Abstract This paper is a literature review on copingstrategies for parents and caregivers of autistic children. The paper studies the issue from theoretical and empirical perspectives. The paper reviews the perspectives of coping theorists, and details their theoretical framework. The paper concludes with a discussion of other copingstrategies.
From the Paper "In this chapter, coping strategies will be explored from theoretical and empirical perspectives. As defined by Lazarus and Folkman, coping strategies are defined as methods employed by people to deal with situations that require..."
Abstract In 'CopingStrategies Used by the Relatives of People with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder', Stengler, Wenzke, Trosbach, Dietrich, and Angermeyer (2004) collectively conducted a qualitative study of the coping mechanisms employed by the family members of individuals who suffer from OCD. This essay attempts to understand as fully as possible the burden that is placed on those individuals in caring for OCD victims both in the sense of responsibility but also psychosocial ramifications.
Abstract This paper examines what stress is, both positive and negative, looks at the history of how society has typically dealt with stress, and then discusses several of the commonly recommended copingstrategies that are used in the mental health field.
From the Paper "For many years, the mental health profession has studied stress and its impact on people. After watching how stress occurs, who it affects and what it means, experts have agreed that stress is an unavoidable fact of life. Following this decision, the experts then moved to define types of stress. Since it cannot be avoided, it became important to identify whether it is negative or positive and then figure out how to handle it. Today, the focus is no longer on denying its existence, but instead on developing coping strategies to lessen the negative impact it might otherwise have on one's life."
Abstract This paper studies and reviews copingstrategies for mothers of autistic children. The paper begins by discussing the stressors faced by the mothers. Next the paper describes the results of cognitive defects in children. The paper includes a qualitative review of four published studies on the topic.
From the Paper "This study identified and explored the effectiveness of the coping strategies used by mothers of children with autism. By using a qualitative review of four published studies that incorporated interviews of mothers of children with autism this research..."
Abstract In this paper, the writer discusses that the issue of stress and anxiety that is linked to relationship betrayal and breakdown poses a particular challenge to contemporary psychological and relationship counseling. The paper presents an overview of the problem of infidelity and relationship breakdown mainly in the context of modern developed countries like the Unites States - while reference is also made to the permutations of the problem in other countries in the world. The central focus of this paper, however, is on the way that stress and anxiety can be dealt with in the two gender groups. This refers to the differences and similarities in the way that stress and anxiety is experienced by men and women; and the way that they cope with the trauma of divorce and infidelity. The last section of the paper deals with counseling strategies and methods of dealing with this issue, as well as some theoretical stances and trajectories that has been found to be useful in this regard.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Extent of the Problem
Psychological and other Consequences
Differences in Gender in Relation to Stress and Anxiety
CopingStrategies General CopingStrategies and Advice
CopingStrategies for Women
Self-Esteem
CopingStrategies of Men
Counseling and Stress Reduction
Conclusion
Reference List
From the Paper " The above view underlines a cardinal aspect of the way that divorce in particular, as well as other forms of relationship breakdown, negatively influences a wide circle of people. The effect that relationship breakdown has on the family and on children is a significant factor in determining the extent of the problem, in that these aspects can add to and increase stress and anxiety. In other words, in the assessment of the extent and range of the effects of marital breakdown, the other individuals who are affected beside the man and woman, tend to contribute to the overall situation and to the stress and anxiety factors. For example, children may become disruptive as result of the stress of the relationship conflict, which in turn leads to an increase in the problematics of the situation."
Abstract The paper notes that hurricane Katrina disrupted lives unlike other natural disasters and comments that the effects of Katrina are ongoing and have resulted in permanent changes in many people's lives. The paper presents the rationale and methods for conducting a study that assesses the types and effectiveness of coping methods used by seniors, aged 60-70 in the New Orleans area. The paper highlights that the sample population for this study differs from similar studies conducted in the aftermath of Katrina, as it examines those that evacuated and then returned to rebuild. The paper discusses clues to coping mechanisms that can help other survivors of traumatic events to better cope with such an ordeal.
Outline:
Background of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study to Leadership
Nature of the Study
Hypothesis and Research Questions
Conceptual Framework
Assumptions
Scope, Limitations and Delimitations
Summary
Theoretical Background
What Determines Resilience?
Positive Emotions and Resiliency
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Resiliency
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Coping Abilities
Expectancy Theory and Resiliency
Leadership Theories and Resiliency
What is known about copingstrategies?
Other Variables that May Affect the Study
Disaster Response
Conclusion
Research Method and Design Appropriateness
Sample Population
Research Instrument
Data Collection
Internal Validity
External Validity
Data Analysis
Summary
From the Paper "Older people may have difficulty meeting the documentation requirements due to age related difficulties. In addition, their special needs status group is disproportionately affected by any mass disaster. People recovering from Hurricane Katrina developed problems coping with the remnants of the disaster. According to a study done by UCLA, federal officials estimate that 500,000 people are in need of mental health services because of Hurricane Katrina. The onset of mental problems emerged in the New Orleans area, as people who managed to take care of themselves prior to the hurricane found themselves dependent upon social programs."
Abstract The paper attempts to identify how the psychological needs of UK secondary school teaching staff can be met. The report includes an outline detailing common stressors encountered by teachers and a review of how in-school leadership can help in the reduction of the common stressors. The paper also discusses how the leaders can be supported and looks at the development of a program that will take a top down approach to reduction of stress at work in the UK.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Results of Occupational Stress
Sources of Stress
Development of Multiple Intelligences/Multiple Dimensions
Stressors Identified
Scottish Council for Research in Education (1993)
CopingStrategies Systemic Failure Identified
Factors Intrinsic to Teaching
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "International literature has established the fact that one of the most stressful of all professions is that of the teacher. The work of Cooper (1988) which classifies occupations by the degree of stress for the employee indicates that "as far as the occupations of social welfare are concerned, teachers experience the highest levels of stress...." Cooper states that evidence exists showing that factors of "stress and burnout" are apt to result in mental and physical problems with health which may ultimately: "....impair the quality of teaching." (1988) Other study findings include those documenting stress levels so intense that UK teachers have committed or attempted to commit suicide because of workload stress."
Abstract Discusses how people create a sanctuary to shield themselves and their families, various examples of copingstrategies, and the importance of hospitality in a family home.
From the Paper "On September 11, 2001, the United States experienced a terrorist attack that left thousands of people dead and millions more fearful that terrorism, previously believed to be largely confined to other regions of the world, ..."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that domestic violence has become an epidemic in the United States of America. The writer points out that nearly all of domestic violence complaints are between intimate partners with the majority of violence targeting women. The writer focuses on the long-lasting effects that domestic violence has on the women in the United States. The writer discusses the effects that domestic violence has on women as well as the copingstrategies that women use to deal with the psychological stress. The writer maintains that more programs and resources need to be made available to women suffering from domestic violence. Tougher penalties need to be placed on the batterers of these women in order to try and deter the violence. The writer concludes that until there is a change, every year thousands of women will die by the hands of their partners.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Attribution for the abuse is the victim's perception of what caused her abuse. These factors include internal and external blame. Self-blame is when the victim feels she is responsible for the abuse and will not be as likely to abuse her child. On the other hand externalized blame is when the woman puts the blame on the batterer and is then more likely to abuse her own child. In addition another cognitive variable is the victim's attachment style. The attachment style of the victim is how she tends to bond with others. Attachment styles can be broken up into two categories secure and insecure. There are two types of insecure attachment styles which are preoccupied and fearful. Preoccupied style is when a person has a negative view towards themselves and a positive view of other people in which they rely on for support. Fearful attachment style is when a person has a negative view of both themselves and others. These people tend to avoid close relationships because they have a fear of rejection. These insecure attachment styles have been linked to child abuse potential."
Abstract This paper addresses the various coping techniques that individuals can employ when dealing with cancer themselves or dealing with a loved one who has the disease. Moreover, this paper also addresses how a diagnosis of cancer can dramatically change not only the life of the person with cancer but the lives of those who love and care about him or her as well.
From the Paper "According to the American Cancer Society, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Half of all men and one-third of all women in the U.S. will develop cancer during their lifetimes. Today, millions of people are living with cancer or have had cancer. The numbers are dismal; according to most statistical data American's possess almost a fifty percent chance of developing cancer. With these alarming statistics it is unfortunate and inevitable that almost everyone will have to in some way or another learn how face and cope with the depressing hardships and obstacles of cancer. Whether an individual is diagnosed personally with cancer or a friend or family member is, it seems as though all of us at some point in time may have to learn coping mechanisms for this illness."
Abstract This paper discusses the business strategy of the FedEx Corporation and explains that the goal of the strategy was to adapt to the business environment and to help the company gain a competitive advantage on the market. The paper specifically focuses on FedEx's business strategy with regard to human resources. The paper describes and analyzes this aspect of the strategy and then discusses methods to measure human resource management practices and activities.
Outline:
About FedEx
The Business Strategy HR and the Business Strategy Possibilities to Increase the Alignment of HR Practices to Business Strategy Measures to be Considered to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Relevant HR Processes
From the Paper "By operating independently, each company can focus exclusively on delivering the best service for its specific market. It appears that the main strategy adopted by the company may be subsumed by the phrase "offering more services to more places". It becomes transparent that the company is involved in a permanent process of change and diversification. Armstrong (2006) identified two important types of change: strategic and operational. The operational change refers to the implementation of new systems, procedures, structures and technologies with impact upon the organization and its employees. Strategic change deals with "broad, long-term and organization-wide issues" (Armstrong 2006, p. 344). Such form of change involves moving to a future state defined in terms of strategic vision and objectives."
Abstract This paper discusses the work of Michael Porter and looks at his books, "Competitive Strategy" and "Competitive Advantage" in which he identifies two basic types of competitive advantage a firm can possess. The author discusses how many strategies there are and whether firms who follow only one strategy are 'stuck in the middle'.
Outline:
Introduction
Cost Leadership
Porter's Typology
Differentiation
Focus
Focus as a Separate Strategy Cost focus
Differentiation Focus
'Stuck in the Middle'
Conclusion
From the Paper "In his books, Competitive Strategy (1980) and Competitive Advantage (1985) Michael Porter has identified two basic types of competitive advantage a firm can possess; low cost or differentiation. Moreover, he has formulated three generic competitive strategies aimed at achieving competitive advantage; namely, cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategies. Porter (1980) has also described a low profitability strategy which he called 'Stuck in the Middle'. At that time, the notion of generic strategy was very appealing as it seemed to offer the theoretical basis in an area which previously lacked solid theoretical foundations (Murray, 1988).
"In spite of the extensive empirical evidence which support Porter's (1980) typology of generic strategies, there has been much discussion and criticism for its conceptual limitations (Kotha & Vadlamani, 1995). It has been suggested that the focus strategy is just a special case of cost leadership or product differentiation and, therefore, there are only two competitive strategies. In this essay I will discuss how many strategies there are and whether firms who do not follow only one strategy are 'stuck in the middle'. In the following section I will review Porter's (1980) typology of the three generic strategies."
Abstract This paper discuses the many facets of human capital strategy and its effect on organizations including methodologies for diagnosing an organization's human capital situation by using balanced scorecards, human capital modeling, benchmarking and metrics. The author reviews a human capital strategy for Wal-Mart as a hypothetical example demonstrating how the strategy, methodology and approach must be tailored to an individual organization. The paper presents best practice cases as a source of knowledge and expertise and stresses that human capital strategy is a must in today's organizations.
From the Paper "Human resources (HR )departments are undergoing a transformation in this century from entities that viewed people as being a cost to the organization to entities that recognize people as an asset to the organization."
Tags: human capital, human resources, strategy, methodology, approach, organizations, diversity, employee, retention, management, talent management, human capital management, human capital measurement, Ron Heifetz, Donald Laurie, balanced scorecard, HR, human c
Abstract This paper is about leadership and strategy and includes from Sun Tzu five "laws of Leadership" and five "laws of strategy." Each law is buttressed by a (brief) verbatim reference to The Art of War.
From the Paper "Leadership and Strategy. Sun Tzu was born in the Chinese state of Ch'i during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history and is believed to have authored "The Art of War" sometime during the fourth century BCE. Many great Chinese philosophers lived during this time including Confucius Mencius and Lao Tzu. Charles Rarick explains in SAM Advanced Management Journal, that the legend is that Sun Tzu's manuscript attracted the attention of King Ho-luof Wu who requested an audience with the author."
Tags: Leadership, and, Strategy, Sun, Tzu, five, laws of Leadership, and, five, laws of strategy, The, Art, of, War.
A paper discussing how to formulate a purchasing strategy for an organization that actually supports the profit center and primary line of business of that organization.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, 2006, $ 53.95
Abstract This paper discusses the formulation of a unified purchasing strategy for a given organization. Particular emphasis is given to the integration of a statement of work (SOW) into the unified purchasing strategy in a way that ensures both optimum performance and contractor compliance. Additionally, the SOW should be organized around a performance orientation and the entire purchasing strategy needs to be integrated into the business strategy of the organization itself.
From the Paper "Purchasing strategies should, ideally, be linked to overall corporate strategy and organizational objectives as they are outlined by the enterprise's executive leadership. The implication is that purchasing strategies are a component of overall strategy development and not simply tasks that are left to low-level management to simply figure out. The corporate mechanisms that should be utilized to develop purchasing strategies that match these formulaic criteria are use of a steering committee that would outline the project management oriented research, benchmarks and milestones involved in the process as well as formulate a definitive set of objectives (Lowson, 2002)."
