Abstract This paper reviews and discusses the Myers-Briggs type indicator. According to the paper, the Myers-Briggs type instrument is a psychological personality test that was developed through the efforts of Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers. The paper reports that while Myers-Briggs does have certain limitations in regard to its assumptions, it is, on the whole, an exceedingly useful tool in the psychologist's and counselor's armory.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and Description of the Test
Limitations of the Test
Conclusion
From the Paper "Despite its widespread use and apparent validation through testing on vast numbers of individuals from a wide variety of backgrounds, and in a multitude of different situations, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator does attract certain criticisms. In the first instance, the test's use of dichotomous scoring has been criticized on the grounds that such a usage is inconsistent with the original idea behind the qualifying of dichotomous characteristics. Simply put, Jung's personality dichotomies were to be discovered by the test; not measured for intensity. As well, these scores are actually weighted on the test in order to force assignment to one or other category. (Vacha-Haase & Thompson, 2002) Secondly, Myers-Briggs is criticized for weighting response according to specific assumptions in regard to gender and feelings or inclinations. An original presumption of the test was that women were more inclined to particular kinds of feelings than men, or even simply more inclined to be "feeling-oriented" than their male counterparts. Again these scores are weighted in such a fashion that they may not be comparable across genders. (Vacha-Haase & Thompson, 2002) Lastly, many find fault with the Myers-Briggs' use of "forced choices" to obtain its results. In the Jungian system, individual personalities are far more nuanced. (Vacha-Haase & Thompson, 2002) The Myers-Briggs instrument necessarily creates a distorted picture of human realities. Individuals might even be wrongly compartmentalized based on inadequate choices as provided by the test. "
This paper evaluates Briggs and Stratton's accounting polices and examines how the company's accounting policies affect the firm's key success factors.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 109.95
Abstract This paper explains that, as with most firms, Briggs and Stratton has instituted accounting policies, which enhance its financial standing; these accounting policies affect virtually every item on the company's financial statements, including revenues, expenses, and inventory. The author points out that Briggs and Stratton does a good job of revealing its accounting policies and exceeds GAAP standards for disclosure; however, it appears that Briggs and Stratton may be underestimating certain expenses, including warranty and depreciation expenses and costs of goods sold, which appear to be temporarily depressed due to LIFO liquidation and adjustments in the use of inventory cash flow models. This paper relates that one of the most important keys to success for a company is being able to make a profit; therefore, many of Briggs and Stratton's accounting policies, such as inventory policies, including cash flow models that affect the cost of goods sold and depreciation expenses, affect its reported profit.
From the Paper "Briggs and Stratton does have significant flexibility in its assets and liabilities accounting policies. For instance, instead of a combination of FIFO and LIFO it could use FIFO or weighted averages. Using FIFO would result in higher reported net income. In addition, FIFO inventory accounts are the closest to replacement costs, which may make it easier for management to forecast raw material costs. Instead of using straight-line depreciation, the company could use accelerated depreciation to reduce tax costs. In addition, there is a lot of flexibility in estimating life expectancy of fixed assets. Increasing the estimated life span would decrease depreciation expense. However, if the company over estimates the life expectancy of an asset, it may have to take a large write off when the asset is decommissioned."
Abstract This paper discusses the Myers Briggs Indicator test (MBIT), which is based upon the psychological theories of Carl J. Jung and developed by Katharine Cook Briggs. The paper discusses the reasons why Briggs developed the test and the how it is used today. The paper also discusses the different scales of the test and provides a table that shows the scale of determining the four letter sequence that is the conclusion of a testing scenario.
From the Paper "The MBIT itself is exceedingly popular, as a tool used in business, career counseling, education and standard counseling situations, and is said to be one the most commonly utilized tests for "normal" populations of people. The designation can assist the counselor and the individual in determining the leanings of the individual to certain types of employment or affinity for different types of learning. Yet, there are significant questions associated with the tests, validity as some researchers have found that people tested at different times can designate significantly different. Though most evaluations of the MBTI, if used correctly are positive for correlation and validity there are some converse challenges to the test. It is likely that the test will both continue to be used across a broad system and will likely continue to be challenged for validity."
Abstract The paper discusses how the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) provides valuable information and insight for leaders, motivators and those who must resolve conflicts. The paper explains that it enables individuals to understand how people vary so different personalities can learn to work well together. The paper points out that one limitation of the MBTI approach is that it is entirely positive. While most differences between individuals are simple differences in personality style, occasionally there will be an employee whose problems run deeper. The paper stresses that the MBTI does not address the very real problems that can arise from having a person with significant psychological problems on a team.
From the Paper "Brophy (1998) makes the point that people bring a variety of abilities, knowledge and preferences to any situation, and that the best problem-solving will involve a recognition of these differences so they can be capitalized upon. CPS (creative problem-solving) takes into account the strengths of all involved in the process. Therefore it is tremendously advantageous if all the participants not only know what type of person they are but also have some working knowledge of other personality types. "
Abstract This paper explains that the format of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which is based on the Jungian theory that there are 16 personality types, is an assessment tool that explores an individual's personality by using 94 questions. The author points out that the MBTI has been used by individuals and groups of all ages for such tasks as assisting people in understanding themselves and choosing careers and assisting teachers and counselors in understanding their students' learning styles and group matching. The paper states that research indicates that the MBTI is useful as a tool that evaluates the person's personality at the time that the assessment is given but that the results of the assessment may change over time. The paper includes a chart and quotation.
From the Paper "Gibson (2001) discusses the use of the MBTI by teachers and counselors to determine the students that will most effectively work together in groups. Gibson (2001) suggests that group work in the classroom is often ignored or avoided by teachers because it is found to be both frustrating and time consuming for students. The inability of some students to work with one another causes difficulties within the group and ultimately hinders the progress of the group in completing the assignment."
Abstract The paper discusses how Rainer Rilke attempts to expose the core ingredient of the human psyche in his novel, "The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge". The paper explains that, in the book, Rilke attempts to strip away the veneer of self-concept, symbolized by "incredible tedious material" in an effort to reveal the fundamental heart of the self.
From the Paper "Discovering interior universal truth about the human condition remains a timeless philosophical quest for authors. Notwithstanding, the German author Rainer Rilke attempts to expose the core ingredient of the human psyche in his novel, The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge. The author states the novel's primary purpose during the "Is it possible" segment. The author writes; " Is it possible... that's been covered with an incredible tedious material, which makes it look like living-room furniture during the summer vacation? (23). This thesis foreshadows Rilke's attempt to strip away the veneer of self-concept, symbolized by "incredible tedious material" in an effort to reveal the fundamental heart of the Self."
Abstract The paper explores the Myers-Briggs personality test designed to assist a person in identifying their personality preferences. The paper discusses how the test is frequently used in the areas of pedagogy, group dynamics, employee training, leadership training, marriage counseling and personal development. The writer then examines the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory test and maintains that this and the Myers-Briggs test are both ineffective in diagnosing a personality disorder. There are many variables for both tests which can hinder an accurate diagnosis and so additional treatments and evaluations must be given to confirm any illness.
From the Paper "According to Berens and Nardi, "the Myers Briggs model of personality is based on four preferences." 1. If you prefer to direct your energy to deal with people, things, situations, or "the outer world", then your preference is for Extraversion. If you prefer to direct your energy to deal with ideas, information, explanations or beliefs, or "the inner world", then your preference is for Introversion. 2. If you prefer to deal with facts, what you know, to have clarity, or to describe what you see, and then your preference is for Sensing. If you prefer to deal with ideas, look into the unknown, to generate new possibilities or to anticipate what isn't obvious then your preference is for Intuition."
Abstract This paper explains that in psychological research, a theory is the most significant factor: It determines the manner in which the research will be performed, the purpose of conducting the investigation and defines the subject that is being researched. The author defines the psychometric approach as psychology that deals with the design, administration and interpretation of quantitative tests for the measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence, aptitude and personality traits. This paper presents the history and application of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, which is one of the most enduring and most used system of typological classifications.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Definition: Intelligence Testing
Uses of Intelligence Testing
Theories of Process
Information Processing
Interpreting, Grouping and Clinical Assessment
Grouping and Validity
Psychological Type and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
From the Paper "Informational theorists believe that human cognition is best understood as the management of information through a system with limited space or resources.Two theorists that promote informational processing models are Sternberg and Gardner. Sternberg's triarchic theory consists of three parts: cognitive components of intelligence, experience and intelligence, and context of intelligence. They are divided in three major sub-theories: Componential is encoding, combining and comparing stimuli and evaluating one own performance. Contextual is the adaptation to one's environment. The two-facet sub-theory is the ability to process novelty and the ability to atomize cognitive processes. One of Sternberg's most important contributions to intelligence theory has been the redefinition of intelligence to incorporate practical knowledge. As Sternberg insists, "'real life is where intelligence operates' and not in the classroom . . . . The true measure of success is not how well one does in school, but how well one does in life.""
Abstract The paper shows that as Tom Foley's former press agent, Jeffrey Briggs is able to write an informative and interesting biography of the former Speaker of the House. Briggs combines his memories and experiences with Foley's reflections to provide the reader with a history of the workings of the institution of the House of Representatives. The paper shows that although there are occasional anecdotes about famous figures, such as Lyndon Johnson, this book focuses primarily on giving an insider's view of how Congress works. In the process, the author reflects on most of the significant political subjects since the 1960s.
From the Paper "When Tip O'Neal selected Foley as the Democratic Majority Whip in 1983, many thought it was a bad choice. It was believed that the gentlemanly Representative from Washington could not be "hard-nosed" enough to carry out the duties of his position. But he proved that he was the right man for the job. Even though he was respectful of the opinions of others, he could also be forceful in expressing his own opinion. "He had the essential quality of a good leader, of being willing to risk losing when he was pretty sure he was right" (76)."
Abstract The paper discusses the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and the Rorschach assessment tests that were both created to assist people in understanding the mental perceptions of each other through a focus on personality. The paper shows how the Myers-Briggs tool is a much more effective test than the Rorschach because it is reliable and leaves little room for bias on the part of the evaluator.
From the Paper "The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality assessment focuses on Jung's concept of personality types and a personality inventory (Geyer, 2006, sec. 1-3). The initial work on the MBTI began in the 1940s and has been revised on a constant basis since that time. It is considered reliable because of the test-retest method of reliability that has demonstrated a 75% repeat result from participants (Geyer, 2006, sec. 1-3). Therefore, the test is utilized by many businesses and organizations as a clear assessment tool for personality indicators of employees."
Abstract The paper discusses the Myers-Briggs, Holland Codes and strong interest inventory personality tests that help companies determine the viability and suitability of employees or clients. The paper points out that whatever purpose business, human resources departments or employees have, there is a personality assessment method appropriate to the requirements and it is up to the individual or group to research the available methods and use them accordingly.
Outline:
Executive Summary
The Myers-Briggs, Holland Codes and Strong Interest Inventory Personality Type Assessment
Use of the Different Personality Assessment Tests in Business
From the Paper "Business and industry have gone through tremendous changes throughout the last few decades. Competition amongst businesses not only in terms of getting clients but getting the right people to do the required tasks is unprecedented. The atmosphere has become more competitive especially in today's globalize world where employers no longer compete for resources - human or otherwise - locally but regionally and worldwide as well. Before, a public relations firm in Minneapolis could have its choice of different PR experts locally; and can even shortlist the creme de la creme of the industry. Nowadays, the same PR firm must look nationally and the top candidates would not only have offers in key U.S. cities' PR firms but London, Shanghai, Macau, Manila, Paris or Bonn's PR firms as well."
Abstract This paper reviews Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, which help in the understanding of team dynamics.The paper then discusses her experience with the managing individual performance simulation and relates that, in the first run of the simulation, she focused on matching individual profiles to tasks based on the skills each task required, but did not consider her own Myers-Briggs profile and how her decision-making process would impact the group. During the second run of the simulation, the writer instead focused on individual motivations and needs instead of her own inclinations in motivating each team member. The writer concludes that, from these simulations, the success of a team is dependent upon the team leader's ability to motivate each member of a team to complete the assigned tasks to the individual's best ability.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
The Impact of Personality on Motivation and Team Interaction
The Simulation
From the Paper "Daniel's love of cars and competition suggested to me that he was still working to fulfill his need for ego and status, Maslow's fourth level in the hierarchy of needs. In retrospect, John's propensity towards tasks as opposed to people should have prevented me from assigning him as supervisor of confrontation sessions. However, it was his reputation as a taskmaster and his enthusiasm for teaching others that convinced me he provide an effective balance in this position. These characteristics would also likely place him in the social hierarchy of needs."
Tags: motivations, personality types, maslow's hierarchy, myers-briggs, dare team
Abstract The paper outlines the basic elements of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test and the Rorschach test and shows why the former is more potentially useful in understanding the psychological makeup of individuals. On the other hand, the paper explains why the Rorschach test may contribute more directly to identifying various organic psychological dysfunctions related to biochemical processes. The paper relates, however, that because of its subjective nature, it is not widely used within the overall scope of behavioral psychology. The paper then discusses self-help books and why they are not considered a reliable method of treating psychological issues.
From the Paper "Human personality assessment is a field that encompasses peer-reviewed concepts and techniques as well as pseudo-scientific theories that are untested, and of dubious value. The classic bases of established psychoanalytic tradition and other clinically validated theories sometimes provide a helpful framework for understanding human behavior in general as well as for predicting likely future behavior in particular.
"Because of the potential predictive value of personality tests, employers have begun administering various forms of personality assessments in conjunction with pre-employment screening, especially in fields where specific personality characteristics are know to suggest suitability or non-suitability, such as in law enforcement, for one example."
Abstract This essay explains the contingent leadership model and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The paper examines the controversy surrounding this model and challenges the Myers-Briggs Indicator and how it is used to match a leader to the situation. The paper also examines the 9-11 tragedy as a a tool for analyzing how leaders can rise to the occasion and lead effectively in a given situation. The paper then uses the example of nursing leadership, as it relates to patient care, discussing the nurse's necessity to adapt their leadership skills to the situation.
Table of Contents
Contingent Leadership
The Problem
The Issue
Leadership Styles
The Controversy
Current Leadership Trend
The Leaders Role
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "There is fault with this theory because as a society and in many organizations our leadership structure is one of "Commander and Chief" and does not match leadership to a given situation. Through out history we can point to many leaders that have had to adapt and lead despite their leadership style not matching the given situation. Leadership requires one to utilize knowledge, skills and abilities in fulfillment of an assigned leadership role. We expect and demand those in leadership to lead when the situation calls for it. If this theory is absolute then we would have to accept that one can not learn and grow as a leader. More importantly it would limit you to situations that match your skill set. So, instead of expecting you to lead in various situations you would need to be matched the situation."
Abstract This paper examines personality types and their relation to academic performance. The author looks at Jung's theory of personality, and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test research. The paper also discusses student assessment tests, how different personality types excel at different subjects, and methods used to improve student performance.
From the Paper "All academic achievements are related to the personality characteristic of the students. Yet, schools usually take into account only the academic achievement on basis of exam scores such as GRE, MCAT and SAT. Why do some students achieve success while others drop out? Some subjects are a piece of cake while others are difficult to tackle. All these questions are dependent upon the personality type and the motivation for the academic subject that the student has. There is a voluminous amount of research into how personality type affects learning and teaching styles in general. Most of the research in this area used the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, MBTI, to evaluate a person's personality preferences. In fact, the MBTI is used in the majority of studies that evaluate the effect of personality type on educational outcomes. It also has the advantage of being a measure that indicates personality type based on a person's preferences rather than on a clinical diagnosis and so is easy to administer."
