Abstract This research study focuses on understanding the impact that the use of computer-supported-collaborative-learning (CSCL) tools have on the outcomes relating to the critical thinking skills of the student and the attitude that the student has toward the study of history as well as the achievement of the student in history class. This paper makes a general assessment of the impact that CSCL tools have on the development of the student's critical thinking in history education. More specifically, this research provides a cognitive map where future research efforts can be drawn so that the use of technology such as the CSCL tool will be facilitated during learning in history education. The research also specifically examines the extent of the effectiveness of scaffolding critical thinking process using a CSCL tool along with primary sources, to engage secondary school students in studying history.
Table of Content:
Problem Statement - History Education in schools
Dialogic Approach for Critical Thinking Lessons in History
Argumentation as a Dialogic Approach in History Education
Dialogic approach via Computer-Supported Collaborative Argumentation
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Introduction
Literature Review
Argumentation Defined
Three Perspectives of Argumentation
Argumentation - Role in Problem-Solving
Three Perspectives of Argumentation
Argumentation Role in Problem-Solving
Argumentation through Computer Supported Collaboration
Literature Review of CSCL Online Learning Model
Assessment of Online Learning
Emergence of Theories of CSCL Scaffolding with CSCL Tools
Tools for Collaboration
Effects of CSCL on Learning and Achievement
Advances in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning
Summary of Literature Reviewed
Research Design
Research Questions
Research Approach
Data Sources, Collection and Analysis
Schedule for the Research
Proposed Schedule and Procedure
Appendixes
Pre-Test Survey/Questionnaire
Post-Test Survey/Questionnaire
From the Paper "Despite the effectiveness of rubrics in assessing students' learning, developing an adequate rubric for a given course discussion requires time and multiple revisions. Primary consideration in developing a discussion, grading rubric identifies and establishes the goal or goals of the discussion. For example, some instructors want to use on-line discussion to help students learn argumentation techniques, whereas others might be more interested in students coming to consensus on a topic. Evidently different assessment rubrics would be needed to encourage each. "
Abstract This paper is a literature review which concentrates on the role of dialogic argumentation and it's paradoxical effects on generating higher levels of collaboration in both CSCL and CSA-based (common service architecture) online environments. The paper explains that dialogic argumentation has proven to be highly effective in teaching students how to be more capable of generating abstract thought and also taking historical constructs into the formation of entirely new reasoning and interpretation frameworks. The paper also points out that the use of scaffolding within CSCL teaching strategies has the potential of strengthening personalized learning strategies in addition to being a catalyst for more students gaining greater understanding of abstract concepts, thereby becoming more critical thinkers as a result. The paper then looks at the role of technology as an enabler of CSCL platforms and its influence on students' performance, motivation, and attitude.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining CSCL Learning Strategies Using Dialogic Argumentation
Developing Dialogic Argumentation as a Learning Strategy
Computer-Supported Collaboration Argumentation (CSCA) Effectiveness
The Paradox of CSCL Teaching Strategies: Argumentation Creates Collaboration
Creating Personalized Learning Strategies Using Scaffolding with CSCL Tools
Technology's Role as an Enabler of CSCL and Online Teaching Strategies
Implications of CSCL Strategies on Student Performance
Implications of CSCL Strategies on Student Attitude
Implications of CSCL Strategies on Student Satisfaction
Assessing CSCL Effectiveness as a Teaching Strategy
Summary
From the Paper "In the study the research issues of whether education was significantly contributing to the development of constructed-based learning in students showed that the attainment this level of academic performance was the exception versus the rule. The study began with the concept of students being able to understand the causal factors that lead to a more thorough understanding of history and its concepts. Dialogic approaches to teaching history need to include the how and why things happened in the past, identify what information is reliable, reflect on the information and make sound conclusions (Gagnon, 1989)."
Abstract In this article, the writer explains that CSCL offers a unique opportunity to engage learners in the study of history and to animate historical information enhancing learning and acquisition of knowledge for the learners. This study is designed to provide information concerning the underlying nature of scaffolding strategies in computer-supported collaborative learning. The writer discusses how scaffolding based on CSCL can deliver exceptional results in enriching students with more valuable educations than merely memorizing dates, names, locations, and other mechanized forms of knowledge that will not help them become critical, discerning thinkers in the future. The writer concludes that ultimately the need is to position history as a subject that has a very high level of vitality associated with it, one that has the potential of revolutionizing their perspective and view of the world by contributing entirely new frameworks and analytical constructs by which students can make sense of a rapidly changing world.
Outline:
Problem Statement -History Education in Singaporean Schools
Dialogic Approach for Critical Thinking in History Lesson
Argumentation as a Dialogic Approach in History Education
Dialogic Approach via Computer-Supported Collaborative Argumentation
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
From the Paper "Another approach which Wright (2002) has mentioned is that of infusion. In this approach, critical thinking is incorporated into different subject matters in various ways. Existing lesson plans are being restructured in many subject areas to incorporate critical thinking. Means have also been developed so that any subject matter can be given a critical thinking focus. Also, integration of critical thinking into history materials is one of the ways by which infusion was done by the proponents of the method. The disadvantage however is that with the infusion method, the teaching of critical thinking loses sensible sequence or coherence because of a little of everything is taught and therefore the student does not learn how to have a mastery of a particular subject. Also, to be able to work out infusion effectively, there should be an efficient coordination between social studies teachers and teachers of other subject areas so that the basics of critical thinking would be all covered in an intelligent way."
Abstract This paper discusses the relationship between the knowledge configuration and the buildup of cognitive skills, particularly critical thinking skills. It discusses the bridge that needs to be formed between what the students already know and how this prior knowledge can help them understand and use the latest and emerging topics in the field. It also looks at the use of interactive mechanisms that can relate the theoretical comprehension and the practical use in interaction of these theories.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Using Solo-User Programs In Collaborative Environments
Using Collaboration Process For Learning
Using Networking Tools For Collaborative Learning
Using LAN Systems For Collaborative Learning
Using Electronic Mails For Collaborative Learning
Using Internet For Collaborative Learning
Combining Multi-Program Systems For Collaborative Learning
Synthesis Of Research On CSCL Using CSILE For Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills
Using Belvedere For Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills
Using CoVis For Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills
Using Telecomunicando For Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills
Conclusions
From the Paper "Computer Supported Collaborative Learning is very much related to the advancements and modifications in the approach towards education and teaching. We have discussed how some researchers highly favor the CSCL mechanism and have carried out studies that have made it come across as the most efficient ridge between education and technology. The two most important factors supporting CSCL are that it was the first to initiate the use of computer technology to improve the value of education and broaden the spectrum of the social interaction of students as well as teachers. All computer based programs that that were designed for individual improvement also proved to be useful in group dynamics. Also, when the computer-based programs offer the students and the teachers the opportunity to work in group dynamics through networks or public databases or internet conferencing, the growth and enhancement of the social interaction and understanding does become more apparent. Networking also helps the students and the teachers to indulge in joint ventures and constantly design and construct more and more educational as well as scientific theories, inquiries, tactics, etc (Jarvela et al, 1999)."
A research proposal examining online learning management systems, specifically the computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) model and how it assists learning.
Abstract This research proposal paper discusses online learning management systems. It suggests that the combining of pragmatic and proven theoretical concepts that lead to long-term retention of knowledge are possible through the use of learning management systems frameworks. The paper focuses on the computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) model and how it assists learning.
Table of Contents:
Literature Review
Research Design and Methodology
Data Gathering
From the Paper "In addition to CSCL being the independent variable that is tracked through a test/re-test methodology for its effects on learning, the two dependent variables in this study will also be measured and tested for statistical significance. The first is students' attitude toward the study of the specific subject of interest measured by questionnaires designed by the researcher. These questionnaires looked at factors such as students' perception of their achievement in the specific study area and students' attitude toward learning the subject after using CSCL. The second dependent variable is the students' achievement in the subject of interest as measured by their pre- and post-test results. Through both pre-and post-class testing these two dependent variables will be measured and introduced into the statistical analysis at the conclusion of the analysis."
Abstract The study examines the extent of the effectiveness of the scaffolding critical thinking process, using a computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) tool along with primary sources to engage secondary school students in studying history. The paper explains that using this method, the teacher provides the student with some type of assistance to complete a task or learn a concept. Gradually, the "scaffold" is removed until the student is doing it on his or her own. The study refers to literature in two areas; the rapidly growing research base supporting the use of critical thinking in the history classroom and the commentary related to the use of the CSCL tool in the scaffolding critical thinking process.
Outline:
Objective
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Introduction
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Review of the Literature
Overview of Methodology
Results of the Study
From the Paper "The work of Gibson and McKay states that: In today's technologically driven society information has taken on a new importance as a commodity (Diem, 1997). The endless, rapid flood of information and disinformation is causing a great deal of confusion and frustration; those who are ill equipped to handle the information overload run the risk of falling behind those who have embraced the latest computer technologies (Titus, 1994) More and more pressure is being placed on schools to ensure mastery of technological skills essential to survival in this new society."
Abstract This paper reviews and discusses the impact of using a computer-supported collaborative learning tool to develop students' critical thinking skills. The paper uses the subject of history to illustrate the effectiveness of computer-supportive collaborative learning tools. The paper also takes a look at various literary articles discussing this subject.
Outline:
Statement of the Problem
Background
Critical-Thinking' Defined
Theoretical Framework
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
From the Paper "The work of Lehtinen et al (2004) entitled: "Computer Supported Collaborative Learning: A Review" states that: One of the basic requirements for education in the future is to prepare learners for participation in a networked, information society in which knowledge will be the most critical resource for social and economic development. Educational institutions are being forced to find better pedagogical methods to cope with these new challenges. In this development it is expected that computers could play an important role in restructuring teaching and learning processes to be better prepared for future challenges. Computer-supported collaborative learning is one of the most promising ideas to improve teaching and learning with the help of modern information and communication technology."(2004) According to Lehtinen, et al, two traditions of research that have contributed to the development of ideas surrounding computer-supported collaborative learning are those of (1) cooperative learning; and (2) Computer-Supported Collaborative Work The work of Slavin (1997) presents four major theoretical perspectives which explain the achievement effects in the cooperative learning initiative which are those of: (1) motivational; (2) social cohesion; (3) developmental; and (4) cognitive elaboration. "
Abstract This paper provides a coding scheme for an online discussion forum of Chinese history that would be concerned with the strengths and weaknesses of emperors and leaders of that nation and their use of strategies to enforce ideological views during their reigns.
Outline:
Background
Foundations for Defining a Coding Scheme
Coding Scheme Definition
From the Paper "Typically when students on online discussion forums are argumentative and pervasive, the level of rationality of arguments is shown. In devising a coding scheme specifically on this dimension, authors Habermas and Cohen both state that the best approach to coding this attribute is to devise this variable into two states, that of reasoning and logic of the specific argumentative or persuasive component, and for the second, the reasons that the persuasive arguments are framed and presented from the standpoint of the current good. In the context of the current discussion forums being evaluated, there are many debates as to who is the best ruler of China from historical analysis, in addition to an elite-level status of a select group of rulers. This specific variable as part of the coding scheme, rationality, captures the logic and reason of how the collective group of students is first defining this "elite" level class to begin with, and second, defining how history will ultimately view their contributions to Chinese society."
