Abstract This policy analysis and recommendation addresses the question of whether or not the BradleyLandfill in Sun Valley, California should be permitted to obtain approval for a potentially significant increase in landfill height and overall waste disposal capacity.
From the Paper " sing the framework developed by David Easton, the various stakeholder positions are presented and analyzed. Relevant research is incorporated into an analysis of the options that are available at the present time. These options include permanently closing the Bradley Landfill, maintaining the status quo and refusing permission for..."
Abstract This paper reviews the rhetorical instruments utilized during the presidential campaign of Bill Bradley in 1999. It particularly focuses on the usage of imagery and symbolism used in Bradley's announcement speech and throughout the campaign. The paper also provides specific examples of the variety and combination of persuasive tools employed to create the symbolic reality where Bradley's image is constructed.
Table of Contents:
The Image
The Usage of Cultural Premises: American Myths and Images
Symbolism: Metaphors and Enthymemes
Ethical Approach
Conclusion
From the Paper "Former senator Bill Bradley announced his campaign for the Democrat nomination for President on September 8o1999 with a speech in his hometown Crystal City. The location of his announcement was particularly important in establishing the symbolism of this campaign. Bradley delivered his speech in front of the red-brick high school of his youth and spoke to a crowd of more than 2000 residents. He said he felt "an urgency to seize this moment in history, to strengthen the weak and to challenge the strong to lead us into our full greatness as nation". Bradley's selection of location to announce his candidacy and his rhetoric exemplifies the use of the myth of "the eternal return" in which "there was a time when things were perfect and harmonious" where "things could be shaped or molded as they were meant to be" (Larson, 1998, p. 218)."
Abstract This paper explains that, at one time, there were no problems with landfills because trash, such as wood, paper, oxidizable metals and organic garbage, was biodegradable; now, Styrofoam and other plastic based wrappings and containers, in which almost everything is over-wrapped, survive decomposition for decades and decades even when crushed. The author points out the problems of trash handle in the 21st century are: (1) Landfills are filling up at an astronomical rate, (2) they are not decomposing at the rate they used to before non-biodegradable items were being added, (3) because of this inconsistent rate of biodegradability, many landfills are developing large pockets of methane gas and leachate or "garbage juice", which is a potential threat to the ground water and (4) companies are dumping highly toxic materials in the landfill. The paper stresses that the only ways we are going to make landfills nearly obsolete are by recycling, which must be supported by very strong recycling laws, and by seeking improved technologies for waste disposal and long-term chemical contamination.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Hazardous Waste and Landfills Problems with Non Hazardous Landfills Conclusion
From the Paper "According to the group "Make Less Waste", waste prevention is any practice that reduces the amount or toxicity of waste, including making goods last longer, reusing products and reducing packaging. It's a good way to save money, reduce pollution and conserve energy. They point out some ways we can reduce the amount of waste we generate. Some suggestions include avoiding "over-packaged" products. We should look for the most purposeful, least wasteful packaging. We should re-use or refuse shopping bags and bring your own bags. One of the best ways of making less waste is to avoid disposable versions of razors, pens, lighters, batteries, plates, cups, napkins and diapers. We cam choose products made from recycled material and buy products in glass, steel, or aluminum because all of these products have some recycled content and can be recycled. If we buy concentrates, "economy" sizes, and products selected from bulk bin, we save on packaging waste. To reduce fast food packaging, ask that your fast food be wrapped only in paper and refuse bags and Styrofoam boxes. Instead of throwing them away, donate used items such as clothes, furniture and books to charitable organizations."
Abstract This paper examines ways to stop Canadian trash from filling up our Michigan landfills and argues that the Michigan waste disposal companies are not justified in accepting trash from Canada and other states in Michigan landfills. Canadian trash and trash from other states is a major problem facing America's landfills today, and the author of this paper suggests we find new ways of dealing with waste, while finding new areas for landfills before the country's current landfills are exhausted.
From the Paper "Thus, waste from other areas would have to meet strict criteria before it could enter the state, and this would cut down tremendously on the waste coming in from Canada and other areas, leaving our landfills open for our own waste, and not filling them up as quickly. The opposition to the bill comes from landfill owners and waste industry associations, who feel they should be able to accept waste from anywhere. Clearly, the two sides must come to an agreement, and the Senate must find out how the people of Michigan feel about the solid waste from other areas coming into Michigan for disposal."
This paper discusses the issues of building multistory buildings on areas of landfill, areas of dumped discarded items such as debris and garbage, using Battery Park City, New York City as an example.
Abstract This paper reports that one way that builders are finding available land is by using places previously thought unsafe or unsuitable to build on, such as landfill sites. This paper explains that landfill sites can safely be used to build high-rise buildings, provided the density of the landfill, the size of the foundation pieces and the deepness of the foundation pilings are taken into consideration. The author points out that there have been no reported problems from the settling of the landfill site on which Battery Park City was built.
From the Paper "First, it is important to understand what landfills are and why they are here. Landfills are areas where the city or other municipality has dumped discarded items such as debris and garbage. The city often dumps large items there, as well, and eventually the landfill reaches its capacity. Landfills are important because debris and garbage has to go somewhere, but many people remain concerned that landfills are dangerous, and that hazardous materials are being dumped into landfills, which could harm people in the future. When someone decides to build on a landfill site, as the one in Battery Park City, the question of stability comes up. After all, they are essentially building on garbage and debris, which seems likely to shift and move as it settles."
Abstract The paper reviews literature on the subject of landfill covers and shows how conventional techniques are significantly flawed. The paper notes high implementation costs and leaks through the barriers. The paper looks at alternative landfill covers methods like evapotranspiration, geomembranes and anisotropic barriers that direct water away from the landfill site instead of through it. The paper shows how alternative systems are designed to work on a site-specific basis with the local environmental conditions.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper "Clearly, the issue of waste management in the United States and the world is a significant one. Waste continues to pile higher every year, and landfills are filling up faster than ever (Albright et al. 71). When a landfill reaches its designated capacity, it is sealed and covered. In the past, this has meant the use of rather conventional techniques. Usually, a landfill is lined with compacted clay before even one piece of garbage is dumped there. Then, when the landfill has been filled to capacity, the entire site is covered over. The purpose of all of this engineering is simple: reduce the environmental damage and impact of the site by lessening the degree to which pollutants and contaminants can leach from the site through the introduction of either groundwater or rain."
Abstract This report examines landfill methods and techniques in the New York metropolitan Area, offering a comparison of landfill techniques in the area, an assessment of the chemical makeup of the most common wastes and the presence of heavy metals, their uses and dangers, and the issues related to cakes and pellets. An annotated bibliography of the most critical sources used in the report (along with unannotated sources of a less critical nature) are included.
From the Paper "Cities and counties are often confronted with a major problem when it comes to dealing with their solid waste. On the one hand, they are feeling pressure to reduce the volume of waste going to landfills; on the other, building and operating landfills is an expensive proposition these days (American City and County, 1, p. 40). Waste managers are confronted with these conflicting pressures as well as a functional environment in which increasing regulation coupled with financial pressure to make waste management an increasingly difficult, complex, and even tension-laden task.
Nowhere in the United States is this set of problems more difficult than in the New York Metropolitan area. Peter L. Grogan (p. 75) recently reported that the City faces a serious waste disposal problem; it is expected that the major landfill which has served the area for many decades, the Fresh Kills landfill, will be closed soon, and no suitable land for new landfills in the area has been identified. Recycling to reduce landfill-bound wastes has been attempted, but few positive results have as yet been reported. Consequently, the New York City Metropolitan area faces significant challenges now and in the future in this regard."
Abstract This essay compares landfills versus incineration as a solution to garbage sites. It takes the stance that modern incineration is a better solution. In terms of garbage disposal, it would be an understatement to say there are downsides to both landfills and incineration as waste solutions. The reality, however, is that major urban centers, let alone rural locales, genuinely need to employ one or the other.
From the Paper "In terms of garbage disposal, it would be an understatement to say there are downsides to both landfills and incineration as waste solutions. The reality, however, is that major urban centres, let alone rural locales, genuinely need to employ one or the other. As part of Toronto's comprehensive waste strategy, for instance, the city has made great strides in reducing, reusing, and recycling. But Hogtown, as it is aptly nicknamed, along with the Greater Toronto Area at large, has never dealt with its existing landfill needs. As a result, long since it became clear that Toronto's main source, the Keele Valley landfill, would close in 2003, Toronto simply did not..."
Abstract This paper looks at how formerly environmentally damaging methane gas from landfills is now being utilized for direct-use and gas-to-electric projects that not only benefit consumers but are actually responsible for improving the environment.
From the Paper "Three decades ago the notion of landfills was a distasteful one to most people. Landfills emit natural gases that are a by-product of decomposition of organic waste. Landfill gas emissions give off a noxious odor for those living in close proximity to landfills and the release of gases from aerobic and anaerobic oxygen free processes were thought to be detrimental to the environment. Landfill gas (LFG) is primarily composed of carbon dioxide and methane. Because of this it is flammable and potentially explosive in..."
Tags: waste management, greenhouse effect, alternative sources of fuel, heating, turbines, pollution, anaerobic processes, BMW, electricity, carbon dioxide
Abstract All successful arguments necessitate an initial defining of one's terms, and the consistent employment of these concepts in the course of the argument. While this does not, in and of itself, ensure an argument's acceptance, it is essential to a reader's navigation of the landscape of an author's text. Michael Bradley's "Born of Beast" superficially fulfils these two prerequisites with regard to his use of the concepts: "caucasoid" and "aggression". However, this essay will argue that a closer reading of the text reveals not only flaws in reasoning, but an imprecision in employing these concepts that detract from the viability of his argument. It will be demonstrated that this imprecision is necessary to the maintenance of Bradley's thesis, but by its very nature also subverts the argument.
Abstract This paper looks at the problems faced by New York once the huge Fresh Kills' landfill site is closed. Private contractors will take the garbage out of the state by river barge, but in the mean time transfer stations have been set up in poorer areas of the city. The paper discusses the political arguments that have occurred concerning these problems and the huge profits to be made by the companies involved. Waste Management Inc. has a $6 billion 20-year contract for New York. It goes on to discuss environmental pollution from these dumps, industrial pollution in the Hudson River and the problems of carcinogens and clean-ups.
From the paper:
?In the garbage industry, Waste Management, Inc. remains king of garbage hauling after gaining a 20-year $6 billion contract in New York City. Waste Management Inc., based in Houston, Texas, is the largest waste collection and disposal company in the United States and has annual sales in excess of $12 billion. The New York City contract calls for the waste hauler to dispose of its 13,000 tons of garbage a day. This residential, commercial, and industrial garbage will be sent out of state once the Fresh Kills landfill on Staten Island is closed on Jan. 1, 2002. Covering more than 2,100 acres, the Fresh Kills landfill is so large it can be seen with the naked eye from space. (McCrory) It first opened in 1947 and is now considered the largest landfill in the world. The site is unlined and leaches thousands of pounds of toxins into nearby streams. Its odors reach into neighborhoods on both sides of the Arthur Kill, which separates Staten Island from New Jersey.?
Abstract This paper delivers a compelling discussion about the use of history in David Bradley?s, "The Chaneysville Incident". The author of this paper outlines the importance of the concept of history in the book and explains why it was important to the foundation of the story.
From the Paper "America, as a nation, is still in its infancy when compared to other nations in the world. However, it has evolved so quickly that we would not recognize the days of yesteryear if they stood before us now. With each stride, we move further into the future and further away from the past, but that history ties each leg of the journey to the next one in its path. In David Bradley?s, The Chaneysville Incident, the reader is given the opportunity to see just how important the concept of history can be to the telling of a story."
Abstract This paper examines the issue of land use zoning in urban areas. Briefly the economists' critique of property and land use zoning is identified and outlined. The quality of Bradley Karkkainen's critique "Zoning: A Reply to the Critics" is then assessed.
Abstract This paper is a complete book review of Bradley R. Schiller's textbook, "The Economy Today". Major elements in the text are outlined, as are several interesting features contained therein.
Abstract This paper reviews Governor George W. Bush's presidential aspirations. This paper also gives a brief history of Bush's political career as well as detailing the political struggle between republican Bush and democrats Al Gore and Bill Bradley.
From the Paper "The real test will come in New Hampshire and Iowa, where Bush is already airing TV commercials. Some pundits have said that McCain should do well in New Hampshire because he tends to represent the hardened New England patriot more than Bush, who (so some critics are willing to publicize) was the pampered son who did some time but not anywhere close to where danger might occur. Forbes' money might also garner some votes in these very early primaries, but unofficial prognosticators claim it will be Bush-McClain at the end of the primary day, certainly in New Hampshire."
