Abstract This paper discusses the advent of online trading. The author outlines the pros and cons of trading online versus using traditional brokers. Sections of the paper include a look at specific companies providing online trading services, a history of online trading, and a brief look into the future.
From the Paper "The stock market has been a part of people's lives throughout the twentieth century. Millions of people around the world have money invested in their countries own respective markets. Since the coming of age of online trading, more people have been investing their money in stocks than ever before because of the advantages it offers. Online trading allows people to trade stocks quickly without the help of a broker, letting the investors have more control over their transactions. The competition between companies has helped decrease the cost of making the transactions. In addition to that, ordinary people now have access to information that could only be seen by brokers. Overall, online trading saves time, money and gives power to the investor rather than the broker."
Abstract This paper analyzes some of the methods taken by the main character in Goldbratt's "The Goal" and how those decisions help him turn his life around, stabilize his job, and fix his marriage. Touched-on points include how the continuous process improvement method can repair many things that seem to defy other methods of repair.
From the Paper "In Goldbratt's The Goal, plant manager Alex Rogo is faced with a staggering number of problems?his plant is not making any money, his boss wants to hang him, his job is on the line, and his wife is developing a serious case of Female Neglect Syndrome that threatens his marriage. Really about the only thing that can keep Rogo from losing his job, sanity, and wife is the institution of the Continuous Process Improvement method."
Abstract This is an examination of possible human error at work and the consequences. The author discusses various safety precautions such as safety procedures and training for personnel and the possible accidents that can occur if these are to be ignored.
From the Paper "Human error is something that affects many workers in the industrial world but with the correct safety procedures and precautions at the workplace it can be decreased. To begin discussion of human error it must be understood that a variety of contributors can be classified as human error. As described by Fred Manuele some of these factors are a system in which there is unnecessary danger or difficulty, inadequate facilities or information to the operator, and increased performance beyond what the operator can handle (153). Human error can be defined as the failure of planned actions to achieve their desired ends, without the intervention of some unforeseeable event (Kantowitz 30)."
Tags: island, mile, occupational, hazards, accident, precaution, risk, union
Abstract This paper compares the aspects of free trade to that of protectionism and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each.
From the Paper "Capitalism is a global system organized nationally. Every discussion of the global economy must include reference to relations amongst national economies and states, generated through the uneven development of various constituencies and the tensions involved in integration and competition, and those involved in integration and assertions of sovereignty. (Monthly Review, July-August 1999.) Advocates of free trade argue that growing economic prosperity worldwide owes much to the increase and liberalization of trade. It encourages improved productivity, increased access to technology and better quality products and services. Between 1950 and 1998, global exports increased by a factor of 18, while global output increased six and a half times. This year, the growth in world trade is projected to increase by 6 to 7%, up from 4% in 1999-2000. (African Business, February 2001.) "
Tags: trade, finance, free, global, capitalism, economy, competition, globalization, production
Abstract This paper examines the backround behind the decision of the movement to a unified European currency. It describes both the expected positive effects and negative ramifications.
From the Paper "The Economic and Social Committee was established in 1958 to advise the Commission and the Council of Ministers on the effect of the EU's policies and practices on the general economy. It consists of three groups, employers? organizations, trade unions, and "special interests" (e.g. consumers, agriculture, and small business). The liberalized trade policies were greatly responsible for increasing trade and economic prosperity in Europe. By 1968, tariff barriers had been abolished for agricultural as well as industrial products."
Abstract This paper uses the case discussed in Jonathon Harr's book "A Civil Action" to explain the system of Anglo/American tort law--the workings and limitations of the system and the intended goals as opposed to real life actualities. It follows case facts and describes the outcome, while explaining all the ensuing legal factors. Also included is an account of the historical divergence of civil obligations and tort law.
From the paper:
"Harr's book relates the story of a type of case that is all too sadly familiar: A large corporation (in this case actually two large corporations) contaminate the environment because it is cheaper dump solvents than to dispose of them legally. The reason that corporations are supposed to be restrained from such cheap but illegal dumping is the threat of either criminal charges being made or of civil litigation. In other words, corporations are supposed to behave themselves because if they don?t then they will get sued. But the important catch to this argument, as this book shows, is that corporations do not in fact have a great deal to fear from civil litigation. All too often, the person who wins civil litigation is the person (or corporation) who can continue to pay for a lawyer longer than the other side. The results of civil litigation have less to do with right and wrong than with whose pockets were the deepest to begin with."
Abstract This paper argues in favor of the restriction of tobacco advertising that targets youths under the legal smoking age. Through the use of statistics, and personal experience, the author argues the extent of the protection allowed under the First Amendment to tobacco companies and their advertisers.
From the paper:
"Some of these regulations include age verification (by sales persons), the elimination of free samples, and denial of sponsorship of social/cultural events. As it is yet too early to judge whether these newly implemented restrictions will have a great influence on youth consumers, one can only hope to see improvements soon. As I had at one time worked in a store that sold tobacco products, my opinion is that even these new regulations are not enough. Many salespeople simply do not bother to check age identification of tobacco consumers."
Abstract In this paper the author takes a close look at the Coca-Cola Corporation. The author looks at the management and how Douglas Daft came to the helm with his new philosophy of thinking "local", rather than global management. The author examines what has happened to Coca-Cola over the last few years in various countries and how this has effected its reputation. The author them moves on to discuss Coca-Cola's relationship with its bottlers, trade unions and profit margins. Finally the author looks at how Coca-Cola has re-established itself in China, creating a new business model and its wars with competitors.
From the paper:
?Coke's overwhelming success in the U.S. is in large part due to its bottlers. Daft's decentralization strategy reassigns much of the work performed by 29,000 laid-off employees to the "anchor bottlers" (for marketing and sales) and to sub-contractors (for plant and office maintenance) resulting in fewer direct employees worldwide. This strategy allows the company to concentrate its efforts on garnering market share while not having to take responsibility for global industrial relations. The anchor bottlers, Coca-Cola Enterprises and Cola-Cola Amatil, actually have more employees than Coca-Cola Company (CCC). The company relies on them to bottle and distribute the lion's share of its products.?
Abstract This paper takes an in depth look at the ways in which pharmaceutical companies unscrupulously put profit before people. Five of the main ways in which they do this that are discussed are; manipulation of research, undue influence over doctors prescribing practices, direct-to-consumer advertising, discrediting of their competitors pharmaceutical and natural alike, and investing only in profitable research. Each topic is discussed thoroughly with credible sources to back the data up.
From the Paper "The pharmaceutical industry wants people to believe that their main goal is to help people. The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) has even begun airing feel-good commercials featuring people whose lives have been saved by medications. In reality, they spend billions of dollars every year to ensure their true purpose, maximum profit. Their influence begins in the research lab, where the sponsor, usually a pharmaceutical company with a huge financial stake in the findings, has more to say over how the study is conducted and what information is released then the actual investigators, leading some of the foremost medical journals in the world to fight back with strict guidelines. After the pharmaceutical companies get their products approved, they engage in a campaign of bribery to persuade doctors to prescribe their name brand, expensive drugs over their competitor's products. Not wanting to leave it up to the doctors alone to endorse their products, the pharmaceutical industry has started advertising directly to an unwitting populace, on television and in popular magazines. Pharmaceutical companies use their political power and vast economic resources to discredit and undermine non-drug treatment options for various diseases, particularly by attacking the burgeoning field of holistic medicine. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical companies have a long history of not investing in research that would lead to drugs for diseases that effect the world's poor, because there is little profit to be made in developing nations. Through various immoral practices, the pharmaceutical companies put profit ahead of the interests, health and safety of consumers. "
This paper analyzes the impact of 'globalization' on labor conditions in third world countries in reference to the work of the World Bank, the International Labor Organization and 'anti-sweatshop' campaigners.
Abstract This paper examines how global economic forces enable sections of third world society to be more easily exploited. It investigates how the first world does not play on a level playing field by using the Multi-Fibre Agreement. The views of protesters, the World Bank, and others are reviewed. The paper ends by touching upon future developments, such as the impact of China becoming a full member of the World Trade Organization.
From the Paper "During the past three decades, remarkable internationalisation of the world economy has taken place. This process has become known as globalisation. Globalisation can be defined as "The increasing integration of national economies into expanding international markets" (Todaro: 1997). Neo-liberal authors and institutions, such as the IMF, state that globalisation is driven by four main factors; free market ideology; technological breakthroughs in communication; the shifting of economic activity to the developing world; and the opening up of previously closed borders. These factors of globalisation have inevitably led to changes in conditions of labour in third world employment. Here we will look at what the changes have been. We will then examine the views taken on these conditions by 'anti-sweatshop' campaigners, and the response of the International Labour Organisation and the World Bank."
Abstract This paper examines the Just In Time Method and how it can improve customer service and efficiency in almost every company. It gives examples of companies that have implemented it and improved their position such as Hewlett Packard. This paper explores the criticism and problems with this method by giving examples where it was implemented and succeeded.
From the Paper "Recently, the business strategy commonly refereed to as Just-In-Time has become more and more dominant in many aspects of business. Corporations like Hewlett-Packard have begun to use the system to improve efficiency and customer service. Although the system has been criticized as a lofty idea or a theory rather than an attainable business practice, the company that have implemented the idea have profited form it. Moving ideas from boardrooms and ivory towers to the sales floors and manufacturing plants can be a tricky task. The growing popularity of Just-In-Time in theory and in practice demonstrates how these difficulties can be overcome when new business ideas are brought to bear upon business practice. There are several hindrances to the implementation of new ideas. The time and money it takes to develop a new idea is certainly one difficulty in implementing new ideas. Another hindrance to implementing new ideas is the mentality of old-guard executives in new business. Lastly, some people are prejudiced about ideas that come from academia, especially when the tried and true methods seem to be working. This essay will explore these problems in a theoretical and practical format using the example of the success of the JIT method."
Tags: Just, in, Time, Method, JIT, business, strategy, system, efficiency, customer, service
Abstract The writers shows that mandatory overtime can be a source of stress for the nurses in all aspects of their lives. It examines how this escalating crisis is affecting nurses' physical health and how their overworked, overtired and burned out bodies are really having an impact on the way they care for patients.
From the Paper "This problem is best explained starting with how it affects the nurse physically. These problems mainly consist of prolonged exposure to hazards, fatigue and stress. ?Longer shifts mean that nurses spend more time being exposed to the risks of chemical exposure, infectious agents, and injury (Worthington, 2001). Biohazards and chronic injuries also exist, "They complain of back injuries and risky accidents with contaminated needles" (2001). Nurses are in the business of making decisions that can affect whether a patient lives or dies. Nurses are also expected to care for themselves during these times. This includes transportation to and from work. ? There are few statistics on the number of car accidents related to fatigue from having to work extended hours because fatalities that occur while driving home after double shifts are not counted as workplace fatalities? (2001). Stress can also have a profound effect on the body making nurses prone to having poor physical condition."
Abstract The following paper discusses the importance of leadership, various styles of leadership, and the difference between leadership and management. The writer concludes from the research that leadership is a difficult art to be mastered, but those who do have even partial mastery of leadership skills can literally transform the group in which they function.
From the Paper On rare occasions a leader may only be leading a single individual, but in most real life situations a leader would be acting as a leader of a group. So a group, whether formal or informal, is the environment in which a leader operates. Group leadership can, therefore, be defined as the process of influencing a group of people to achieve a specified goal or a task. The goal may or may not have specified by the leader himself, as the leader may be acting on behalf of an organization with pre-defined objectives, although establishing direction is also part of leadership. It is generally accepted that without some kind of leadership in an organization or society there would be chaos and anarchy. Hence the over-riding importance of group leadership and the constant endeavor of social scientists, psychologists and management experts in trying to unravel the mysteries of the complex subject;
Abstract This paper examines several components of the U.S. economy from 2000-2002 in order to gage whether or not it is healthy. The economy's health prior to 2001 is discussed in detail in order to give the reader a good basis for understanding why certain materials are included in this paper. The author looks at GDP, the unemployment rate and inflation in order to examine their affect on the current economy. Any new monetary and fiscal policies that have been introduced to help deal with problems arising are then presented and analyzed in order to judge their efficiency.
From the Paper "According to Encarta Gross Domestic Product is defined as total value of goods and services produced in a country over any given period of time. GDP is calculated in one of three ways: (1) by adding up the value of all goods and services produced, (2) by adding up the expenses on goods and services at there sold, or (3) by adding up manufacturer' earnings from the sale of services or goods. This variable is important when examining the health of the economy because it measures the country's standard of living. If GDP increases at a higher rate than the population, standards of living are rising. If the population is increasing at a greater rate than GDP, living standards are falling. (Encarta) The following table shows U.S. GDP over the last 18 months: Starting with the fourth quarter of 2000 ending with the fourth quarter of 2001."
Abstract The writer looks at overt and covert advertising in order to give the reader a solid understanding of the basic theories that are used to sell products. The writer talks about the different places that new forms of advertising have been tested and show how these are used successfully to entice people to buy a specific product. According to this paper, sex is used in almost every type of advertising and its effect on today's youth is immense. The use of sex in advertising is not new, but the overt nature of it is, something, that this writer feels has now take on a life of its own and is having a negative affect on many people's self-image. The role of sex in today's society and as a result its influence on today's younger generation, is the message that this writer is trying to communicate.
From the Paper "Advertisers will embed the word, ?sex,? in a magazine picture that is not perceived by the human eye or will superimpose pictures of sexual objects on objects like ice cubes and it is not noticed until this is pointed out to people, they will not perceive this either. (Key 9 ? 12)
Whether or not subliminal advertising works is still a matter of debate.
Should sex be used in advertising? No! CNBC had run an ad that showed scantily dressed women, an ad for a topless club."
