Abstract This paper explains that, on August 22, 1996, President Clinton signed into law "The Personal Responsibility an Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-193), which has been described as a comprehensive, bipartisan welfare reform plan that dramatically changed the nation's welfare system into one requiring work in exchange for time-limited assistance. The author points out that President Clinton had previously vetoed welfare reform bill (H.R.4) submitted by Congress because it did too little to move people into jobs and failed to provide supports, such as child care and health care, that families need to move from welfare to work. The paper contains a detailed chronograph of the passage of the bill through the House and the Senate and examples of correspondence to encourage congressmen to support the bill.
From the Paper "President Clinton stated that the new law required several improvements. Specifically, he wanted to fix two provisions of the welfare bill which he believed had nothing to do with welfare reform-Food Stamps and Legal Immigrants. According to the President, the new law cut deeper than it should in Food Stamps. The law includes provisions that would deny most forms of public assistance to most legal immigrants for five years or until they attain citizenship. The President has said that legal immigrants who fall on hard times through no fault of their own and need help should get it, although their sponsors should take additional responsibility for them."
Abstract In this paper the author provides a brief summary and explanation of the Congressional bill H.R.4278 which was passed for funds appropriation in the fiscal year ending 30th September 1997. The author examines all of the key issues that were discussed and cleared. The paper provides an objective point of view of these issues which are considered highly political and volatile. The four main issues that the author looks at are peacekeeping, legislation, the gun bill and the parks bill. The author gives a comprehensive and clear perspective of each of these important issues.
From the Paper "According to the "GUN OWNERS ASSOCIATION" (GOA) a reliable organization in these matters of Guns if a citizen passes through a zone with a loaded gun not locked in its container the citizen can face up to 5(five) years in prison. The definition of "school" also underwent a change to include a home school too. Only citizens having an authorized license could be exempt. Both houses of the Congress passed the merger of H.R 3610 with H.R 4278. In the House it was passed by a vote of 370 for to 37 against it and in the Senate by 84 for to 15 against it. President Bill Clinton signed the Bill to enact it into a law."
Abstract The paper relates that Bill H.R. 1132 addresses the screening of breast and cervical cancer, since detection is an essential predecessor to treatment. The paper explains how the Act seeks to guarantee that the money provided to states is properly spent on cancer screening, and also to ensure its proper population distribution. The paper also discusses how there are both proponents and detractors to the plan; however its overall goal and ideology is sound, in that it seeks to reduce the rate of mortality due to cancer. The primary component of the Act, which is the element of accountability, is examined as well.
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From the Paper "The act was to amend Title XV of the Public Health Service Act (42 USC 300k et seq.). Primarily the act was established to amend the public health service act by providing waivers relating to grants for preventative health measures with respect to breast and cervical cancer. (USgov) The goals of reduced mortality rates due to breast cancer have had its deadline moved back to 2020, rather than 2000. The specifications of the waiver is that Secretary is given authority to waive requirements for awarding breast and cervical cancer grants that require 60% of grant funds to be spent on screening and referrals for medical treatments and no more than 40% to be spent on other activities for not more than five states."
Abstract In this article, the writer presents a review of the G.C.H.Q. (Government Communications Headquarters) United Kingdom case involving executive prerogative when national security issues are involved. The writer discusses the argument of the appellant to the Court of Appeals asking that a Ministerial order be invalidated. Further, the writer examines the impact of national defense concerns on the outcome of the case.
From the Paper "The Court of Appeals in the United Kingdom issued judgements on an appeal to the House of Lords by the Council of Civil Service Unions (C.C.S.U.) and six individual members of C.C.S.U. employed as professional staff of the Government Communications Headquarters G.C.H.Q. of an adverse lower court ruling on their petition to invalidate an order by the Minister for the Civil Service, prohibiting representation of GCHQ staff by national labour unions Council of Civil ... "
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses ten sources of information systems in H.R.I.S. and H.R. management. The writer studies the role of H.R.I.S. in the workplace. Further, the writer looks at H.R.I.S. as a single tool that does not eliminate the need for other H.R. practices.
From the Paper "Human resource information systems (H.R.I.S.) provide valuable tools to assist human resource professionals in serving employees and their employers. However, human resource managers need to be mindful that H.R.I.S. is only one tool that is available to assist in the human resource function and that implementing an H.R.I.S. does not eliminate the need to maintain strong H.R. practices throughout the organization. Indeed, before any H.R.I.S. is implemented, it is important for the organization to determine what it expects-and does not expect-the H.R.I.S. to accomplish ... "
Tags: human resource management, information systems
Abstract Tax policies recently introduced into the United States House of Representatives will effectively reduce the tax burden for the average citizen in Florida. This paper discusses how, despite Democratic concerns over the expanding federal deficit, it is clear that the effect of bills like H.R. 4275, which made permanent the 10-percent tax bracket for the first $7,000 of income, will result in more money in the pockets of American citizens, including citizens of Florida.
From the Paper "On May 13, 2004, the United States House of Representatives put forward bill H.R.4275, also known as the 10 Percent Tax Bracket Extension and Permanency Act. Sponsored by Republican Pete Sessions, this bill was designed to "amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to permanently extend the 10-percent individual income tax rate bracket". The bill was successfully passed, by a vote of 344 pro to 76 against (Library of Congress)."
Abstract This paper describes the lessons deemed to be the most valuable in H.R. management. The writer looks at those that are most the likely to result in retaining key personnel and influence how employees will behave in the future. Further, the writer explains the important issues and assets in order to ensure successful human resources management, to the benefit of the company.
From the Paper "A working definition of Human Resources Management is a philosophy of people management based on the belief that human resources are uniquely important to sustained business success. An organization gains competitive advantage by using its people effectively and by drawing on their expertise and ingenuity to meet clearly defined objectives. Some of the goals of the H.R. department to recruit capable flexible and committed people. Other goals include managing and rewarding employees' performance and ensuring the company has the right mix of employees with the correct competencies."
Tags: HR management, business success, risk management, employee retention
Abstract This paper discusses how the Nursing Staffing Standards for Patient Safety and Quality Care Act of 2005 bill should not be supported for two reasons. The paper lists these reasons as: it does not directly address the nursing work force shortage as it ought and it does not address the deeper issue of personal satisfaction with nursing as a career. Although the latter may not be as easily addressed the former is. As the paper points out in the section regarding preventable causes of injury or death were and still are attributable to the direct care nursing work force shortage.
From the Paper "H.R. 1222, also known as The Nursing Staffing Standards for Patient Safety and Quality Care Act of 2005, was primarily enacted "to amend the Public Health Service Act to establish direct care registered nurse-to-patient staffing ratio requirements in hospitals (U.S. Congress, 2005, preamble)." The bill was enacted by both the Senate and House of Representatives on March 10, 2005 and primarily sponsored by Rep. Jan Schakowsky (D-IL). The primary thrust of the bill was to limit the nurse to patient ratio in different units."
Abstract The paper discusses how the Senate recently voted down a bill that would have raised minimum wage but would have also lowered estate taxes. The paper examines how, by linking two oppositional tax-related issues, the bill, H.R.5970, polarized the Senate along party lines. The paper explores how an estate tax cut favors the wealthiest Americans who own multi-million dollar estates, whereas the minimum wage hike would directly affect the working poor. The paper concludes that most of the Senate's Republicans favored the bill because of the estate tax cut implications, whereas most Democrats would have favored the bill only if it focused exclusively on raising the minimum wage.
From the Paper "Democrats oppose an estate tax cut in part for the same reasons they favor a minimum wage increase. Estate tax revenues can potentially be huge: capital gains taxes currently run about 15%. Yet only the wealthiest Americans benefit from estate tax cuts and Americans who would qualify are in the vast minority. The vast majority of Americans, on the other hand, might benefit from an increase in minimum wages. Only the tiniest percentage of Americans own multi-million dollar estates while a substantial portion of Americans earn close to the minimum wage."
Abstract This paper discusses how the book "The Black Jacobins", by C. L. R. James, is an not only account of the Haitian Revolution, it is a close and personal account of the only slave revolt that ultimately resulted in the founding of a black republic in the heart of the Caribbean. By closely relating the French Revolution with the Haitian Revolution, roughly from 1791 to 1803, it looks at how James is able to show the reader how the two events effected each other. It shows how James examines the struggle for independence while providing an intimate look at those involved, especially the slaves. James offers a perspective of black history that empowers black people, illustrating how they responded to and overcame slavery, especially under the leadership of Toussaint L'Ouverture.
From the Paper "Class structure was important to James, as he believed it was based more on economic needs rather than racial divisions; the economic forces proved to be more influential than the racial boundaries did. James admits that this did not erase the presence of racism, it simply points out that greed for economic and class status were often considered more important than race and can thus influence race prejudice. However, because the elite continually tries to re-implement the order and establish their elite class over and over again, according to James. Within the slave community, James also distinguishes an "upper" class of servants. These servants cultivated themselves and learned as much as they could. From their unique position, they could see the unfairness of society; their knowledge would later help them serve their people on a higher level."
Abstract This paper discusses the issue of discourse and knowledge. The writer examines the works and views of five different philosophers in order to study the subject of discourse and knowing. In this article, the writer discusses the beliefs of Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, C. L. R. James, Audre Lorde and Edward Said in order to examine the relationship between discourse and knowledge.
From the Paper "Several different thinkers, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, C. L. R. James, Audre Lorde and Edward Said all undertook an analysis of the nature and value of discourse and the relationship between forms of discourse and such variables as knowledge and the location of the knowing or the speaking subject. This essay drawing upon the works by these philosophers will examine these relationships, arguing that not only is discourse shaped by knowledge on the part of the speaker and the listener but ... "
Tags: discourse, knowing, philosophy, Derrida, Foucault, C.L.R. James, Lorde, Said
Abstract In this article the writer examines a 4-H study and discusses that role conflict exists between educators in the Cornell Cooperative Extension Service and the organization. The writer points out that according to the study, educators aim to ensure that community needs are met, yet the organization denies many programs essential to community need. Further, the writer notes that although educators are significant in the implementation of programs, they feel that their main roles as educators are being ignored. The writer highlights that the study provides evidence that this contention had a basis in fact, and that educators were experiencing role conflict within the program. Further, the writer points out that the role conflict is evident within the community in which the need existed for programs in the areas of teen pregnancy, violence and drug use.
From the Paper "In regard to methodology, it was contended that role conflict existed between educators in the Cornell Cooperative Extension Service and the organization. The hypothesis contended that educators believed that their mission within the organization was to ensure that the needs of all community members were met; yet, the organization denied many programs essential to community need. It was further contended that while educators were significant in the implementation of programs approved by Cornell Cooperative Extension, these professionals felt that their primary roles as educators were being ignored."
Abstract This paper examines the efficacy of Toys 'R Us marketing strategies from the perspective of the 4Ps: product, place, price and promotion.
From the Paper "The Toys 'R Us marketing mix is a composite of product, place, price and promotion, also referred to as the four P's. Each of these elements is an important factor in a company's marketing strategy..."
Abstract In this article, the writer examines the Canadian case of R v N in terms of police interrogation. The writer concludes that overzealous use of police interrogation should be controlled.
From the Paper "According to James W. Williams, in recent years the Canadian criminal justice system has been plagued with a number of high profile wrongful convictions. Particular attention has been directed towards the police and their ability to meet their responsibility to investigate crime effectively while protecting the interests, the rights and freedoms of the accused. As Williams has stated, one notable aspect of police operations that has come under increasing scrutiny in this regard is the police interrogation, a practice ... "
