From the Paper "The purpose of this paper is to explore how women in the modern work force have advanced themselves, and what is known about the leadership styles used by women when they are given positions of responsibility. How leadership styles interact with gender is a question that requires investigation. Things have changed for women at work. Their increasing numbers in today's work force mean that there are more of them competing for higher salaries, more power, and more responsibilities. But how do their increasing numbers interact with their leadership skills and their ability to be placed in positions of leadership?
Perhaps we can begin to answer this question by examining how leadership styles are affected by gender, and how women are increasingly perceived as being capable of leadership."
From the Paper "Drug testing in the workplace has been undertaken by employers who are concerned that drug use by employees poses a danger to coworkers and the public, reduces productivity, costs the company money, and contributes to health problems which adds further to company costs. Drug testing in the workplace conflicts with our view of personal privacy and raises questions about how far employers can go in analyzing personal habits of employees. Workers are concerned that such testing might lead to employees being disciplined or fired, and employers are concerned as well that instituting testing might lead to lawsuits over errors, privacy issues, violation of rights, or unauthorized disclosure of test results. Some feel that the testing itself may not be adequate or accurate, contributing to such problems. The courts have been called in to adjudicate.."
From the Paper "Case Study: "Godiva Europe"
Introduction
Godiva Chocolates, according to the case study is considered the ?Queen of Chocolates.? However, as the case study also points out, the "Queen" is facing troubles gaining and keeping market share, and, as is the case with royalty throughout the world, is considered a bit expensive, and perhaps redundant. However, as the case study points out, the company has a recognized world brand, a brand name, unfortunately that suggests high price rather than quality. This paper, following a brief explanation of how Godiva makes its chocolates, will then examine the problems attendant to the brand in Europe, and will conclude with ideas to revitalize the sales of the product in Europe."
From the Paper "In looking at the past fifty years in society, there seem to be two conflicting tendencies. Many people believe that society has become less moral, with people less inclined to behave in ethical ways. At the same time, there has been a much greater focus on ethical behavior in business, especially during the past two decades. Does this mean that ethics in business is a new concept?
Business ethics has simply changed over the past fifty years. There are a whole range of issues that have come under scrutiny, including whistle blowing, pollution, community responsibility, and sustainability. The approach to business decision-making has also sometimes changed. The intent in this..."
Describes the company, product and service. Discusses relationship strategy, product strategy and customer strategy. Examines the McDonald's attitude as a sales clerk.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, 1997, $ 39.95
From the Paper "McDonald's: A Marketing Strategy Study
McDonald's has become a multi-billion dollar operation by following some very old-fashioned ideas of selling. Essentially these boil down to provide a good product at a low price and make it easy to get and you have a success.
Company Description
McDonalds Golden Arches are one of the world's most recognized brand symbols. The company has more than 15,000 locations in 79 countries and a new McDonald's restaurant opens every 4.2 hours (Mcfacts web page, 1997).
Abstract This paper attributes the success of the McDonald's burger chain to its effective supply chain with respect to its company outlay and services. It examines how McDonald's has been able to deploy its chain of command effectively because its infrastructure choice and how the value chain in the different countries is based on the franchise relationship. It looks at the effective resource management and technology developments implemented within the company as well as procurement and how they are all instrumental in the success of the company.
From the Paper "McDonald's Jack Greenberg took charge of the crucial task of turning the company around to meet customer demands. One of the first steps that he proposed had been to change the process of "manufacturing" and logistics. This had been done with the view to increase efficiency of the supply chain in terms of capacity, technology selection and buying policies. This have been able to decrease the constraints within the industry. This system has been effective because it has been able to optimize the need of the company, fulfilling the work time constraints at the various outlets. The change in process of manufacturing required training as well."
Abstract This paper provides a basic introduction to ABC (Activity Based Costing) methods as a managerial accounting technique, a comparison to traditional based methods, benefits and disadvantages of ABC. The paper also includes an analysis of ABC methods as a TQM (Total Quality Management) component and provides a summary analysis of the system.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction to Activity Based Accounting
Uses for ABC
Implementing ABC
Advantages of ABC Costing
Disadvantages of ABC Costing
ABC versus Traditional Accounting
The Concerns of Activity Based Management
Summary Analysis
References
From the Paper "Activity-Based Costing (ABC) arose in the 1980s from the increasing lack of relevance of traditional cost accounting methods. The traditional cost accounting methods were designed around 1870 - 1920 and in those days industry was labor intensive, there was no automation, the product variety was small and the overhead costs in companies were generally very low compared to today. However, from the 1960s - particularly 1980s - this changed rapidly. Activity Based Costing is based on a simple principle: activities consume resources and customers consume activities. Associating the labor and overhead expenses of the business with the activities that consume those resources provides valuable facts. ABC defines categories of activity in overhead departments, which on the one hand are recognizable to overhead department managers but, on the other hand, are driven by factors (cost drivers) which are characteristic of products and other cost objects. This allows a much higher proportion of total company cost to be allocated to products according to causation. Ultimately, ABC provides accounting data points that can be used to improve decision-making and identify cost improvement opportunities. The basic building blocks for ABC are activity accounting spreadsheets for each element of a business. The workload of each activity is measured resulting in a cost per output. "
Tags: comparison, flaws, component, cost, data, labor, y
Abstract This paper examines the similarities and differences of the marketing environment and strategies of Coca Cola and Pepsi. The paper discusses these two corporation's ongoing battle for global soft drink domination. The paper describes how Coke and Pepsi share the same demographics, economic conditions, competition, social and cultural facets, technology, and political and legal problems inherent with each of their markets. The paper explains that the external macro environments are similar for each, but how they both use their marketing programs involve different tactics and strategies.
From the Paper "One micro external environment advantage both Pepsi and Coke enjoy is their extensive distribution, or marketing intermediaries. These distributors increase their profits by producing and selling the products directly to customers at the local level. Pepsi and Coke use these firms and distributors to make their large profits in exchange for their knowledge and their soft drink bases and concentrates."
Abstract This paper provides an insight into the psychology of team work and management and how they can be applied in the business environment. It discusses how team accomplishments and goals are the result of synergy or the achievement of an effect which is larger or greater than the output of one person individually. It examines the three known or discussed types of teams: work teams, naturally formed work units doing common operational duties within the organization, task teams, brought together to work on a specific task or project and management teams, drawn from people who direct operational business units . It looks at undesirable outcomes such as social loafing and conflicts and discusses the criteria for team member selections.
From the Paper "Group processes directly impact the choice of team member selection and required result. The desired team outcome is synergy when planning group structure and goals. Unfortunately, social loafing can occur so planning team leadership strategies before the team conducts their first meeting is imperative. Team member strengths and abilities are assessed prior to selection allowing for the correct member selection. Many teams have failed because of lack of support or the inability of the team to carry out their mission."
Abstract This paper reviews many of the distinctive organizational challenges related to globalization. First, a background is established by identifying some forces driving globalization. An important aspect of this paper is to understand that a foreign subsidiary of a company is not an independent entity and therefore the company must understand that it is essential to adjust the corporate organizational behavior practices to meet the needs of employees in every country. The following organizational challenges are covered: adjusting organizational behavior to fit corporate culture; managing a global company; teamwork in a global atmosphere; the rights of the oppressed; and electronic communication and globalization. By putting these challenges in context, a U.S. multinational corporation could effectively develop the organizational behavior practices that can be successfully implemented by subsidiaries in other countries.
From the Paper "There are many globalization challenges for businesses, especially those operating across national boundaries as a multinational or global enterprise. Organizational behavior in a global company is especially challenging because organizational practices vary from country to country. With technology changing at every blink of the eye, the world in general is starting to look smaller and global dominance more attainable. As a result, more and more companies are venturing outside the constraints and realms of geographical and cultural boundaries. Thus, these companies are eagerly embarking upon the idea and concept of globalization. This prompts the need to manage human resources effectively to gain competitive advantage in the global market place."
This paper discusses the need for cross-cultural understanding by listing the problems exhibited in the case of Wolfgang Keller which had negative effects upon Koningsbrau-Hellas as a whole.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 0 sources, 2002, $ 43.95
Abstract This work deals with the case of Wolfgang Keller and describes numerous people from different backgrounds (ethnic, educational, etc.) and the confusion that was caused as a result of those differences. All of these diffculties in communication are elaborated upon and this essay describes the means by which all parties can benefit as well as keep from making the same mistakes in the future.
From the Paper "The Wolfgang Keller at Konigbrau-Hellas A.E. Harvard Business School case illuminates upon several cross-cultural communications circumstances, confusions, and problems. The case is described mainly from the point of view of Wolfgang Keller with supporting documentation of performance evaluations, memos, and other documents. These papers supplement the storyline and add valuable resources for the reader to more closely analyze the situation."
Abstract Discussion of the three simple management principles, or secrets of the authors. Importance of setting clear goals. Importance of praise of employees for a specific act well done. Methods of reprimanding employees with the goal of getting them back on the right track. Delegating projects. Building an efficient and productive team.
From the Paper ""The One Minute Manager" (1983), by Kenneth Blanchard and Spencer Johnson, is a parable about a young man in search of the perfect manager from whom he wants to learn the perfect management skills. Blanchard and Johnson craft their business management theory in a fairy-tale type form that outlines three very simple management principles. These principles, or secrets as Blanchard and Johnson call them, are One-Minute Goals, One-Minute Praisings, and One-Minute Reprimands (Blanchard & Johnson, 1983).
The first secret, One-Minute Goals, discusses the importance of setting clear goals. The theory is that if the manager, or employee, or both working together, know specifically what the goal is, or where they are headed, then there is a greater chance that they will get there; they will accomplish that goal.
Abstract Examines whether pay/wages is a useful method of improving employee motivation. Links the concept of money to motivation theory & link with job satisfaction. Discusses causal models; hierarchy of needs model; Expectancy theory; goal setting; Management-By-Objectives (MBO). Assessment of money as the prime motivator. Performance-based compensation system. Concludes that compensation is not the only motivator.
From the Paper "MONEY AS A MOTIVATOR: A REVIEW
Introduction
This review focuses on the following question: How useful is pay as a method of improving employee motivation? In the review, the concept of money as a motivator is linked to motivation theory.
Defining Motivation and Motivation Theory
Motivation is the process of persuading individuals to act in a desired way. Within most organizational environments, motivation is the process of persuading members of the organization to perform in a productive manner. The need to motivate members of an organization to perform in a productive manner is a well-accepted premise. Disagreement exists, however, in relation to the best means of motivating individuals within organization ..."
Abstract Intellectual property rights, including patents and copyrights, have been a key factor for the success of many companies. It provides them with an opportunity to protect their ideas and concepts, preventing others from copying them. The paper shows that with the boom in e-business, there have been many cases of infringement because of the relative ease in sharing information over the Internet. This paper briefly outlines the basics of intellectual property before providing a detailed discussion on e-business and intellectual property. The paper shows several cases of infringement to illustrate how intellectual property is important in e-business.
From the Paper "Since the Internet is a huge interconnection of computers, information can be shared very easily. It is this very advantage that leads to many problems in protection of intellectual property. For example; pictures, music and literary works can be copied, modified and even distributed easily through the Internet. Such activities affect and violate copyright protection. There are several dangers in electronic business and organizations have to be very cautious and watchful. Copyright does not protect ideas but protects the forms in which they are expressed. Thus documents and material available on the Internet can be protected by copyright. According to the Copyright Act, even storing of material in a computer corresponds to reproduction of material. This implies that viewing a page on the Internet leads to infringement because the web browser would make a copy of the page in the computer."
Abstract Singapore Airlines plans to start up a new business venture, a2, in the Australian domestic aviation market. a2 will introduce Sydney-Melbourne flights in the coming year and link up all major Australian cities by 2006. This paper discusses that the overall marketing goal for a2 is to position itself as the preferred corporate travel airline. The writer provides a thorough marketing plan for the new company including future projections, budgets, costs, competition market and expected profits.
Executive Summary
1 Introduction
2 Goal Setting
3 Situation Analysis
3.1 Market overview
3.2 Opportunities and threats
3.3 Strengths and weaknesses
3.4 Issues
4 Strategy Formulation
4.1 Marketing objectives
4.2 Marketing strategies
5 Action Plan
6 Financial Projections
6.1 Assumptions for the first year
6.2 Three-year projections
7 Resource Allocation and Monitoring
7.1 Budget
7.2 Measurement and review
8 References
From the Paper "a2's mission is to benefit Australian consumers and businesses by creating a more competitive environment in the current domestic duopoly aviation market. It aims to succeed by making the best out of its competitive advantages through
? strong financial backing from the parent company;
? highly qualified staff; and
? a continuing commitment in research and development.
a2's objective lies in the "product development" quadrant of Ansoff's matrix (Kotler, 2002). That is, it is offering new flight services to existing markets, as charted below."
