, and to access other appropriate documents, but if that is what will be necessary, then that is the bottom line; bureaucratic paperwork and red tape is part of a professional's life. "
Abstract The writer, as a licensed private investigator, offers an inside look at what happens when real life investigators and jurors rely on forensics information garnered from television dramas such as CSI. The writer identifies several consistent but problematic messages communicated through the C.S.I. dramas and shows how they present an incomplete picture of many different aspects of forensics and crime solving through science. The writer further contends that these dramas make the viewers feel that they possess valid knowledge, while in reality they lack substantive understanding of the realities of forensic investigation. The writer therefore blames the C.S.I. dramas for elevated and unrealistic expectations of the general public, and possibly law enforcement first responders.
From the Paper "In recent years I have followed the growing phenomenon tagged "The C.S.I effect" with great interest. Much commentary and research has been made available in several different venues regarding the perception that the television shows are indeed impacting our courtrooms and other institutions such as colleges and universities across our nation. While some studies seem to affirm a bonafide effect, others find no effect. The mixed bag of results can be confusing yet if you take the time to discuss the topic with anyone in the legal or criminal investigative field you will very likely find a strong opinion of the impact of the C.S.I. shows as seen from their perspective regardless of what the studies do or do not find."
Abstract This paper defines the customer and customer service and explains how meeting the needs of the customer and improving customer service is essential for any business to succeed. The paper explains Corporate Service Intelligence (CSI) and how it pertains to the success of ensuring customer service. The paper then describes customer satisfaction and how it is met by providing good customer service. Lastly this paper compares Japanese and US customer practices and perspectives.
Outline:
The Customer
Customer Service
Customer Satisfaction
Customer Loyalty
Customer Feedback
Japanese v. US Customer Practices and Perspectives
Conclusion
From the Paper "Japanese companies have notoriously had a superior attitude and alignment with customer service. This is due largely in part to the perspective approached by their companies as compared to those of the United States of America. Japanese hold harmony as a social ideal, patience as a personal virtue, and hierarchy as an essential organizing principle. Americans, in contrast, hold freedom as a social ideal, action-orientation as a personal virtue, and equality as a fundamental organizing principle. (Linowes 23) This creates a vastly different situation. In America employees are difficult to train, and must benefit from additional work or are not particularly willing to invest their time and effort. Japanese businesses however are able to count upon the social pressures established to keep their employees producing at maximum levels."
