Abstract This paper discusses that when Madam C.J. Walker "made straight hair 'good hair," in doing so, she made a fortune for herself. The writer describes how her business also managed to create a decent standard of living for a work force of "agents" that numbered 20,000 in the U.S. and the Caribbean". This paper discusses the life and business of Madam C.J. Walker, in the context of her times and the hair care and beauty business.
From the Paper "At the turn of the century many women had need for income-producing employment despite limitations placed on them because of their gender. Many of them took advantage of a growing commercial and service economy and changes in cultural perceptions about what was acceptable for a lady to do to enhance her appearance. Madam C. J. Walker made straight hair good hair and in doing so made a fortune for herself and a decent standard of living for a work force of agents that ... "
Tags: African american, beauty, cosmetics, entrepreneur, female businesspersons, black pride
Abstract This paper explains the fact that Madame Walker, a millionaire who laid the foundation of America's first black plutocratic dynasty, is certainly incredible because she came from poverty, was orphaned at the age of six, and had no formal education. Walker's story is a fairy-tale that inspired an entire generation of black Americans to think beyond their limitations and to have faith in the future. The author points out that Walker created a market niche for black hair-straightening products by creating the amazing "Wonderful Hair Grower" and 23 other products, with annual gross earnings as high as $276,000 in 1917, employing around 3,000 employees, most of whom were females. The paper relates that a documentary film titled, "Two Dollars and a Dream," by Stanley Nelson, chronicles the life and struggles of Walker, the grande dame of personal hair care service and a source of inspiration for millions of women around the world.
From the Paper "Walker had developed a strict code of conduct for women which was meant to empower females especially blacks. There was a respectable uniform that they were made to wear, consisting of white blouses and long black skirts. These uniforms helped in identification of Walker employees, these salespersons thus became a symbol of entrepreneurship and success for others in the downtrodden black areas. These uniforms also helped lure other females to the workforce and this helped in revolutionizing the way black women saw themselves and their future."
Abstract In his book ,"The Lost Continent: The Story of Atlantis," C.J. Cutcliffe Hyne presents a fantastic world where mammoths and dinosaurs roam free alongside ancient Atlantians, whose empire stretches from Egypt's Nile Valley to Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. This paper discusses the story and summarizes the plot.
From the Paper "Nais secretly gives Deucelion shelter among the rebels. Shortly after he awakes, Zaemon comes to speak to the rebels. They tell him that they no longer wish to be ruled by priests or tyrants, that they are their own rulers. However, Zaemon tells them that the gods have punished them for this sort of hubris. According to him, it is because the people of Atlantis no longer venerated the gods that Phorenice rose to power and now tormented them. Soon, the crowd realizes that Deucelion is a stranger among them and take him for a spy."
Abstract In C.J. Koch's, "The Year of Living Dangerously", Billy Kwan is an achondroplastic dwarf who seems to be at war with himself and ill-fitted for membership in any one group or ideology. This paper explores Billy's tormented existence and argues that his crisis of identity and his crisis of political philosophy are deeply entwined.
From the Paper "To start with, it must be noted that Billy Kwan resembles, at least in his physiognomy, the Indonesian locals who view all of the pale-faced foreigners in Jakarta with such disdain (Koch, 22). Beyond that, Billy seems to be uncomfortably straddling two worlds - his father was Chinese, his mother Australian - and this leads to a crisis of sorts at the center of his being. As Wally notes at one point when discussing his diminutive sometimes drinking partner, "He's not sure whether he is (Chinese) or not" (Koch, 4). This is a remarkably telling passage inasmuch as 1965 - the year wherein the story is held - is right around the time when the People's Revolution is inflaming China and turning that nation's ancient society upside down; not to be passed over lightly, it is also a time wherein Mao has turned the structure of the state towards Marxism. "
Abstract This paper compares the educational theories and views of John Dewey and J. E. Stone. The paper also argues that Stone's theory is superior to Dewey's because it is less rigid.
From the Paper "John Dewey is of course widely recognized as one of the key theorists in American education. J. E. Stone, a less well known educator and theorist, is a contemporary writer and analyst who has proposed an alternative to Dewey's construction of the foundation of educational practice and pedagogy known as developmentalism. Stone traces the roots of developmentalism to earlier work by, among others, Jean Jacques Rousseau Dewey and Jean Piaget. In this brief essay the ideas of Dewey..."
Tags: Dewey, J.E> Stone, educational theory developmentalism
Abstract This paper traces the development of the J.C. Penney Company, an American department store chain founded in 1902, from its origin in Kemmerer, Wyoming, to its expansion into one of the most powerful discount merchandise and general retail companies in the U.S.A. J.C. Penney has stores in nearly every major metropolis nationwide, the largest catalog business, an Internet store and home furnishing television shows; however, the author states, Penney is not immune from the effects of the economic down turn. The paper describes the ways that this company is managing by rethinking its current structure and market campaigns, by opening and closing stores and by laying off employees.
Table of Contents:
Recent History of J.C. Penney
Success at the Turn of the Century
Economic Woes for the Corporation
J.C. Penney in the Market
From the Paper 'Although the company exhibits much higher grosses after buying out a number of smaller corporations, the profit J.C. Penney experiences after selling those corporation's products under its own name are not as great, as much of the earnings are due to the manufacturers and original corporations. In addition, the recent economic woes have also taken a serious toll on the J.C. Penney organization, as consumers are not as plentiful as they were just a few years ago. J.C. Penney continues, however, to offer new products, and merge with older companies."
Tags: competition, discount merchandising, shopping malls, store closings, brand
An analysis of the causes of the Boer War (1899-1902), exploring the roles of the gold-mining magnates, the British and Transvaal governments and individuals such as Joseph Chamberlain, Cecil J. Rhodes and Alfred Milner.
Abstract This essay argues that although the mining magnates had a significant part to play in the build up to the South African War (1899-1902), the underlying causes of the war were the respective governments of Britain and the Transvaal. The paper shows that Joseph Chamberlain, Alfred Milner and C.J. Rhodes may have all contributed, but the cause of the war was greater than the actions of individuals and was the result of regional rivalry and governmental policy.
From the Paper "As with all the principal actors involved in Transvaal politics preceding the Boer War, the gold-mining magnates certainly had a part to play in its causes. Indeed, it would be a difficult task to attribute the Boer War to a single actor, as each of the main contributors played a significant role. Most histories instead attempt to single out the primary driving force behind the war. Since the end of the war different analyses have focused on different issues; the gold-mining magnates, the respective governments in London or Pretoria, the role of the Uitlanders, the individual actions of actors such as Kruger, Milner, Rhodes or Chamberlain, and international financiers. The problem with assigning too much significance to one of these actors is that none of them were in complete control of the situation, and all relied, at least in part, upon the actions of others. Nevertheless, solely naming the different factors achieves little; it is important to try to root out the principal force. Certainly, although it now seems unlikely that the gold-mining magnates were the primary cause of the Boer War, they played an important role, even after the Jameson Raid in 1895."
Abstract This paper discusses and analyzes the topic of the C and C++ programming languages. Specifically, it discusses some common applications of the language. C, and its derivative, C++, two of the most commonly-used programming languages in the world. They are versatile, easy to work with, and help the programmer create complicated yet functional programs for the end-user.
From the Paper "The C programming language was developed for large-scale applications, and it is still used extensively in the UNIX environment. It is also heavily utilized in computer games. Initially, C was developed to program and organize the UNIX operating system in the 1970s. As the language evolved, it was used (and still is used) extensively to program personal computers (PCs), and develop programs for them. Originally, C was developed for use in applications that had little space for memory. C uses very little memory, and so it was perfect for these applications. As one expert writes about the language, "Yet it was designed to allow programmers to do heavy-duty 'systems' programming, working on such basic software plumbing as operating systems, compilers, and the like" (Lohr 79). Many experts have compared C to FORTRAN, because it opened up a whole wealth of applications in higher-level languages. FORTRAN gave the programmer the opportunity to program larger machines with bigger programs, especially in engineering and scientific applications."
This paper reviews and analyzes the leadership styles of the various leaders and CEOs of the IBM Company from Thomas J. Watson Sr. in 1914 and up to its current CEO Samuel J. Palmisano.
Abstract This paper details and examines the leadership, history, vision, values and general business practices of the IBM Company. This paper traces the origins of the IBM Company back to 1880s and not 1911 as is commonly thought. This paper provides a comprehensive profile of IBM's present CEO Samuel J. Palmisano while focusing on his leadership style and numerous accomplishments throughout his career. This paper discusses the previous leaders at IBM's helm while also listing their contributions to the company including those of Thomas J. Watson Sr., Thomas J. Watson Jr. and Frank T. Cary amongst others. This paper explores how IBM's corporate success led to the publication of Stephen F. Covey's "The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People" and its impact on the business community. This paper also examines the IBM Company as a business leader which has always been interested and involved in the welfare of its more than 30,000 employees worldwide. This paper discusses the company's concern for the global environment as well as its world renowned reputation for high ethical standards and corporate responsibility.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
IBM - The Company
IBM's Current Leadership
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "The company has always been extremely interested in its employees, its corporate vision and values, and the global environment, and the many programs and corporate sponsorships the company has created illustrate this. The company has always been known for its high ethical standards and corporate responsibility. During World War II, when the company created many items for national defense, including bombsites, the company only took a 1 percent profit on these items, and turned the money into a fund to help widows and children of IBM workers killed in the war. They have long contributed to educational funds, and they were one of the first corporations to offer "employee group life insurance, survivor benefits, and paid vacations" ("About IBM"). IBM is an innovator in technology, but also in the internal corporate environment, and that is another reason they are a successful 21st century corporation. They have high standards for themselves and their employees, and it shows in how they do business and their corporate responsibility."
Abstract This paper explains that there are many different styles of writings which are developed from the author's appropriate word choice, varied rhythm, effective placement and choice of modifiers, appropriate transitions, effective and creative use of punctuation, variation of sentence length and a logical hierarchical placement of detail. The author examines the style of V.C Andrews by using a paragraph from her books "Flower's in the Attic", "Heaven" and "My Sweet Audrina". The paper relates that, while Andrews was alive, she only finished six books but her family hired a ghost writer by the name of Andrew Neiderman. However, the author feels that there is a difference between her writing style and that of her ghost.
Table of Contents
Definition of Style
V.C Andrews' "Flower's in the Attic"
V.C Andrews' "Heaven"
V.C Andrews' "My Sweet Audrina"
Ghost Writer Andrew Neiderman
From the Paper "Yes, I do believe his work is very good. He can still see feel the anguish of what they are going through. But I don't think his writings are as dramatic as Andrews. He doesn't use the every day language and modifiers as she does. I think in a way they do portray the same things. For example, all of the main characters want to be happy, instead it takes a long time for that to happen. And in the process, several of the other character's are destroyed, with no intent on the main character. Something always happens to the one who is terrifying the main character."
Abstract This paper first defines and analyzes the Republican Party coalition of 1994 and then moves to the thought and writings of Theodore J. Lowi. The author states that Lowi's school of thought has promoted disunity among the democratic masses of the United States because Lowi forgot the diverse segments within the politics of the United States.
Table of Content
Background
About Theodore J. Lowi
Summary of Lowi's Reasoning and Argument and the Negative Affects
Theodore J. Lowi's Overview on Liberalism
Lowi's Definition of Liberalism
A Wider Meaning
The New Liberalism and its Outcome
The Emergence of Conservatism from Liberalism
How Liberalism Nationalized Conservatism
The Flawed Coalition
Conclusion
Flaws in Lowi's Views and its Negative Effects on Democracy
From the Paper "Theodore J. Lowi, the John L. Senior Professor of American Institutions at Cornell University, is a highly acclaimed political scientist and an expert on the American presidency. He was the former President of the American Political Science Association (1998). Lowi's works are primarily ideological exegesis. He has written numerous books, including ?The End of Liberalism,? "Democrats Return to Power: Politics and Policy in the Clinton Era" and ?The Pursuit of Justice,? which was co-authored with Robert F. Kennedy."
Abstract This paper discusses how reading the poetry of E. J. Pratt is like reading a story about life in Canada. E.J. Pratt is considered to be one of Canada's best poets. This paper provides a brief biography of E.J. Pratt in order to understand why most of his poems show Canada with its struggles between life and death.
Abstract C.I.F. contracts refer to cost, insurance and freight for the international sales of goods where the seller accepts responsibility for arranging insurance. The cost of the insurance is charged in the invoice itself and is prepared by the seller. This paper examines the impact of a C.I.F. contract on determining prices, the exchanging of property and risks and methods outlined under this type of contract. The paper concludes that C.I.F. contracts provide a usable agreement for international trade between different countries and clearly delineates the responsibilities of both the buyer and seller.
From the Paper "C.I.F. contracts like any other contract outline the defined role that the buyer and seller play in exchanging money for goods. The key here is that this instrument if used for the international sale of goods and is an effort to make the process easier. It is only one of several incoterms that deal with such matters as which party is responsible for the transport of goods, who pays the insurance and who pays custom fees, etc.
There is an element of risk on both parts from the moment the shipment leaves one port until it reaches its final destination. Having clear documentation in the form of a C.I.F. contract has established standards for efficiently moving goods between countries."
Abstract This paper looks at how the C.T. Scanner is a sophisticated type of x-ray machine, which rather than sending out one wide single x-ray sends out a number of beams from various angles simultaneously. It compares the C.T. Scanner with the M.R.I. Scanner, which uses magnets and radio waves instead of radiation and discusses how the M.R.I. Scanner gives greater detail for soft tissues; whereas the C.T. Scanner gives a clearer picture of the bones.
From the Paper "Research also shows that Robert Ledley was the first person to devise a scanner that was able to scan the whole body. This was to revolutionize diagnostic medicine. The first model, that was actually used for diagnosis and built by Doctor Ledley was called an A.C.T.A .Scanner and was used clinically at Georgetown University Hospital in the USA from 1974 - 1978. This machine is now a part of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica Almanac, 2003, the mathematical base of CAT screening was devised in 1963-64 by Allan Cormack of the United States and the first C.T. scan machine was built in 1972 by Godfrey Hounsfield of the U.K.."
