This paper reviews the first two chapters of C. Emory Burton's "The Poverty Debate: Politics and the Poor in America", which provides a coherent analysis of this problem.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 0 sources, 2005, $ 29.95
Abstract This paper explains that C. Emory Burton in "The Poverty Debate: Politics and the Poor in America" defines poverty as the point at which the individual or family unit is no longer able to sufficiently provide itself with the essentials of life. The author points out that Burton states (1) that the vast majority of the poor do not enjoy most of the benefits of "in kind" distributions, (2) that poverty should be measured in relation to the U.S. standard of living and (3) that the effects of poverty are insidious and far reaching. The paper relates that Burton's arguments are convincing although a bit too left-leaning and a number of his claims seem questionable.
From the Paper "In chapter two, Burton addresses the theory of a "culture of poverty" in which those who are classified as poor are actually, in large part, to blame for their own circumstances. What the theory proposes is that those in poverty have characteristics which perpetuate and insure their condition. Be it a low interest in education, little work ethic, no desire to improve themselves, unwillingness to take responsibility, or the inability to plan ahead or look toward the future, these individuals have personal flaws which keep them in a state of poverty."
Abstract This paper examines how a study of the significance of Richard Burton's disguise in his "Personal Narrative of A Pilgrimage to al-Medina and Meccah" has implications for both an assessment of his success in his examination of the people he encounters and of his ability to use this disguise as a means of learning by complete immersion. It looks at how his eagerness to perfect this "cultural transvestism" which he had employed previously in his travels was partly fuelled by his desire to examine and map for the Western reader. It also discusses how the objectivity which Burton's disguise affords him is undermined by his fundamental colonial superiority.
From the Paper "Burton's disguise affords him an omnipotence which lends itself to an reaffirmation of his assumed Western superiority over the natives. Firstly, he presupposes, with no moral reservations, a right to imitate the Arabs, to deceive them in order to infiltrate their most revered pilgrimage, and to accept their help and friendship. Secondly, he takes advantage of his ingrained superiority in the very act of "going native" and receiving wisdom from his experience with the Arabs. An Arab would never be able to enjoy the same kind of teaching from a European, learning through living on a European level. Indeed, the Arab could not "go civilised" in direct opposition to the European ?going native.? Burton is able to gain a measure of knowledge of the Arabs which they would not be able to match in terms of knowledge of the Europeans."
Abstract This paper is a critique of Tim Burton's fantastical animated musical, "The Nightmare Before Christmas." It discusses the film's themes, imagery and use of music. The paper expands on the visual qualities of the film.
From the Paper "This paper is a critique of Tim Burton's fantastical musical film, "The Nightmare Before Christmas" released by Touchstone Pictures. This stop-motion animation disguises a quite conventional story about conformity and keeping to the status quo as a tale of ..."
Abstract This paper evaluates the films created by Burton in an effort to uncover what distinguishes his directorial style from mainstream Hollywood filmmaking, why he acquired this predilection and hang on to such artistic viewpoint, and how his films' inordinate preoccupation with the weird and the morbid hit if off with both the critics and the box-office.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Early Years
Filmography
Auteur
Trademarks
Mise En Scene
Conclusion
From the Paper "Burton began drawing at an early age, but it wasn't until he has spent some time at California Institute of the Arts that he was given an opportunity that would change his life forever. Disney, after seeing Burton's artwork, hired him immediately. Amazingly, they didn't even have a job that specifically fit what he could do. He was hired on the basis that if Disney didn't hire him, someone else would. Long and tedious hours were burned away as Burton worked continuously on creating ideas for Disney. What he came up with wasn't exactly what Disney had hoped for. He developed two short films, Vincent (1982) and Frankenweenie (1984). The first film was a "claymation" (a film animation whose characters are sculpted from clay) tribute to his idol Vincent Price and, although not the most publicized film from the Disney Studios, it was certainly the most unusual because of the combination of bizarre characters and the constantly shifting expressionist backgrounds1. "
Abstract This essay draws on the similarities and comparisons between Washington Irving's "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and Tim Burton's film, "Sleepy Hollow" with specific reference to the daydream scenes.
From the paper:
? Yet this daydream has no few of the aspects of a nightmare as well. In the real world, the worst Ichabod will ever endure is a fall from his faithful, and borrowed, steed Gunpowder. In the daydream film, he shall be skewered with a ghostly sword, beaten, choked, and otherwise bodily assaulted. The horsemen will not be a possible figment, a traveler who merely keeps pace and tosses pumpkins; to the contrary, he shall kill any number of people.?
Abstract The paper shows how the fundamental structure of "The Arabian Nights" by Sir Richard Francis Burton, consists of frame texts, or stories within stories, with "The Story of King Shahrayar and Shahrazad" as the outermost tale. The stories possess common didactic lessons, or morals, that connect them to one another. The paper examines how the morals are not often initially stated but rather revealed or re-emphasized from one tale to another, and they all possess a common feature that relate them back to the outermost tale?"The Story of King Shahrayar and Shahrazad". The paper shows that the organizing guidelines of the fables in The Arabian Nights are the particular moral, or lesson, they each portray.
From the Paper "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Demon divulges into The Tale of the Enchanted King. This tale, like The Tale of the King's Son and the She-Ghoul, displays the consequences of returning good with good. The king saves the enchanted king from spending his life as half man, half stone and gains his companionship as a result. Even more importantly, the tale connect back to the The Story of the Fisherman and the Demon because the fisherman "was the cause of saving the young man and the city" (66). The moral, therefore, is not only re-emphasized but connected with the previous tales."
Abstract This three-page undergraduate paper offers a thematic analysis of the 1999 Tim Burton film, Sleepy Hollow. The author discusses what the director wanted to impress upon his audience, and what elements made the film unique and memorable.
A comparative analysis of the journal articles, "Theodore Roosevelt and the Implements of War," by Matthew Oyos, and "Theodore Roosevelt's Social Darwinism and Views on Imperialism," by David Burton.
Abstract This paper examines how, in the selected articles, both authors argue parallel, albeit different, views regarding Roosevelt. It looks at how Burton argues that Roosevelt had Darwinist views when it came to social reform in the world. In contrast, it shows how Oyos argues that a great, powerful, and prepared military is the cornerstone of a country's might and useful when spreading the foreign policy and how Roosevelt was the first president to think consistently about the link between military technology, national military power, and foreign policy.
From the Paper "As President of the United States between 1901 and 1909, Theodore Roosevelt, while being one of the most ambitious political figures in American history, was also extremely influential, both culturally and socially, and reflected the times in which he lived as no other President. His political beliefs and attitudes, both progressive and conservative, shaped many domestic and international events which took place in the early 1890's and into the opening years of the 20th century."
Abstract This paper discusses the effects of Poe's ground-breaking literary style on modern pop culture. Comparisons are made to several artists, musicians and composers, directors, and authors, such as Manet, Kupka, Munch, Jim Morrison, Claude Debussy, The Alan Parsons Project, Alfred Hitchcock, Tim Burton, Stephen King, Ray Bradbury, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and Franz Kafka, to name a few.
From the Paper ""Edgar Allan Poe never produced any biological offspring during his lifetime, but clearly his literary children are everywhere" (Magistrale 9). Poe's impressive avant-garde style provides inspiration for many people to fabricate captivating pieces. Because he writes an excess of 120 poems, sonnets, and stories in his lifetime, Poe remains a prominent figure in society. A tremendous appreciation for Poe's work motivates his so-called "children" to sample his style in a vast number of their own ways. Therefore, the great influence Edgar Allan Poe's writings have on modern culture is evident in many areas including art, music, and literature."
Abstract In this paper, the writer discusses the devil, evil and sin with respect to Jeffrey Burton Russell's book "The Prince of Darkness." In studying the book, the writer examines the ideas and concept of evil. Further, the writer looks at evil's relation to Satan as is put forth by Russell in his book.
From the Paper "Jeffrey Burton Russell defined popular religion as the study of the ways in which theological concepts filtered down into the religious consciousness of the uneducated. In this context Russell's text titled 'The Prince of Darkness Radical Evil and the Power of Good in History' offers readers who may or may not be religious or may or may not be well-educated in Russell's sense of the term an opportunity to examine the persistence of the notion that evil can be characterized as a ... "
Abstract This paper discusses storytelling techniques employed in Mary Shelley's novel, "Frankenstein" and Tim Burton's movie, "Edward Scissorhands". The paper discusses the basic plots of each story and then goes on to describe the similarities between the two tales, in describing the cruelty of the society in which the characters live that lead them to feel ostracized.
From the Paper "Storytelling Techniques in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and Tim Burton's Edward Scissorhands Few stories are capable of demonstrating alienation with the same power as Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. The movie Edward Scissorhands is essentially a modern Frankenstein tale. Like Frankenstein's creation, Edward is an artificial construct who faces alienation from society. In both these stories, the creation faces cruelty from that society, eventually becoming what they are accused of being, and, ultimately being forced to live out their lives alone. Shelley's novel and Burton's film are similar in several areas. First, the characters' artificial beginnings lead to their inability to fit into the society that surrounds them. Second, through the ostracism they face, both the monster and Edward are forced into the roles that society expects of them. Third, and finally, both of these creatures voluntarily remove themselves from human society, rather than continue to face the world in which they are not welcome to participate."
Abstract In this article, the writer looks at the film "The Corpse Bride" and examines its popularity. The writer maintains that the popularity of this film is really quite amazing if you look at the fact that it seems to have a highly specialized, niche target audience, some of which are not known to be the most mainstream of audiences. The writer notes that ultimately the timing of 'The Corpse Bride' allowed what might have been a small, quiet film to blossom into an impressive box office draw. Further the writer points out that the partnerships that Tim Burton, Johnny Depp and Helena Bonham Carter have forged together through multiple films have been able to provide a fascinating and varied body of work that leaves the audience anxiously awaiting the next move for these now A-list actors and director.
From the Paper "The story of The Corpse Bride is a stop-frame animation film by Tim Burton that is loosely based on a Russian-Jewish folklore from the 19th century. In the story, a reluctant groom, Victor Van Dort, is being forced to marry in an arrangement between his family and the family of Victoria Everglot, his betrothed. Initially, neither are very happy with the arrangement, but after they meet for the first time they fall in love and are relatively eager for the wedding to take place. Because of his surprise affection for Victoria, Victor is nervous and proves to be a disaster at the rehearsal where he makes a mess of his wedding vows and sets his future mother in law on fire. Pastor Galswells is appalled by Victor's incompetence and declares that the wedding will not take place until Victor can successfully repeat his vows and can compose himself during the ceremony."
Abstract This paper discusses the successful guide to helping people financially, "A Random Walk Down Wall Street" by Burton G. Malkiel. It explains Malkiel's advice of placing one's money in a good fund and letting it stay there. The paper also explains his random walk theory, which discourages trying to outperform the market. Finally, the paper describes Malkiel's ten steps to follow when investing in the stock market.
From the Paper "Every year there are scores of books that come out saying, "Make it big on Wall Street!" "Make millions of dollars on the Stock Market!" In most cases, the only one making money is the book publishers. In the majority of situations, none of these approaches work. One book has been around for years, 1973 in fact, and keeps on being republished. That's A Random Walk Down Wall Street by Burton G. Malkiel. The reason why it is so successful? It is a lot of common sense. There are no big bells and whistles, yet following his advice can help people financially."
Abstract This paper looks at how Burton Leiser's "Is Homosexuality Unnatural?" examines the claim by many theologians and moralists that homosexuality is, at its core unnatural, and how they use this claim as a rationale for their condemnation of the practice. The paper discusses how it is Leiser's goal to posit and analyze a variety of characterizations of homosexuality to determine if there is anyway by which we can say that homosexuality is "unnatural."
From the Paper "Leiser's discussion is driven by five possible definitions of what could be considered "natural." In other words, Leiser examines different ways in which the word natural has been presented and applies them to the matter of homosexuality to determine if any prominent definition could be used to classify homosexuality as unnatural. This is a basic, even simplistic, approach to the determination of homosexuality's supposed unnatural qualities. Nonetheless, this simplicity provides Leiser's argument with greater credibility, because he seems to be presenting readers with a wide variety of options that are incapable of refuting his hypothesis. Of course, the unfortunate reality--and a possible weakness of the essay--is that there may be other definitions or conceptions of naturalness that would undermine Leiser's argument. "
An analysis of G. Potts, L. Martin, P. Burton and P. Montague's article, "When Things are Better or Worse than Expected: The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Allocation of Processing Resources."
Abstract This paper reviews Potts, Martin, Burton and Montague's examination into the way the brain processes information, specifically how it orders and accesses data to know what is the most relevant information. It looks at their 2006 article, "When Things are Better or Worse than Expected: The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Allocation of Processing Resources."
Table of Contents:
Summary
Analysis
From the Paper "The authors consider some models for this process that have been offered by other theorists. Data that is considered task-relevant is data with motivational value, meaning they confer rewards or punishment. Activity has been identified in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), ventral striatum, and medial and orbito-frontal cortex for reward signals. Research has shown many of the specific mechanisms involved, such as the pairings of VTA neurons and what makes them fire. How these neurons fire has been demonstrated not simply to code reward but to code how reward outcome relates to expectation. Another identified component is ERN (error-related negativity), associated with the monitoring of ongoing behavior rather than attention selection. However, in some tasks, the brain has insufficient information to evaluate whether a response is correct or not, in which case feedback is needed to make an assessment. In such a case, the ERN is elicited to the feedback rather than the response."
